厕筹主难产及霍乱身冷转筋于床下烧取热气彻上亦主中恶鬼气此物最微其功可录（本草
拾遗）【合治】（王氏小儿方）治小儿惊窜两眼看地不上者用皂角烧灰以童尿浸刮屎柴竹火烘
干为末贴其囟门即苏○（圣惠方）治小儿齿迟正旦取尿坑中竹木刮涂之即生
尿桶（本草纲目）旧板主霍乱吐利煎水服山村宜之（如宜方）旧箍主脚缝搔痒或疮有窍
出血
不止烧灰敷之年久者佳（本草纲目）
角无毒黄 牛 牛海牛日支牛山牛附
胎生KT 牛角主惊痫热毒诸血病○黄主惊痫癫狂（本草纲目）【名】毛犀（广志） 猫
牛（汉
书注） 竹牛（昨梦录） 牛（音作） 牛（音麻） 牛（音抽）（李时珍云） 者
髦也其髦可为
旌旄也其体多长毛而身角如犀故曰毛犀（汲冢周书）作KT 牛（颜师古）作猫牛（尔雅）
作牛
音皆相近也（山海经）作 牛西人呼为竹牛因角理如竹也或云竹即 音之转而 又竹音之转
也
（杨慎丹铅录云）毛犀即彖也状如犀而角小善知吉凶古人呼为猫猪交广人谓之猪神是也（曹
昭
格古论云）毛犀即KT 牛也角之花斑皆类山犀而无粟纹其理似竹不甚为奇故谓毛犀观此则
KT之角胜于KT 而KT 之毛尾胜于KT 也又有野牛与此相类者并附于下【地】出西南
徼
外居深山中野牛也唐宋西徼诸州贡之（中山经云）荆山多KT 牛【时】（生）无时【用】角
黄
其尾名曰KT 亦可为旌旄缨帽之用（昨梦录云）西夏多竹牛重数百斤角甚长制弓极劲彼人
以
伪犀角卒莫能辨【质】状及毛尾俱同KT 牛KT 小而KT 大有重千斤者【色】（郭璞注云）
KT牛之属也其色黑（又昨梦录云）竹牛角甚长而黄黑相间【味】角味酸咸【性】角性凉
【代】
（李时珍云）KT 牛亦有黄彼人以乱牛黄但坚而不香云功用亦相近也其角亦可乱犀但无粟
纹
（苏颂图经）误以为牯犀角者是也亦可用而功不及犀（昨梦录格古论）说之详矣 牛音危纲
目附
录○又名夔牛如牛而大肉重数千斤出蜀山中 牛（纲目附录）○（广志云）出日南及浔州大
宾县
色青黄与蛇同穴性嗜盐人裹手涂盐取之其角如玉可为器海牛（纲目附录）○（齐地志云）出
登州
海岛中形似牛鼍脚 毛其皮甚软可供百用脂可然灯（寰宇志）名潜牛（广志）名 牛日支牛
（纲
目附录）○（元中记云）出西胡及大月氏国今日削取肉明日其创即复合也山牛（纲目附录）
○状
如水牛而角有枝如鹿角
厕筹（如厕用的竹片）主治难产以及霍乱引起的身体冰冷、转筋（肌肉痉挛）。在床下焚烧此物，利用其上升的热气熏蒸，也能治疗中恶鬼气（突发的严重邪气侵袭）。此物虽然微小，但其功效值得记录。（出自《本草拾遗》）【合治】（出自《王氏小儿方》）治疗小儿惊风窜动、两眼直视地面不能抬头的症状：用皂角烧成灰，以童尿浸泡，刮取屎柴竹上的火烘干燥后研为细末，贴敷于囟门处，患儿即可苏醒。○（出自《圣惠方》）治疗小儿出牙迟缓：正月初一这天，取尿坑中的竹木刮下的碎屑涂抹患处，牙齿即可长出。
尿桶（旧称溺器）（出自《本草纲目》）旧的木板主治霍乱引起的呕吐腹泻，煎水服用，山村地区适宜使用。（出自《如宜方》）旧的箍圈主治脚趾缝瘙痒，或者疮口有孔出血不止，将其烧成灰外敷，年代久远的更佳。（出自《本草纲目》）
牛角无毒。黄牛、海牛、日支牛、山牛的胎衣（KT指代某种特定部位或异体字，此处依原文保留语境，通常指胎衣或相关药用部分，但根据下文“胎生”及中药常识，此处可能指胎衣或幼崽相关，结合李时珍语境，多指胎衣或特定部位，暂按原文直译并标注）……牛角主治惊痫、热毒及各类血证。○黄（牛黄）主治惊痫、癫狂。（出自《本草纲目》）【名称】毛犀（出自《广志》）、猫牛（出自《汉书注》）、竹牛（出自《昨梦录》）、犎牛（音作biān）、犦牛（音作má）、犦牛（音作chōu）（李时珍说）。“者”即髦毛，其髦毛可作为旗帜装饰。这种动物身体多长毛且角像犀牛，所以称为毛犀（出自《汲冢周书》）。颜师古注《汉书》写作“犎牛”，《尔雅》写作“猫牛”，读音都相近（出自《山海经》）。西方人称之为竹牛，因为角的纹理像竹子。有人说“竹”是“犦”音的转化，“犦”又是“竹”音的转化（杨慎《丹铅录》说）。毛犀就是彖（tuàn），形状像犀牛但角较小，善于预知吉凶，古人称为猫猪，交州和广州人称之为猪神（曹昭《格古论》说）。毛犀就是犦牛，角的斑纹都像山犀但没有粟纹，纹理似竹，并不特别奇特，所以叫毛犀。观察这些记载，则犦牛的角优于犎牛，而犎牛的毛尾优于犦牛。又有野牛与此相似，一并附在下面。【产地】出产于西南边塞之外，居住在深山中，属于野牛。唐宋时期西南边塞各州进贡。（《中山经》说）荆山多犎牛。【时令】（生长）没有固定时节。【用法】角、黄。其尾巴名为犦，也可用于制作旗帜装饰和缨帽。（《昨梦录》说）西夏多竹牛，重达数百斤，角很长，用来制弓非常强劲，当地人用它冒充犀角，士兵们无法分辨。【质地】形状及毛尾都与犎牛相同，犎牛小，犦牛大，有的重达千斤。【颜色】（郭璞注说）属于犎牛一类，颜色黑。（又据《昨梦录》说）竹牛角很长，黄黑相间。【味道】角味酸、咸。【性质】角性凉。【替代】（李时珍说）犎牛也有黄，当地人用来混淆牛黄，但坚而不香，功用也相近。其角也可冒充犀角，但没有粟纹（苏颂《图经》误认为是牯犀角，其实也可以用，但功效不及犀角，《昨梦录》、《格古论》说得详细了）。夔牛（音危），《纲目》附录。○又名夔牛，像牛一样大，肉重数千斤，出产于蜀地山中。（《纲目》附录）○（《广志》说）出产于日南及浔州大宾县，颜色青黄，与蛇同穴，性嗜盐，人把手裹起来涂上盐去抓它，其角像玉，可以做器皿。海牛（《纲目》附录）○（《齐地志》说）出产于登州海岛中，形状像牛，脚像鼍（鳄鱼），毛皮很软，可供百种用途，脂肪可点灯（《寰宇志》）。名潜牛（《广志》）。名犦牛、日支牛（《纲目》附录）○（《元中记》说）出产于西胡及大月氏国，今天削取肉，明天伤口就愈合了。山牛（《纲目》附录）○形状像水牛，角有分枝像鹿角。
Toilet sticks (bamboo or wooden strips used for anal cleansing after defecation) are indicated for difficult labor, as well as cholera presenting with cold limbs and muscle spasms. Burning these items beneath the bed to utilize the rising heat can also treat sudden evil qi invasion attributed to ghosts/spirits. Although this substance is minute, its efficacy is noteworthy (from *Bencao Shiyi*). [Combined Treatments] (*Wangshi Xiao'er Fang*) treats pediatric convulsive disorders characterized by staring at the ground without raising the head: burn sophora fruit into ash, soak in urine from a young boy, scrape off residue from fire-dried bamboo waste, dry thoroughly, grind into powder, and apply to the fontanelle; the infant will regain consciousness. ○ (*Shenghui Fang*) treats delayed dentition in children: on the first day of the New Year, scrape debris from bamboo or wood found in latrine pits and apply to the gums; teeth will emerge promptly.
Urine bucket (from *Bencao Gangmu*). Old planks are indicated for cholera with vomiting and diarrhea; decoct in water and ingest. This is particularly suitable for mountain villages (from *Ruyi Fang*). Old hoops are indicated for pruritus between toes or bleeding from open sores/ulcers; incinerate into ash and apply topically. Older material is preferred (from *Bencao Gangmu*).
Horn is non-toxic. Yellow cattle, Hai Niu cattle, Rizhi cattle, Shan Niu cattle are noted. Fetus-bearing KT cattle. Ox horn treats epilepsy, febrile toxins, and various blood disorders. ○ Huang (Calculus Bovis / Cattle Gallstone) treats epilepsy and manic psychosis (from *Bencao Gangmu*). [Names] Mao Xi (from *Guangzhi*), Mao Niu (from *Commentary on Book of Han*), Zhu Niu (from *Zuomeng Lu*), Niu (pronounced as...), Niu (pronounced Ma), Niu (pronounced Chou) (Li Shizhen states). "Zhe" refers to the mane; its hair can be used for banner decorations. Its body has long hair and horns resembling those of a rhinoceros, hence called Mao Xi (from *Jizhong Zhoushu*). Referred to as KT Niu (Yan Shigu's commentary), Mao Niu (from *Erya*); pronunciations are similar (from *Shanhaijing*). Westerners call it Zhu Niu because the horn texture resembles bamboo. Some claim "Zhu" is a phonetic shift of "", and "" is a shift of "Zhu" (Yang Shen's *Danqian Lu* states). Mao Xi is equivalent to Tuo; it resembles a rhinoceros but has smaller horns and possesses the ability to predict fortune and misfortune. Ancients called it Mao Zhu; people in Jiaozhou and Guangzhou call it Zhu Shen (Cao Zhao's *Ge Gu Lun* states). Mao Xi is equivalent to KT Niu; the floral patterns on its horns resemble those of Shan Xi but lack millet-like grain textures, and its pattern resembles bamboo, which is not particularly rare, thus named Mao Xi. From this, it is observed that KT horns surpass KT horns, while KT fur and tails surpass KT fur/tails. Wild cattle similar to these are appended below. [Location] Originates beyond the southwestern borders, dwelling in deep mountains; it is a wild cattle. During Tang and Song dynasties, various prefectures in the southwestern frontier paid tribute of it. (*Zhongshan Jing* states) Mount Jing has many KT Niu. [Season] (Growth) No fixed season. [Usage] Horns, Huang (gallstones), and its tail named KT can be used for making banners and hat tassels. (*Zuomeng Lu* states) Western Xia has many Zhu Niu weighing hundreds of jin; their horns are very long and used to make powerful bows. Locals use them to counterfeit rhino horn, making them indistinguishable to outsiders. [Quality] Shape, fur, and tail are identical to KT Niu. KT Niu is small; KT Niu can weigh up to 1,000 jin. [Color] (Guo Pu's commentary) Belongs to the KT Niu category; color is black. (Also *Zuomeng Lu* states) Zhu Niu horns are very long, alternating yellow and black. [Taste] Horn tastes sour and salty. [Nature] Horn nature is cool. [Substitute] (Li Shizhen states) KT Niu also produces Huang; locals use it to confuse with cattle Huang, but it is hard and lacks fragrance, though functions are similar. Its horns can also substitute for rhino horn but lack millet-grain textures (Su Song's *Tujing* mistakenly identified them as Guxi horns; they can be used but efficacy is inferior to rhino horn) (*Zuomeng Lu*, *Ge Gu Lun* explain in detail). Niu (pronounced Wei), appended in *Gangmu*. ○ Also known as Kui Niu; resembles cattle but larger, meat weighs thousands of jin, originates from mountains in Shu region. (*Gangmu Appendix*) ○ (*Guangzhi* states) Originates from Rinan and Xunzhou Dabin County; color is greenish-yellow, shares burrows with snakes, loves salt; people wrap hands in cloth coated with salt to catch them; horns are jade-like and can be made into vessels. (*Gangmu Appendix*) Hai Niu. ○ (*Qi Dizhi* states) Originates from islands in Dengzhou; shape resembles cattle, feet resemble tuotuo (alligator), abundant hair, skin is soft and useful for hundred purposes, fat can be used for lamp oil (*Huayu Zhi*). Named Qian Niu (*Guangzhi*). Named Niu, Rizhi Niu (*Gangmu Appendix*). ○ (*Yuanzhong Ji* states) Originates from Western Hu and Dayuezhi countries; if flesh is shaved today, the wound heals by tomorrow. (*Gangmu Appendix*) Shan Niu. ○ Resembles water buffalo but horns branch like deer antlers.