典藏书目

The fruits of *Bi* (Pi Zi, Torreyia seed) have a sweet flavor and warm nature, and are toxic. They treat evil qi in the abdomen, expel the three parasites, and snakebites, gu poison, gui zhu (ghostly afflictions), and fu shi (latent corpses/diseases). They grow in Yongchang valleys. (Tao Hongjing states) Physicians have never used this herb; doctors and pharmacists of ancient and modern times no longer recognize it. It is also known as Pi Zi (Bear's fruit), but its shape is unknown. (Note from *Xinxiu Bencao*) The character "Bi" should be written with the wood radical as "Pi" (Pi Zi, Torreyia seed), pronounced "pi", referring to the fruit of a tree. It was erroneously included in the insect section. *Erya* states: also known as Shan Ye (Fir leaf), resembling fir trees, with wood texture like cypress but soft grain. The fruit is named Fei Zi (Torreyia seed). Tao Hongjing placed it in the wood section. This entry should belong in the fruit section. (Current Note) Tao Hongjing did not recognize it; the note in *Xinxiu Bencao* considers it Fei Shi (Torreyia fruit). Currently, according to the lower grade section of the wood category which already has an entry for Fei Shi, while Bi Zi is in the insect and fish section. Although both originate from Yongchang, their therapeutic indications differ slightly. Ancient and modern scholars have not distinguished them, and both notes are unclear. It is now moved to the end of this volume to await identification by experts.

Di Song (Lapsanae Herba, Common Chickweed/Lapsana) has a salty flavor. It treats metal wounds (lacerations), stops bleeding, and resolves toxins from harmful insects and snakebites. Applied externally. It grows around dwellings and in shady places along roadsides, found everywhere. It is two or three cun high. The Song edition states: In *Shennong Bencao Jing*, it is listed in the upper grade under the name Tian Ming Jing (Sonchus oleraceus). Tang notes state: People in the south call it Di Song. Further investigation into its indicated functions matches this exactly. Moreover, according to Chen Zangqi's *Jiefen* (Clarification of Disputes), both Tao Hongjing and Su Gong's views also consider Tian Ming Jing to be Di Song. Therefore, this current entry should not appear redundantly. Although Chen Zangqi established a separate entry for Di Song in *Chenben Caomu Shiyi* (Supplement to Materia Medica), this was Chen Zangqi's own work aiming for numerous entries. *Jiefen* and *Shiyi* also contain errors and confusions; later generations should not follow these fallacies and add new fabricated entries. It is now attached after the withdrawn items for reference. ○ Ji Chang Cao (Polygoni avicularis Herba, Jointweed) treats toxic swellings and stops frequent urination. (*Bencao Tujing* states) Ji Chang Cao is Fan Lou (Plantago asiatica). The stems and stalks are creeping vines; when broken, they have silk-like fibers, are thin and hollow, resembling chicken intestines, hence the name. *Shennong Bencao Jing* lists it as two separate entries. Su Gong considered it one substance with two names. *Erya* states: [Characters for Plantago]. Explanation: One name is [Character], another is [Character], another is Fan Lou, another is Ji Chang Cao. The fruits are from the same substance. Due to differences in soil fertility between north and south, the names vary. People do not see all varieties, often suspecting them to be two different substances. Since *Xinxiu Bencao*, this item was moved from the grass section and attached under Fan Lou, a convention followed to this day. It is now merged into the withdrawn items.