Jingsanleng (Burreed Rhizome), ancient texts do not specify its place of origin. Today, it is found in He-Shaan, Jiang-Huai, and Jing-Xiang regions. In spring, shoots emerge, three to four chi high, resembling Jiaopu (Zizania latifolia); the leaves are all triangular; flowers bloom in May and June, resembling Cyperaceae (Sedge), yellowish-purple. Roots are harvested after Frost's Descent, skin and fine roots removed; the color is yellow, taste slightly bitter; those resembling small crucian carp and heavy in weight are considered superior. It mostly grows beside shallow waters or in marshes. Its rhizomes initially form clumps as large as Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), some being flat; a side root may grow out and form another clump, also producing shoots; those that do not produce shoots but only fine roots are called Jizhao Sanleng (Chicken-claw Burreed). Those without fine roots are called Heisanleng (Black Burreed), varying in size, black in color, turning white when peeled. In Hezhong Prefecture, there is also Shisanleng (Stone Burreed), with yellowish-white roots shaped like hairpin shafts; green leaves resembling Pumu (Typha orientalis) up to one chi high, also with triangular edges; flowers bloom in April, white, resembling Polygonum orientale flowers; roots harvested in May, also effective for resolving stagnation. The Lower Grade section separately lists Caosanleng (Herbal Burreed), stating it grows in Shu, which is indeed Jizhao Sanleng. They are essentially the same category, hence attached here. Another theory suggests Sanleng originates from Jing-Chu, so the character should be "Jing" (Thorn), indicating its location. The "Benjing" writing "Jing" (Capital) is incorrect. Nowadays, true Sanleng is no longer available; what is used is Hongpu Gen (Rhizoma Sparganii) from Huainan. Taizhou has particularly abundant supplies, and the world uses it. Even Imperial Physicians do not consider this an error, likely due to long-standing custom; those using the root do not recognize its shoot, and herb collectors do not investigate its use, leading to errors through habituation, without further distinction. Today, Sanleng is found in Jing, Xiang, and Jiang-Huai water marshes. Leaves resemble Sedge, very long; stems are triangular as if shaved, thick as a human finger, five to six chi high, flowering at the stem tip, generally larger than Sedge, growing by water edges and in shallow water. Below the shoot is the main tuber (Kui), with horizontal roots connecting several tubers; shoots emerge from the tubers. When harvesting, cutting the shoot and horizontal root yields a flat, long shape resembling a crucian carp, which is Sanleng. Where the root ends, a single tuber does not sprout, small and round like a dried plum, is Heisanleng. Roots hooked and curved like claws are Jizhao Sanleng; all have black skin, white flesh, and are light in weight. These three are originally one substance, differing only in the strength of their action (rigid vs. gentle), each suitable for different uses. Named after their shapes, like Wutou (Aconiti Radix) and Wuwei (Aconiti Radix Cum Processu), Yunmu (Mica) and Yunhua (Mica), they are not two distinct substances. Nowadays, people wrongly substitute them with Fu Ci (Nymphaeae Fructus) and Xiangfuzi (Cyperi Rhizoma). Materia Medica states Jingsanleng resembles a crucian carp; Heisanleng resembles a dried plum and is light. However, Hongpu Gen is extremely hard and heavy, carved into shape, obscuring its natural form. Its leaves are flat and stems round, lacking triangular features, making the name "Sanleng" (Three-edged) puzzling. Current Sanleng typically has two lateral roots branching out, without straight downward roots. Its shape largely resembles a crucian carp.