\r商陆\ph284.bmp\r，俗名章柳根。生咸阳山谷，今处处有之，多生于人家园圃中。
春生苗，高三、四尺；
叶青如牛舌而长；茎青赤，至柔脆；夏秋开红紫花，作朵；根如芦菔而长。八月、九月内采
根，曝干。其用归表。古方术家多用之，亦可单服。五月五日采根，竹 盛，挂屋东北角，
阴干百日，捣筛，井华水调服，云神仙所秘法。喉中卒披毒瓦斯攻痛者，切根炙令热，隔布熨
之，冷辄易，立愈。其花，主人心 塞，多忘喜误，取花阴干百日，捣末，日暮水服方寸匕
，卧思念所欲事，即于眼中自觉。《尔雅》谓之 荡，《广雅》谓之马尾。《易》谓之苋陆
。皆谓此商陆也。然有赤白二种∶花赤者根赤，花白者根白。赤者不入药，服食用白者。又
一种名赤菖，苗叶绝相类，不可用服之，伤筋消肾，须细辨之。
\r鹤虱\ph285.bmp\r，生西戎，今江淮、衡湘间皆有之。春生苗，叶皱似紫苏，大而
尖长，不光；茎高二尺
许；七月生黄白花，似菊；八月结实，子极尖细，干即黄黑色。采无时。南人呼其叶为火
。谨按 （音 ）即火 也，虽花实相类，而别是一物，不可杂用也。杀虫方中，此为最
要
。《古今录验》∶疗蛔咬心痛，取鹤虱十两，捣筛蜜和，丸如梧子，以蜜汤空腹吞四十丸。
日增至五十丸。忌酒肉。韦云患心痛十年不瘥，于杂方内见，合服便愈。李绛《兵部手集方
》，治小儿蛔虫啮心腹痛，亦单用鹤虱细研，以肥猪肉汁下。五岁一服二分，虫出便止，余
以意增减。
商陆，俗名章柳根。生长在咸阳的山谷中，如今各地都有，多生长在人家的菜园里。
春天生出苗茎，高三、四尺；
叶子青色像牛舌一样长；茎秆青红色，非常柔脆；夏秋季节开红紫色的花，成簇开放；根部像萝卜一样长。八月、九月间采集
根部，晒干。其药用部分归入表皮（指外用或特定炮制后使用）。古代方术之士多用此药，也可以单味服用。五月五日采集根部，用竹筒盛装，挂在房屋东北角，
阴干一百天，捣碎过筛，用清晨第一次打的井水调服，据说是神仙所秘传的方法。咽喉中突然遭受毒瓦斯攻冲疼痛的人，切取根部烤热，隔着布熨烫患处，变冷就更换，立刻痊愈。它的花，主治人心胸堵塞，健忘且容易出错，取花阴干一百天，研成粉末，傍晚用水送服一方寸匕的量，躺下思念所想的事情，就会在眼中自觉有反应。《尔雅》称它为荡，《广雅》称它为马尾。《易经》称它为苋陆。说的都是这种商陆。然而有赤白两种：花是红色的根也是红色，花是白色的根也是白色。红色的不入药，食用和药用都用白色的。又有一种名叫赤菖，苗叶极其相似，不可用来服用，服用后会损伤筋骨、消损肾气，必须仔细辨别。
鹤虱，生长在西戎地区，如今江淮、衡湘之间都有。春天生出苗茎，叶子皱缩像紫苏，大而
尖长，不光滑；茎高二尺
左右；七月开黄白色的花，像菊花；八月结果实，种子极尖细，干燥后即呈黄黑色。采集没有固定时间。南方人叫它的叶子为火
。谨按（音）即火也，虽然花和果实相似，但是另一种植物，不能混合使用。在杀虫的方剂中，这是最重要的。《古今录验》：治疗蛔虫咬噬引起的心痛，取鹤虱十两，捣碎过筛后用蜂蜜调和，做成梧桐子大小的丸药，空腹时用蜜汤吞服四十丸。每天增加到五十丸。忌食酒肉。韦云患心痛十年不好，在杂方中看到此方，配合服用便痊愈了。李绛《兵部手集方》，治疗小儿蛔虫啃咬心腹疼痛，也单用鹤虱细细研磨，用肥猪肉汁送服。五岁儿童一次服用二分，虫子出来就停止，其余用量凭心意增减。
**Phytolacca Radix (Shanglu)**, commonly known as Zhangliu Gen. It grows in the valleys of Xianyang and is now found everywhere, mostly cultivated in household gardens.
In spring, it produces seedlings three to four chi high;
The leaves are green, long, and resemble ox tongues; the stems are greenish-red and extremely brittle; in summer and autumn, it bears clusters of reddish-purple flowers; the root is long like a radish. The roots are harvested in August and September and sun-dried. Its medicinal use pertains to the exterior (or specific topical application). Ancient alchemists frequently used it, and it can also be taken as a single herb. On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, harvest the roots, store them in bamboo containers, hang them in the northeast corner of the house, and dry them in the shade for one hundred days. Then, pound and sieve them, and take with well water drawn at dawn. This is said to be a secret method preserved by immortals. For those suffering from sudden pain in the throat caused by toxic vapors, slice the root, heat it, and apply it to the affected area through a cloth using moxibustion-like heat therapy; replace when cool, and relief will be immediate. The flowers treat chest oppression in the heart, forgetfulness, and propensity for errors. Take the flowers, dry them in the shade for one hundred days, grind into powder, and ingest one cun cube with water at dusk. Lie down and contemplate desired matters, and one will perceive a sensation in the eyes. *Erya* calls it Dang, *Guangya* calls it Mawei, and the *I Ching* calls it Xianlu. All refer to this Phytolacca. However, there are red and white varieties: those with red flowers have red roots, and those with white flowers have white roots. The red variety is not used in medicine; the white variety is used for both consumption and medicinal purposes. Another variety named Chichang has seedlings and leaves that are extremely similar but should not be consumed, as it damages tendons and depletes kidney essence; careful distinction is required.
**Herba Carpesii (Heshi)** grows in the Western Regions and is now found throughout the Jianghuai and Hengxiang areas. In spring, it produces seedlings with wrinkled leaves resembling Perilla frutescens (Zisu), large, pointed, elongated, and rough; the stems are about two chi high; in July, it bears yellowish-white flowers resembling chrysanthemum; in August, it fruits, producing seeds that are extremely sharp and fine, turning yellowish-black when dried. It can be harvested at any time. Southerners call its leaves Huo. According to records, [phonetic character] is indeed Huo; although the flowers and fruits appear similar, they are distinct species and must not be mixed. Among antiparasitic formulas, this is the most crucial. *Gujin Luyan*: To treat heart pain caused by roundworm biting, take ten liang of Herba Carpesii, pound and sieve it, mix with honey, and form pills the size of wetas (Wuzi). Swallow forty pills on an empty stomach with honeyed water. Increase daily to fifty pills. Avoid alcohol and meat. Wei Yun suffered from heart pain for ten years without cure; upon seeing this formula among miscellaneous prescriptions, he combined and took it, resulting in recovery. Li Jiang's *Bingbu Shouji Fang*: To treat children's abdominal pain caused by roundworms biting the heart and abdomen, use Herba Carpesii alone, finely ground, administered with juice from fatty pork. A five-year-old child takes two fen per dose; stop once the worms are expelled. Other dosages may be adjusted according to judgment.