\r泽泻\ph84.bmp\r，生汝南池泽，今山东、河陕、江淮亦有之，以汉中者为佳。春生
苗，多在浅水中。叶
似牛舌草，独茎而长；秋时开白花，作丛，似谷精草。五月、六月、八月采根，阴干。今人
秋末采，曝干用。此物极易朽蠹，常须密藏之。汉中出者，形大而长，尾间有两岐最佳。《
尔雅》谓之 （羊朱切），一名 （与舄同，私夕切）。《素问》∶身热解堕，汗出如浴，恶风
少气，名曰酒风。治之以泽泻、术各十分，麋衔五分，合以二指撮，为后饭。后饭者，饭后
药先，谓之后饭。张仲景治杂病心下有支饮，苦冒，泽泻汤主之。泽泻五两，术二两，水二
升，煎取半升，分温再服。治伤寒有大、小泽泻汤，五苓散辈，皆用泽泻，行利停水为最要
。深师治支饮，亦同用泽泻、术，但煮法小别。先以水二升，煮二物，取一升。又以水一升
，煮泽泻，取五合，合此二汁，分为再服。病甚欲眩者，服之必瘥。仙方亦单服泽泻一物，
捣筛，取末，水调，日分服六两，百日体轻，久而健行。
\r薯蓣\ph85.bmp\r，生嵩高山山谷，今处处有之，以北都、四明者为佳。春生苗，蔓
延篱援；茎紫，叶青
有三尖角，似牵牛，更浓而光泽；夏开细白花，大类枣花；秋生实于叶间，状如铃。二月、
八月采根，今人冬春采，刮之白色者为上，青黑者不堪，曝干用之。法取粗根，刮去黄皮，
以水浸，末白矾少许糁水中，经宿取净，洗去涎，焙干。近都人种之极有息。春取宿根头，
以黄沙和牛粪作畦种。苗生，以竹梢作援，援高不得过一、二尺，夏月频溉之。当年可食，
极肥美。南中有一种，生山中，根细如指，极紧实，刮磨入汤煮之，作块不散，味更珍美，
云食之尤益人，过于家园种者。又江湖、闽中出一种，根如姜、芋之类而皮紫。极有大者，
一枚可重斤余，刮去皮，煎、煮食之俱美。但性冷于北地者耳。彼土人单呼为 （音若殊），
亦曰山 。而《山海经》云∶景山，北望少泽，其草多 （音与薯预同）。郭璞注云∶根
似芋，可食。今江南人单呼 （音储），语或有轻重耳。据此注，则薯蓣与 乃一种。南北
之产
泽泻，生长在汝南的池沼湿地，现在山东、河陕、江淮地区也有生长，以汉中出产的质量最佳。春天生出苗株，多生长在浅水中。叶子像牛舌草，茎干单独且长；秋天开白花，成丛生长，类似谷精草。五月、六月、八月采集根部，阴干。现在的人多在秋末采集，晒干使用。这种药材极易腐烂生虫，必须经常密封储藏。汉中出产的，形体大而长，尾部有两个分叉的为最佳。《尔雅》称它为“䕬”（羊朱切），又名“𦞦”（与“舄”同字，私夕切）。《素问》记载：身体发热、肢体懈怠无力、出汗如洗澡般、怕风、气短，称为酒风。治疗用泽泻、白术各十分，麋衔五分，混合后用两指撮取的量，在饭后服用。“后饭”的意思是，先吃药后吃饭，叫做后饭。张仲景治疗杂病中心下有支饮（水饮停聚于心下），苦于头目昏眩，用泽泻汤主治。泽泻五两，白术二两，水二升，煎煮取半升，分两次温服。治疗伤寒有大、小泽泻汤，以及五苓散之类方剂，都使用泽泻，其行水利湿的作用最为重要。《深师方》治疗支饮，也同样使用泽泻和白术，只是煎煮方法略有不同。先用二升水煮这两种药，取一升汁液。再用一升水，单独煮泽泻，取五合汁液，将这两份汁液混合，分两次服用。病情严重想要眩晕的，服用后必定痊愈。仙方中也单用泽泻一味药，捣碎筛粉，用水调服，每天分次服用六两，一百天后身体轻盈，久服行走轻健。
薯蓣，生长在嵩高山的山谷中，现在到处都有生长，以北都、四明出产的质量最佳。春天生出苗株，藤蔓蔓延依附篱笆；茎是紫色的，叶子青色有三个尖角，像牵牛花，更浓密而有光泽；夏天开细小的白花，大类像枣花；秋天在叶间结出果实，形状像铃铛。二月、八月采集根部，现在的人多在冬春采集，刮去外皮呈白色的为上品，青黑色的不堪用，晒干使用。炮制方法是选取粗根，刮去黄皮，用水浸泡，加入少许白矾粉末撒入水中，过夜后取出洗净，洗去黏液，焙干。靠近京城的人种植它非常繁茂。春天取宿根的根头，用黄沙和牛粪做成畦垄种植。苗长出后，用竹梢做支架，支架高度不超过一、二尺，夏季频繁灌溉。当年即可食用，非常肥美。南方有一种，生长在山中，根细如手指，极其紧实，刮磨后放入汤中煮，结成块不散，味道更加珍美，据说吃了尤其对人有益，超过家园种植的。又江湖、闽中出产一种，根像姜、芋之类而皮紫。有极大的，一枚可重一斤多，刮去皮，煎、煮食都很美味。但性质比北方的要寒凉一些。当地百姓单呼为“𦞦”（音若殊），也叫“山𦞦”。而《山海经》说：景山，向北望见少泽，那里的草多是“𦞦”（音与薯预同）。郭璞注释说：根像芋头，可以吃。现在江南人单呼为“储”（音储），语音可能有轻重之分罢了。根据这个注释，则薯蓣与“𦞦”是一种。南北所产的
Alisma (Zexie), grows in the ponds and marshes of Runan; it is now also found in Shandong, Heshan, and Jianghuai regions, with those from Hanzhong being considered the best. Sprouts emerge in spring, mostly growing in shallow water. The leaves resemble those of *Plantago asiatica* (Niushe Cao), with a single, long stem; white flowers bloom in autumn, growing in clusters, resembling *Eleocharis pellucida* (Gujing Cao). The roots are harvested in May, June, and August, and dried in the shade. Currently, people harvest them at the end of autumn and dry them in the sun. This herb is prone to rotting and insect damage and must be stored tightly sealed. Those from Hanzhong are large and long, with two forked tips at the tail end, which are considered the best. *Erya* refers to it as "Chang" (yang zhu qie), also known as "Xi" (same as Xi, si xi qie). *Suwen* states: "Body heat, flaccidity, sweating profusely like bathing, aversion to wind, and shortness of breath are called Jiufeng (Wind caused by alcohol)." It is treated with Alisma (Zexie) and Atractylodes macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu), each ten parts, and Elsholtzia splendens Herba (Mixian) five parts, mixed and taken in an amount pinched between two fingers, administered after meals. "After meals" means taking the medicine before eating rice. Zhang Zhongjing treats miscellaneous diseases where fluid retention accumulates under the heart (Zhiyin), causing distressing dizziness, using Zexie Tang (Alisma Decoction). Alisma (Zexie) five liang, Atractylodes macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu) two liang, two sheng of water, decocted to obtain half a sheng, divided into two warm doses. For treating Shanghan (Cold Damage), there are Da Zexie Tang (Large Alisma Decoction) and Xiao Zexie Tang (Small Alisma Decoction), as well as Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria), all of which use Alisma (Zexie); its ability to promote urination and stop water retention is paramount. *Shenshi Fang* also uses Alisma (Zexie) and Atractylodes macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu) for Zhiyin, but the decoction method differs slightly. First, boil the two herbs in two sheng of water to obtain one sheng. Then, boil Alisma (Zexie) separately in one sheng of water to obtain five he. Mix these two juices and divide into two doses. For severe cases with impending vertigo, administration will surely cure it. Immortal prescriptions also use only Alisma (Zexie), pounded and sifted into powder, mixed with water and taken in divided doses totaling six liang daily; after one hundred days, the body feels light, and long-term use enhances mobility.
Dioscorea opposita (Shuyu), grows in the valleys of Mount Songgao; it is now widely available, with those from Beidu and Siming being the best. Sprouts emerge in spring, creeping along fences; the stems are purple, leaves are green with three pointed angles, resembling *Ipomoea batatas* (Qianniu), but denser and glossier; small white flowers bloom in summer, similar to jujube flowers; fruits resembling bells form among the leaves in autumn. Roots are harvested in February and August, though currently people harvest them in winter and spring. Those scraped to reveal white flesh are superior; those that are green or black are inferior. They are dried in the sun. The processing method involves selecting thick roots, scraping off the yellow skin, soaking in water, adding a little powdered alum (Bai Fan) to the water, leaving overnight, then taking out, washing clean to remove slime, and baking dry. People near the capital cultivate it very successfully. In spring, take the heads of perennial roots, mix with yellow sand and cow dung to make beds for planting. When shoots emerge, use bamboo tips as supports, not exceeding one or two chi in height, irrigate frequently in summer. Edible in the same year, extremely plump and delicious. There is a variety in the south growing in mountains, with roots thin as fingers, extremely firm; when scraped and boiled in soup, they form solid chunks without disintegrating, tasting even more exquisite. It is said to be particularly beneficial to consume, surpassing cultivated varieties. Another variety from the Jianghu and Min regions has roots like ginger or taro with purple skin. Some are very large, weighing over a jin per piece; peeled, they are delicious whether boiled or stewed. However, their nature is colder than those from the north. Local people there call it simply "Shu" (sound like Shu), also referred to as "Mountain Shu". *Shan Hai Jing* states: "Looking north from Jing Mountain towards Shaoze, the grasses there are mostly 'Shu' (sound same as Shuyu)." Guo Pu annotates: "Roots resemble taro, edible." Currently, people in Jiangnan call it simply "Chu" (sound Chu), likely due to variations in pronunciation. Based on this annotation, Dioscorea opposita (Shuyu) and "Shu" are the same species. Varieties produced in the north and south...