\r猪苓\ph333.bmp\r，生衡山山谷及济阴冤句，今蜀州、眉州亦有之。旧说是枫木苓，
今则不必枫根下，乃
有生土底，皮黑作块，似猪粪，故以名之。又名地乌桃。二月、八月采阴干，削去皮，肉白
而实者佳。《庄子》谓之豕橐。司马彪注云∶一名苓，根似猪矢，治渴。张仲景治伤寒诸病
在脏加渴者，猪苓汤主之。猪苓、茯苓、泽泻、滑石、阿胶各一两，以水四升，煮四物，取
二升，内胶，每服七合，日三。呕而思水者亦主之。又治消渴脉浮，小便不利，微热者，猪
苓散发其汗。病欲饮之而复吐之，为水逆，冬时寒剽如疟状，亦与猪苓散，此即五苓散也。
猪
苓、术、茯苓各三分，泽泻五分，桂二分，细捣筛，水服方寸匕，日三。多饮暖水，汗出即
愈。利水道诸汤剂，无若此快，今人皆用之。又黄胆病及狐惑病，并猪苓散主之。猪苓、茯
苓、术等分，杵末，每服方寸匕，与水调下。今施州有一种刺猪苓，蔓生。春夏采根；削皮
，焙干，彼土人用傅疮毒殊效。云味甘、性凉，无毒。
\r 竹、淡竹、苦竹\ph335.bmp\r，《本经》并不载所出州土，今处处有之。竹之类甚
多，而入药者，惟此
三种，人多不能尽别。谨按《竹谱》∶ 字音斤，其竹坚而促节，体圆而质劲，皮白如霜，
大者宜刺船，细者可为笛。苦竹有白有紫。甘竹似篁而茂，即淡竹也。然今之刺船者，多用
桂竹。作笛别有一种，亦不名 竹。苦竹亦有二种∶一种出江西及闽中，本极粗大，笋味殊
苦，不可啖；一种出江浙，近地亦时有，肉浓而叶长阔，笋微有
苦味，俗呼甜苦笋，食品所最贵者，亦不闻入药用。淡竹肉薄，节间有粉，南人以烧竹沥者
，医家只用此一品，与《竹谱》所说大同而小异也。竹实今不复用，亦稀有之。
猪苓，生长在衡山的山谷以及济阴郡的冤句县，现在蜀州、眉州也有出产。过去说是枫木下的茯苓（一种寄生在树根上的菌核），现在则不一定生在枫树根下，而是生长在土壤底部，外皮黑色结成块状，形状像猪粪，因此得名。又名地乌桃。二月和八月采集后阴干，削去外皮，肉质白色且质地坚实的为佳。《庄子》中称之为豕橐。司马彪注释说：一名苓，根部形状像猪屎，能治疗口渴。张仲景治疗伤寒各类疾病中，病邪入脏并出现口渴症状的，用猪苓汤主治。猪苓、茯苓、泽泻、滑石、阿胶各一两，用水四升，煮前四味药，取汁二升，加入阿胶烊化，每次服用七合，每日三次。呕吐且想喝水的患者也适用此方。又用于治疗消渴症见脉浮、小便不利、微有发热的情况，猪苓散能通过发汗来解表。病人想喝水却喝下去就吐出来，这叫水逆证，冬季时寒战剧烈如疟疾发作，也用猪苓散治疗，这就是五苓散。猪苓、白术、茯苓各三分，泽泻五分，桂枝二分，捣碎过筛，用水送服一方寸匕的药粉，每日三次。服药后多喝暖水，出汗即愈。利水通道的各种汤剂，没有比这个更迅速的，现在人们都使用它。另外黄疸病和狐惑病，也都用猪苓散主治。猪苓、茯苓、白术等量，研成粉末，每次服用一方寸匕，用水调服。现在施州有一种刺猪苓，呈蔓生状态。春夏季节采集根部；削去外皮，焙干，当地百姓用它外敷疮毒，效果显著。据说味甘、性凉，无毒。
竹、淡竹、苦竹，《神农本草经》并未记载它们生长的具体州土，现在到处都有。竹的种类很多，但入药用的只有这三种，人们大多不能完全区分。谨按《竹谱》记载：字音斤（指某种竹子），这种竹子坚硬且有密集的节，形体圆而质地刚劲，皮白如霜，大的适合用来造船或撑船，细的可以做笛子。苦竹有白色和紫色两种。甘竹类似篁竹且茂盛，就是淡竹。然而现在用来造船的，多用桂竹。制作笛子的另有种类，也不叫字音斤的竹。苦竹也有两种：一种产自江西及闽中，主干极其粗大，笋味道极苦，不可食用；一种产自江浙，近处偶尔也有，肉质厚实叶子长阔，笋略带苦味，俗称甜苦笋，是食品中最珍贵的，但也未曾听说入药。淡竹肉质薄，节间有粉，南方人用来烧制竹沥，医家只使用这一种，与《竹谱》所说大体相同略有差异。竹实现在不再使用，也很稀有。
Zhu Ling (Polyporus), growing in the valleys of Mount Heng and Yuanju County, Ji Yin Commandery; it is also found now in Shu Zhou and Mei Zhou. It was formerly believed to be Polyporus under maple trees, but now it is not necessarily found under maple roots; rather, it grows at the bottom of the soil, with a black skin forming lumps resembling pig dung, hence its name. It is also called Di Wu Tao (Earth Black Peach). Collected in February and August and dried in the shade, those with white flesh and solid texture are superior. The *Zhuangzi* refers to it as Shi Tuo (Pig Bladder). Sima Bao’s annotation states: "Also known as Ling, the root resembles pig feces and treats thirst." Zhang Zhongjing used Zhu Ling Tang (Polyporus Decoction) as the primary treatment for various cold damage diseases where pathogenic factors entered the Zang organs accompanied by thirst. Zhu Ling (Polyporus), Fu Ling (Poria), Ze Xie (Alisma), Hua Shi (Talcum), and E Jiao (Donkey-hide Gelatin) are each used in amounts of one liang. Boil the first four ingredients in four sheng of water until two sheng remain, then dissolve the gelatin. Take seven he per dose, three times daily. It is also indicated for patients who vomit and desire water. Furthermore, it treats Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst syndrome) presenting with floating pulse, difficulty in urination, and slight fever; Zhu Ling San (Polyporus Powder) induces sweating to release the exterior. When a patient desires water but vomits immediately after drinking, this is termed Shui Ni (Water Reversal); during winter, when chills are severe resembling malaria, Zhu Ling San is also administered. This formula is actually Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria). Zhu Ling (Polyporus), Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), and Fu Ling (Poria) are each used in proportions of three fen, Ze Xie (Alisma) five fen, and Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig) two fen. These are finely ground and sifted. Administer one fang cun bi (a square-inch measure) with water, three times daily. Drink plenty of warm water after administration; recovery occurs upon sweating. Among all decoctions that promote water metabolism, none acts more rapidly than this; it is currently widely used. Additionally, Huang Dan (Jaundice) and Hu Huo Bing (Fox-like Disease, referring to oral/genital ulcers) are both treated with Zhu Ling San (Polyporus Powder). Zhu Ling (Polyporus), Fu Ling (Poria), and Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) are used in equal parts, pounded into powder. Take one fang cun bi per dose, mixed with water. In Shi Zhou, there is a variety called Ci Zhu Ling (Spiny Polyporus), which grows as a vine. Its roots are collected in spring and summer, peeled, and baked dry. Local people use it externally for sores and toxins with remarkable effect. It is said to have a sweet taste, cool nature, and no toxicity.
Ci Zhu Ling (Spiny Polyporus): Textual description is provided under the entry for Zhu Ling.
Zhu (Bamboo), Dan Zhu (Light Bamboo), Ku Zhu (Bitter Bamboo): The *Shennong Bencao Jing* does not record their specific origins. They are found everywhere. There are many varieties of bamboo, but only these three types are used in medicine, yet most people cannot distinguish them completely. According to the *Zhu Pu* (Record of Bamboo): [Character pronounced 'jin'], this bamboo is hard with dense nodes, round in shape and tough in texture, with bark white as frost. Large stems are suitable for boat-building or punting, while thin ones can be made into flutes. Ku Zhu (Bitter Bamboo) comes in white and purple varieties. Gan Zhu (Sweet Bamboo) resembles Huang Zhu (Huang Bamboo) and is lush; it is also known as Dan Zhu (Light Bamboo). However, nowadays, Gui Zhu (Cassia Bamboo) is mostly used for boat-building. There is another type used for making flutes, which is not named [Character pronounced 'jin']. Ku Zhu (Bitter Bamboo) has two varieties: one originates from Jiangxi and Minzhong, with very thick stems and shoots that are extremely bitter and inedible; the other originates from Jiangsu and Zhejiang, occasionally found nearby, with thick flesh and broad leaves. The shoots have a slight bitterness, commonly called Tian Ku Sun (Sweet-Bitter Shoots), highly prized as food, but rarely recorded for medicinal use. Dan Zhu (Light Bamboo) has thin flesh and powder between the nodes. Southerners use it to produce Zhu Li (Bamboo Sap). Physicians use only this single variety, which largely corresponds to the description in the *Zhu Pu*, with minor differences. Zhu Shi (Bamboo Seeds) are no longer used and are rare.