\r荭草\ph199.bmp\r，即水红也，旧不着所出州郡，云生水旁，今所在下湿地皆有之。
似蓼而叶大，赤白色
，高丈余。《尔雅》云∶红，笼古。其大者，（ 丘追切）。郑诗云∶隰有游龙是也。陆机云
∶一名马蓼。《本经》云∶似马蓼而大。若然，马蓼自是一种也。五月采实，今亦稀用。但
取
根茎作汤，捋香港脚耳。
\r海藻\ph200.bmp\r，生东海池泽，今出登、莱诸州海中。凡水中皆有藻。《周南诗》
云∶于以采藻，于沼
于是也。陆机云∶藻，水草，生水底。有二种∶一种叶如鸡苏，茎如箸，长四、五尺；一
种茎如钗股，叶如蓬蒿，谓之聚藻，扶风人谓之藻聚，为发声也。二藻皆可食，熟 其腥气
，米面糁蒸为茹，甚佳美，荆杨人饥荒以当谷食。今谓海藻者，乃是海中所生，根着水底石
上，黑色如乱发而粗大少许，叶类水藻而大，谓之大叶藻。《本经》云∶主瘿瘤是也。海人
以绳系腰，没水下刈得之，旋系绳上。又有一种马尾藻，生浅水中，状如短马尾，细黑色，
此主水 ，下水用之。陶隐居云∶《尔雅》所谓纶似纶，组似组，东海有之。今青苔紫菜，
皆似纶。昆布亦似组，恐即是此也。而陈藏器乃谓纶组，正谓此二藻也。谨按《本经》∶海
藻一名 。而《尔雅》谓 为石衣，又谓 （徒南切）名海 （与藻同），是海藻自有此二
名，
而注释皆以为药草，谓纶组乃别草。若然隐居所云∶似近之藏器之说，亦未可的据。又注释
以石衣为水苔，一名石发，石发即陟厘也，色类似苔而粗涩为异。又云 叶似 （音薤）而
大
，生海底。且陟厘下自有条，味性功用与海藻全别。又生江南池泽，乃是水中青苔，古人用
以为纸，亦青黄色，今注以为石发是也。然则 与 皆是海藻之名，石发别是一类无疑也。
昆布，今亦出登、莱诸州，功用乃与海藻相近也。陶又云∶凡海中菜，皆疗瘿瘤结气，青苔
紫菜辈亦然。又有石帆如柏、主石淋。水松如松，主溪毒。《吴都赋》所谓草则石帆、水松
。刘渊林注云∶石帆生海屿石上，草类也，无叶，高尺许。其华离楼相贯连，死则浮水中，
人于海边得之，稀有见其生者。水松药草，生水中，出南海交趾是也。紫菜，附石生海上，
正青，取干之，则紫色，南海有之。东海又有一种海带，似海藻而粗且长。登州人取干之，
柔韧可以系束物。医家用下水，速于海藻、昆布之类。石发，今人亦干之作菜，以齑 啖之
尤美。青苔，可以作脯食之，皆利人。苔之类，又有井中苔，生废井中，并井蓝，皆主热毒
。又上有垣衣条云∶生古垣墙阴。苏恭云∶即古墙北阴青苔衣也。生石上者，名昔邪。屋上
生者，名屋游。大抵主疗略同。陆龟蒙《苔赋》云∶高有瓦松，卑有泽葵，散岩窦者曰石发
，补空田者曰垣衣，在屋曰昔邪，在药曰陟厘是也。瓦松，生古瓦屋上，若松子，作层。泽
葵，凫葵也。虽曰异类，而皆感瓦石而生，故陆推类而云耳。今人罕复用之，故但附见于此
。瓦松，即下条昨叶荷草也。《广志》谓之兰香。段成式云∶或言构木上多松，栽土木气泄
，则生瓦松，然亦不
必尔。今医家或用作女子行经络药。陟厘，古方治虚冷下痢最要。范汪治腹中留饮，有海藻
丸。又有瘿酒方，用海藻一斤，绢袋盛，以清酒二升浸，春夏二日，秋冬三日，一服两合，
日三。酒尽，更合饮之如前，滓聚干，末，服方寸匕，日三。不过两剂皆瘥。《广济》疗气
膀胱急妨宜下气昆布 法∶高丽昆布一斤，白米泔浸一宿，洗去咸味，以水一斗，煮令向熟
，擘长三寸，阔四、五分，仍取葱白一握，二寸切断，擘之，更煮，令昆布极烂，仍下盐、
酢、豉、糁调和，一依 法，不得令咸酸，以生姜、橘皮、椒末等调和，宜食粱米、粳米饭
。海藻亦依此法，极下气，大效。无所忌。
荭草，就是水红。旧籍中未记载其出产的州郡，只说生长在水边，如今在各地的低湿之地都有生长。
它形状像蓼草但叶子更大，花色赤白相间，植株高达一丈多。《尔雅》中说：红，通“笼古”。其中较大的品种，读音为“丘追切”。郑玄注《诗经》时说：“隰有游龙”指的就是这种植物。陆机说：又名马蓼。《神农本草经》说：像马蓼但体型较大。如果这样说的话，马蓼自然是另一种植物了。五月采集果实，如今也很少使用。只是取根茎煮汤，用来洗治香港脚（足部肿胀疼痛之症）罢了。
海藻，生长在东海的池泽中，如今出产于登州、莱州等地的海中。凡是水中都有藻类。《诗经·周南》中说：“于以采藻，于沼于沚”，指的就是这个。陆机说：藻是水生植物，生长在水底。有两种：一种叶子像鸡苏（唇形科植物），茎像筷子，长四五尺；另一种茎像发钗股，叶子像蓬蒿，称为聚藻，扶风人称之为藻聚，这是从发音上命名的。这两种藻都可以食用，煮熟后去除了腥气，用米面拌蒸做成菜肴，味道非常鲜美，荆杨地区的人在饥荒时把它当作粮食吃。现在所说的海藻，乃是海中生长的，根部附着在水底的石头上，黑色比乱发稍粗大一些，叶子像水藻但更大，称为大叶藻。《神农本草经》说：主治瘿瘤（甲状腺肿大等颈部肿块）。海人以绳子系在腰上，潜入水下割取，随即把海藻系在绳子上。又有一种马尾藻，生长在浅水中，形状像短马尾，细黑，这种主要治疗水肿，用于利水消肿。陶弘景说：《尔雅》中所说的“纶似纶，组似组，东海有之”。现在的青苔和紫菜，都像纶。昆布也像组，恐怕就是这种东西。而陈藏器却说“纶”和“组”正是指这两种藻。我仔细考证《神农本草经》：海藻一名“莕菜”（此处原文缺字或异体，据上下文推测指代某种海藻别名，暂译作海藻别名）。而《尔雅》称“莕”为石衣，又称“䓖”（徒南切）名为海䓖（与藻同义），这说明海藻本来就有这两个名字，而注释者都将其视为药草，认为纶和组是别的草。如果这样，陶隐居所说的说法接近陈藏器的观点，但也未必有确凿依据。另外，注释者将石衣解释为水苔，又名石发，石发就是陟厘，颜色类似苔藓但质地粗糙涩手是不同的。又说䓖的叶子像薤（小根蒜）但更大，生长在海底。而且陟厘在下文自有条目，其味、性、功用与海藻完全不同。又生长在江南池泽中的，乃是水中的青苔，古人用它来造纸，也是青黄色，现在的注释认为这就是石发。然而，“莕”与“䓖”都是海藻的名称，石发绝对是另一类植物无疑。昆布，如今也出产于登州、莱州等地，功用与海藻相近。陶弘景又说：凡海中的蔬菜，都能治疗瘿瘤结气，青苔、紫菜之类也是如此。又有石帆像柏树，主治石淋（泌尿系结石）。水松像松树，主治溪毒（山间湿热毒邪）。《吴都赋》中说：“草则石帆、水松”。刘渊林注释说：石帆生长在海岛岩石上，是草本植物，没有叶子，高一尺左右。它的花错落相连，死后漂浮在水中，人在海边得到它，很少有见到它活着的。水松是药草，生长在水中，出产于南海交趾等地。紫菜，附着石头生长在海上，新鲜时呈青色，晒干后变成紫色，南海有出产。东海又有一种海带，像海藻但更粗更长。登州人将其晒干，柔韧可以用来捆绑物品。医家用它来利水消肿，效果快于海藻、昆布之类。石发，如今人们也晒干做菜，配上腌菜汁食用尤其美味。青苔，可以制成干脯食用，都对人有好处。苔类之中，又有井中苔，生长在废弃的井中，以及井蓝，都主治热毒。另外上文有垣衣条云：生长在古老墙垣的背阴处。苏恭说：就是古墙北面的青苔衣。生长在石头上的，名叫昔邪。生长在屋顶上的，名叫屋游。大体上主治功效大致相同。陆龟蒙《苔赋》说：高处有瓦松，低处有泽葵，散布在岩洞里的叫石发，填补空田的叫垣衣，在屋顶的叫昔邪，在药用上的叫陟厘。瓦松，生长在古老的瓦房屋顶上，像松子一样，层层叠生。泽葵，就是凫葵。虽然说是不同的种类，但都感应瓦石之气而生，所以陆龟蒙推论这样说罢了。如今人们很少再使用它们，所以只是附记在这里。瓦松，就是下条提到的昨叶荷草。《广志》称之为兰香。段成式说：有人说屋檐木头上多有松脂，栽种土木导致气泄，就会生出瓦松，但这也不一定。如今医家有时将其用作女子通经活血的药物。陟厘，古代方剂治疗虚寒性下痢非常重要。范汪治疗腹中留饮，有用海藻丸。又有瘿酒方，用海藻一斤，用绢袋盛装，用清酒二升浸泡，春夏两天，秋冬三天，一次服用两合，每天三次。酒喝完，再按前面方法配制饮用，残渣聚集晾干，研末，每次服用方寸匕，每天三次。不超过两个疗程都能痊愈。《广济方》治疗气滞膀胱急迫、妨碍下气的昆布法：高丽昆布一斤，用白米泔水浸泡一夜，洗去咸味，用水一斗，煮到将近熟透，撕成长三寸、宽四至五分的条，仍取葱白一把，切成二寸长的段，撕开，再煮，直到昆布极烂，然后加入盐、醋、豆豉、米粉调和，完全依照前述方法，不要让它太咸酸，用生姜、橘皮、椒末等调和，适宜搭配粱米、粳米饭食用。海藻也依照此法，极能下气，效果显著。没有禁忌。
Hongcao (Mimosa pudica / Water Red), also known as Shuihong, was not recorded in older texts regarding its specific place of origin, but it is said to grow near water. Currently, it is found in low-lying wet areas everywhere. It resembles Polygonum (Knotweed) but has larger leaves, with reddish-white flowers, and grows over a zhang (approx. 3.3 meters) tall. The *Erya* states: "Hong" is synonymous with "Longgu". The larger variety is pronounced "Qiu Zhui Qie". Zheng Xuan's commentary on the *Book of Songs* mentions: "In the marshes there are wandering dragons," referring to this plant. Lu Ji stated: it is also called Maliao (Horse Knotweed). The *Shennong Benjing* states: it resembles Maliao but is larger. If so, Maliao is naturally a distinct species. Its seeds are harvested in the fifth month, though they are rarely used nowadays. Instead, the roots and stems are boiled into a decoction to wash Hong Kong Foot (podagra or severe foot swelling/pain).
Haizao (Sargassum), grows in the pools and marshes of the East Sea, and is currently produced in the seas of Dengzhou and Laizhou prefectures. Algae exist in all waters. The *Book of Songs · Zhou Nan* states: "Where to gather algae? In the ponds and islets," referring to this. Lu Ji stated: Algae are aquatic plants growing at the bottom of water. There are two types: one has leaves like Plectranthus amboinicus (Jisu) and stems like chopsticks, four to five chi long; the other has stems like hairpin shafts and leaves like Artemisia argyi (Panghai), called Juzao (Clustered Algae), and people in Fufeng call it Zaoju, named for its pronunciation. Both types are edible; when cooked to remove the fishy smell, steamed with rice flour, they make excellent food, serving as a grain substitute during famines in Jingyang. The Haizao referred to today grows in the sea, with roots attached to stones at the bottom, black and slightly thicker than tangled hair, leaves resembling water algae but larger, called Dayezao (Large-leaved Algae). The *Shennong Benjing* states: it treats Yingliu (goiter/neck masses). Seafarers tie ropes around their waists, dive underwater to harvest them, and attach the algae to the rope. Another type, Maweizao (Horse-tail Algae), grows in shallow water, resembling a short horse tail, thin and black; it primarily treats edema and promotes urination. Tao Hongjing stated: The *Erya* mentions "Lun resembles Lun, Zu resembles Zu, found in the East Sea." Current Qingtai (Green Moss) and Zicai (Purple Laver) resemble Lun. Kunbu (Kelp) resembles Zu, likely being this substance. However, Chen Cangqi claimed that "Lun" and "Zu" precisely refer to these two algae. Upon careful examination of the *Shennong Benjing*: Haizao has an alias [missing character/variant]. The *Erya* calls [character] Shi Yi (Stone Garment), and also calls [character] (pronounced Tu Nan Qie) Hai [character] (same meaning as Zao), indicating Haizao originally had these two names. Commentators regarded them as medicinal herbs, considering Lun and Zu to be different grasses. Thus, Tao Hongjing's view aligns closely with Chen Cangqi's, though not definitively proven. Furthermore, commentators identified Shi Yi as Shuitai (Water Moss), also named Shifa (Stone Hair); Shifa is Zhili (Dzali), which looks similar to moss but is rougher. It is also stated that [character] leaves resemble Xie (Scallion/Garlic Chive) but are larger, growing on the seabed. Zhili has its own entry below, with flavor, nature, and efficacy completely different from Haizao. The green moss growing in Jiangnan pools is indeed water moss, used by ancients for papermaking, yellowish-green, now identified as Shifa. Therefore, [characters] are names for Haizao, while Shifa is undoubtedly a separate category. Kunbu is also produced in Dengzhou and Laizhou, with functions similar to Haizao. Tao further stated: All sea vegetables treat Yingliu and Qi stagnation; Qingtai and Zicai do likewise. Shifan (Stone Sail) resembles cypress and treats Shilin (lithiasis); Shuisong (Water Pine) resembles pine and treats Xidu (stream toxicity). The *Wu Du Fu* states: "Grasses include Shifan and Shuisong." Liu Yuanlin noted: Shifan grows on rocky islets, is herbaceous, leafless, about one chi high. Its flowers interlock; upon death, it floats. Rarely seen alive. Shuisong is a medicinal herb growing in water, produced in Jiaozhi, South Sea. Zicai grows attached to rocks in the sea, fresh green, turning purple when dried, found in the South Sea. In the East Sea, there is another kind, Haidai (Kelp/Dulse), resembling Haizao but thicker and longer. People in Dengzhou dry it; it is flexible and used for tying. Physicians use it to promote urination, acting faster than Haizao and Kunbu. Shifa is dried and eaten as a vegetable with pickled juice, very delicious. Qingtai can be made into dried provisions, both being beneficial. Among mosses, Jingzhong Tai (Well Moss) grows in abandoned wells, along with Jinglan, treating Heat-Toxin. The preceding entry on Yuanyi (Wall Clothing) states: grows in the shade of ancient walls. Su Gong said: it is the green moss on the north side of old walls. Those growing on stones are named Xiexie; those on roofs are named Wuyou. Their therapeutic effects are largely similar. Lu Guimeng's *Ode to Moss* states: High places have Wasong, low places have Zekui; scattered in rock caves is Shifa, filling empty fields is Yuanyi, on roofs is Xiexie, for medicine is Zhili. Wasong grows on old tiled roofs, resembling pine cones, layered. Zekui is Fukui (Duckweed). Though different species, they all grow sensing tile and stone energy, hence Lu's inference. Rarely used now, so merely appended here. Wasong is the same as Zeyehe Cao mentioned below. *Guangzhi* calls it Lanxiang. Duan Chengshi said: Some say pine resin on beams causes air leakage, generating Wasong, but this is not necessarily true. Physicians sometimes use it for women's menstrual regulation. Zhili is crucial in ancient formulas for treating deficiency-cold dysentery. Fan Wang's formula for abdominal fluid retention uses Haizao Wan. There is also a Goiter Wine Recipe: Haizao one jin, placed in a silk bag, soaked in two sheng of clear wine, for two days in spring/summer, three days in autumn/winter. Take two he per dose, three times daily. When wine is finished, prepare again. Dry the residue, powder it, take one Fang Cun Bi per dose, three times daily. Two courses suffice for cure. *Guangji Fang* method for treating Qi stagnation causing bladder urgency using Kunbu: Goryeo Kunbu one jin, soak overnight in white rice wash water, rinse to remove saltiness. Boil in ten dou of water until nearly cooked. Tear into strips three cun long, four to five fen wide. Add one握 (handful) of scallion whites, cut into two cun segments, tear, and boil until Kunbu is extremely soft. Season with salt, vinegar, fermented soybeans, and rice flour, following previous methods, avoiding excessive sourness/saltiness. Harmonize with ginger, tangerine peel, and pepper powder. Eat with Liangmi or Jingmi rice. Haizao follows this method, effectively moving Qi downward, with great efficacy and no contraindications.