\r车前子\ph106.bmp\r，生真定平泽丘陵道路中，今江湖、淮甸、近京、北地处处有
之。春初生苗，叶布地
如匙面，累年者长及尺余，如鼠尾。花甚细，青色微赤。结实如葶苈，赤黑色。五月五日采
，阴干。今人五月采苗，七月、八月采实。人家园圃中或种之，蜀中尤尚。北人取根日干，
作紫菀卖之，甚误所用。谨按《周南诗》云∶采采 。《尔雅》云∶ ，马舄。马舄，
车前。郭璞云∶今车前草，大叶当道，长穗，好生道边，江东人呼为虾蟆衣。陆机云∶马舄
，一名车前，一名当道，喜在牛迹中生，故曰车前、当道也。幽州人谓之牛舌草，可鬻（与
煮同）作茹，大滑。其子治妇人难产是也。然今人不复有啖者，其子入药最多。驻景丸用车
前、菟丝二物，蜜丸，食下服。古今为奇方。其叶今医家生研，水解饮之。治衄血甚善。
\r菥 子\ph107.bmp\r，生咸阳川泽及道旁，今处处有之。《尔雅》云∶菥 ，大荠。
郭璞云∶似荠 ，细
叶，俗呼之曰老荠。苏恭亦云∶是大荠。又云∶然菥 味辛，大荠味甘。陈藏器以大荠即是
葶苈，非菥 ，菥 大而扁，葶苈细而圆，二物殊也。而《尔雅》自有葶苈，谓之 （音典）
。注云∶实、叶皆似芥，一名狗荠。大抵二物皆荠类，故人多不能细分，乃尔致疑也。四月
、五月采，曝干。古今眼目方中多用之。崔元亮《海上方》∶疗眼热痛泪不止，以菥 子一
物，捣筛为末。欲卧，以铜箸点眼中，当有热泪及恶物出，并去 肉。可三、四十夜点之，
甚佳。
车前子，生长在真定地区的平泽、丘陵和道路旁，如今在江湖、淮甸、京城附近及北方各地到处都有。春天初生苗，叶子铺在地上像汤匙面一样，生长多年的长达一尺多，形状像老鼠尾巴。花非常细小，青色略带红色。结的果实像葶苈，呈赤黑色。五月五日采收，阴干。现在人们五月采收嫩苗，七月、八月采收果实。有人家在园圃中种植它，蜀地尤其崇尚。北方人取根晒干，当作紫菀（一种止咳化痰药）出售，这严重误用了药材。谨按《诗经·周南》说：“采采芣苢”。《尔雅》说：“芣苢，即马舄。马舄，就是车前。”郭璞说：“现在的车前草，叶子宽大长在路边，穗长，喜欢生长在路旁，江东人叫它虾蟆衣。”陆机说：“马舄，又名车前，又名当道，喜欢在牛蹄印中生长的地方生长，所以叫车前、当道。”幽州人叫它牛舌草，可以煮着吃，口感很滑腻。它的种子能治疗妇女难产。然而现在的人不再食用它的叶子，它的种子入药最多。驻景丸用车前子和菟丝子两味药，蜜制为丸，饭后服用。这是古今奇妙的方剂。它的叶子现在医生家直接研磨，加水溶解后饮用。治疗鼻出血效果很好。
菥蓂子，生长在咸阳的川泽及道路旁，如今到处都有。《尔雅》说：“菥蓂，是大荠。”郭璞说：“像荠菜但叶子细小，俗名叫它老荠。”苏恭也说：“这就是大荠。”又说：“但是菥蓂味辛，大荠味甘。”陈藏器认为大荠就是葶苈，不是菥蓂，菥蓂大而扁，葶苈细而圆，这两种药不同。而《尔雅》中自有葶苈，称为“莚”（音典）。注释说：“果实、叶子都像芥菜，一名狗荠。”大概这两种药都属于荠类，所以很多人不能细分，从而产生疑惑。四月、五月采收，晒干。古今眼科方剂中多用它。崔元亮《海上方》：治疗眼热痛流泪不止，用菥蓂子一味药，捣碎筛成粉末。准备睡觉时，用铜筷蘸取点入眼中，会有热泪及污物排出，并去除胬肉（眼部增生组织）。可以连续点三四十晚，效果很好。
Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen), grows in the plains, marshes, hills, and roadsides of Zhen Ding. Now it is found everywhere in the Jianghu region, Huaidian, near the capital, and northern areas. In early spring, seedlings emerge; leaves spread on the ground like the face of a spoon. Those growing for several years can reach over a chi in length, resembling a rat's tail. The flowers are very fine, greenish with a slight reddish hue. The fruits resemble those of Tingli (Descurainiae Semen seu Herba), being dark red-black. Harvested on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, dried in the shade. Nowadays, people harvest the seedlings in May and the fruits in July and August. It is cultivated in household gardens, especially favored in Shu. People in the north take the roots, dry them in the sun, and sell them as Ziwan (Asteris Radix), which is a serious misuse. According to the "Odes of Zhou Nan" in the *Book of Songs*: "Gathering and gathering Fu Yi." The *Erya* states: "Fu Yi is Ma Xi. Ma Xi is Cheqian." Guo Pu says: "The current Cheqian grass has large leaves along the road, long spikes, and prefers growing by the roadside; people in Jiangdong call it Hamayi (Toad's Clothing)." Lu Ji says: "Ma Xi, also known as Cheqian or Dangdao, likes to grow where cattle tracks are, hence the names Cheqian and Dangdao." People in Youzhou call it Niushengcao (Cow Tongue Grass), which can be boiled as a vegetable, very slippery. Its seeds treat difficult childbirth in women. However, people no longer eat its leaves nowadays; its seeds are most commonly used in medicine. Zhujing Wan uses Cheqian and Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen) in equal parts, made into honey pills, taken after meals. This is a miraculous formula from ancient and modern times. Its leaves are now crushed raw by physicians, dissolved in water, and drunk. It is very effective for treating epistaxis.
Ximingzi (Lepidii Semen), grows in the rivers, marshes, and roadsides of Xianyang, and is now found everywhere. The *Erya* states: "Ximing is Daji (Large Shepherd's Purse)." Guo Pu says: "Resembles shepherd's purse but with fine leaves, commonly called Laoqi (Old Shepherd's Purse)." Su Gong also says: "This is Daji." He adds: "However, Ximing tastes pungent, while Daji tastes sweet." Chen Cangqi considers Daji to be Tingli, not Ximing; Ximing is large and flat, whereas Tingli is fine and round; the two substances are different. The *Erya* itself mentions Tingli, called "Yan" (pron Dian). The annotation says: "Fruits and leaves resemble mustard greens, also named Gouqi (Dog Shepherd's Purse)." Generally, both belong to the shepherd's purse category, so many people cannot distinguish them finely, leading to doubt. Harvested in April and May, dried in the sun. It is frequently used in ophthalmic formulas from ancient to modern times. Cui Yuanliang's *Haishang Fang*: For treating eye heat pain and continuous tearing, use one ingredient, Ximingzi, pounded and sifted into powder. Before sleeping, apply into the eyes using copper chopsticks; hot tears and foul matter will discharge, and nevi (pterygium-like growths) will be removed. Applying this for thirty to forty nights is very effective.