\r （音矩）酱\ph203.bmp\r，生巴蜀，今夔川岭南皆有之。昔汉武使唐蒙晓谕南越。
南越食蒙以 酱，蒙问
所从来，答曰∶西北 江广数里，出番禺城下。武帝感之，于是开 、越 也。刘渊林
注《蜀都赋》云∶ 酱缘木而生。其子如桑椹，熟时正青，长二、三寸。以蜜藏而食之，辛
香、温，调五脏。今云蔓生，叶似王瓜而浓大，实皮黑肉白，其苗为浮留藤，取叶合槟榔食
之，辛而香也。两说不同小异。然则渊林所云∶乃蜀种，如此今说是海南所传耳。今惟贵荜
拨而不尚 酱，故鲜有用者。
\r白药\ph204.bmp\r，出原州，今夔、施、江西、岭南亦有之。三月生，苗似苦苣叶，
四月而赤，茎长似葫
芦蔓；六月开白花；八月结子，亦名栝蒌；九月采根，以水洗，筛切碎，曝干，名白药子。
江西出者，叶似乌臼，子如绿豆，至八月，其子变成赤色。施州人取根并野猪尾二味，洗净
，去粗皮，焙干，等分，停捣，筛，酒调服钱匕，疗心气痛，解热毒甚效。又诸疮痈肿不散
者，取生根烂捣傅贴，干则易之。无生者，用末水调涂之，亦可。崔元亮《海上方》，治一
切天行，取白药研如面，浆水一大盏，空腹顿服之。便仰卧一食顷，候心头闷乱或恶心，腹
内如车鸣 刺痛，良久，当有吐利数行，勿怪。欲服药时，先令煮浆水粥于井中悬着，待冷
。若吐利过度，即吃冷粥一碗止之，不吃即困人。
（音矩）酱，生长在巴蜀地区，如今夔州、川南及岭南各地都有。过去汉武帝派遣唐蒙去晓谕南越。南越人用（音矩）酱招待唐蒙，唐蒙询问这东西是从哪里来的，回答说：在西北方向有一条江，宽数里，从番禺城下流出。汉武帝对此感到惊奇，于是开通了通往（音矩）和越地的道路。刘渊林注释《蜀都赋》说：（音矩）酱沿着树木生长。它的果实像桑葚，成熟时颜色正青，长二、三寸。用蜜封存后食用，味道辛香，性温，能调和五脏。如今说法是蔓生植物，叶子像王瓜但更浓大，果实外皮黑内肉白，它的嫩苗叫浮留藤，取叶子配合槟榔食用，味道辛而香。两种说法略有不同。然而刘渊林所说的，乃是蜀地所种的，就像现在所说的是海南流传的品种一样。如今人们只重视荜拨而不崇尚（音矩）酱，所以很少有人使用它。
白药，出产于原州，如今夔州、施州、江西、岭南等地也有。三月生长，苗叶像苦苣菜叶，四月变红，茎长像葫芦蔓；六月开白花；八月结子，也叫栝蒌；九月采挖根部，用水洗净，筛碎晒干，名叫白药子。江西出产的，叶子像乌臼树，果实像绿豆，到了八月，果实变成赤色。施州人取根和野猪尾两味药材，洗净，去掉粗皮，焙干，按等量混合捣碎，过筛，用酒调服一钱匕的量，治疗心气痛，解除热毒非常有效。另外对于各种疮痈肿毒不散的，取新鲜根烂捣后敷贴，干了就更换。没有鲜根的，用粉末加水调涂也可以。崔元亮《海上方》，治疗一切天行瘟疫，取白药研成面粉状，用一大盏浆水，空腹一次性服用。随后仰卧一顿饭的时间，等到心头闷乱或恶心，腹内像车鸣一样刺痛，很久之后，应当会有几次呕吐腹泻，不要奇怪。想要服药时，先煮好浆水粥放在井中悬挂冷却。如果吐泻过度，就吃一碗冷粥来止住，不吃就会使人困乏。
(Ju) Jiang (Fermented Paste), grows in Bashu, and is now found in Kuizhou, southern Sichuan, and Lingnan. In the past, Emperor Wu of Han sent Tang Meng to instruct the Nan Yue people. The Nan Yue people served Tang Meng with (Ju) Jiang. Tang Meng asked where it came from, and was answered: "In the northwest direction, there is a river several li wide, flowing out from beneath Fanyu City." Emperor Wu was impressed by this, and thus opened the routes to Ju and Yue. Liu Yuanlin, in his commentary on the *Shu Du Fu*, stated: "(Ju) Jiang grows along trees. Its fruit resembles mulberries; when ripe, it is green, two or three inches long. It is preserved in honey for consumption, possessing a pungent aroma and warm nature, capable of harmonizing the five Zang organs." Current descriptions suggest it is a climbing plant with leaves resembling those of *Trichosanthes cucumerina* but thicker and larger; the fruit has black skin and white flesh. Its young shoots are called Fuliuteng (Floating Vine); the leaves are eaten combined with betel nut, tasting pungent and fragrant. The two accounts differ slightly. However, what Liu Yuanlin described refers to the variety cultivated in Shu, similar to how the current description refers to the variety transmitted in Hainan. Today, people value Bibo (Long Pepper) but do not favor (Ju) Jiang, so it is rarely used.
Baiyao (White Medicine) originates from Yuanzhou, and is now also found in Kuizhou, Shizhou, Jiangxi, and Lingnan. It sprouts in the third lunar month; the seedlings resemble leaves of *Sonchus oleraceus*. By the fourth month, they turn red, and the stems grow like gourd vines. White flowers bloom in the sixth month. Seeds form in the eighth month, also known as Gualou (*Trichosanthes kirilowii*). Roots are harvested in the ninth month, washed, crushed through a sieve, and sun-dried, named Baiyaozi (White Medicine Seed). Those from Jiangxi have leaves resembling *Triadica sebifera* and seeds like mung beans; by the eighth month, the seeds turn red. People in Shizhou take the root and wild boar tails, wash them, remove the coarse bark, bake them dry, mix them in equal parts, grind them, sieve the powder, and administer one Qianbi (a small measuring unit) mixed with wine. This treats Heart Qi pain and resolves heat toxins with great efficacy. Furthermore, for various sores, carbuncles, and swellings that do not dissipate, fresh roots are mashed and applied as a poultice, replaced when dry. If fresh roots are unavailable, powder mixed with water can be applied. Cui Yuanliang's *Haishang Fang* prescribes treating all epidemic fevers by grinding Baiyao into flour, mixing it with one large cup of Jiangshui (fermented grain water), and taking it orally on an empty stomach in one dose. The patient should then lie supine for the duration of a meal. When feeling chest oppression, confusion, nausea, or abdominal pain resembling cart-wheel rumbling, after some time, several episodes of vomiting and diarrhea will occur; do not be alarmed. Before taking the medicine, prepare Jiangshui porridge and cool it by suspending it in a well. If vomiting and diarrhea are excessive, consume one bowl of cold porridge to stop them; otherwise, it may cause severe debility.