〔害〕纯阴至静之品，若虚寒人服之，则腹痛作泻。
〔利〕苦甘凉，益肝肾，补中，黑须发，明目，养精神。
〔修治〕立冬后采取，阴干，去梗叶，酒浸一日夜，袋擦去皮，蒸透晒干用。
〔害〕小儿以豆与猪肉同食，必壅气致死，十有八九。如十岁以上，则无害也。服萆麻
子者
，终身忌炒豆，犯之胀满致死。服浓朴者亦忌之，最能动气故也。
〔利〕甘平，补心肾而明目，活血散风，除热解毒，能消水肿，可稀痘疮。
黑豆之小者，曰马料豆，盐水煮食，尤能补肾。料豆之皮，曰 豆衣，补肾凉血止汗，亦称
黑豆衣。
〔修治〕九月采取大豆荚，用生豆。炒食极热，煮食甚寒，作豉极冷，造酱及生黄卷则
平，
牛食之则温，马食之冷，一体之中，用之数变。
〔害〕海味咸温，血病多热者勿用。
〔修治〕辽海产者良，胶州所出，生北海咸水中，色又黑，以滋肾水，从其类也。有刺
者名
刺参，无刺者名光参。以水瀹胖，剖开去肚中杂泥沙用。
〔害〕淡渗利湿，引水有功，多用能亡津液，久服必损肾气，昏人眼目，无湿证者勿服。
〔利〕甘淡平，入肾、膀胱二经。分消水肿，淡渗湿痰，利水诸药，无如此快。
〔修治〕是枫树下苓，其皮黑色，肉白而实者佳。二八月采阴干，铜刀削去粗皮，薄切。
【危害】女贞子属于纯阴且性质至静的药物，如果是虚寒体质的人服用它，就会引起腹痛并导致腹泻。
【功效】女贞子味苦、甘，性凉，能补益肝肾，充实中气，使须发变黑，明亮双目，滋养精神。
【炮制】在立冬之后采收，阴干，去除梗和叶子，用酒浸泡一天一夜，装入袋中摩擦去皮，蒸透后晒干使用。
【危害】小儿如果将黑豆与猪肉同食，必然会导致气机壅滞而死亡，这种情况十有八九。但如果孩子十岁以上，则没有这种危害。服用蓖麻子的人，终身要忌炒豆类食物，触犯后会因腹胀满而死。服用厚朴的人也忌讳吃炒豆，这是因为炒豆最容易扰动气机。
【功效】黑豆味甘、性平，能补益心肾并明目，活血祛风，清除热毒，能够消除水肿，可以使痘疮稀疏易愈。
黑豆中较小的品种称为“马料豆”，用盐水煮食，尤其能补肾。马料豆的皮称为“豆衣”（或称黑豆衣），具有补肾、凉血、止汗的功效。
【炮制】九月采收大豆荚，取生豆食用。炒食极热，煮食甚寒，制成豆豉极冷，制成酱及生黄豆芽则性平；牛吃了性温，马吃了性冷，同一物体，因用法不同而药性变化多端。
【危害】海参味咸、性温，患有血分病且多热证的人不要服用。
【炮制】产于辽东沿海的海参品质较好，胶州出产的海参生于北海咸水中，颜色黑，因为黑色入肾水，这是同类相求的道理。有刺的称为“刺参”，无刺的称为“光参”。用水煮胖后，剖开去除肚中的泥沙杂质备用。
【危害】猪苓淡渗利湿，引导水液排泄有功，但多用会耗伤津液，久服必然损伤肾气，使人视力昏花，没有湿证的人不要服用。
【功效】猪苓味甘、淡，性平，归肾经和膀胱经。它能分消水肿，淡渗湿痰，在利水药物中，没有比它更迅速有效的。
【炮制】生长在枫树下的茯苓，其皮色黑，肉质白且坚实的品质佳。在二月或八月采收，阴干，用铜刀削去粗皮，切成薄片。
[Harm] Nü Zhen Zi (Ligustri Lucidi Fructus) is a substance of pure Yin and extreme stillness. If taken by individuals with deficiency-cold constitutions, it may induce abdominal pain and diarrhea.
[Benefits] It is bitter, sweet, and cool in nature. It benefits the Liver and Kidney, tonifies the Middle Jiao, darkens beard and hair, brightens the eyes, and nourishes the spirit.
[Preparation] Harvest after Start of Winter. Dry in the shade, remove stems and leaves, soak in wine for one day and night, rub in a bag to remove the skin, steam thoroughly, and dry in the sun for use.
[Harm] If children consume black soybeans together with pork, it will inevitably cause Qi stagnation leading to death; this occurs in eight or nine out of ten cases. However, if the child is over ten years old, there is no such harm. Individuals taking Bi Ma Zi (Ricini Semen) must avoid fried beans for life; violating this leads to fatal abdominal distension. Those taking Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) should also avoid fried beans, as they easily disturb Qi.
[Benefits] Black soybeans are sweet and neutral. They tonify the Heart and Kidney, brighten the eyes, invigorate blood, dispel wind, clear heat, resolve toxicity, reduce edema, and can help dilute smallpox lesions.
Smaller varieties of black soybeans are called "Ma Liao Dou" (Horse Feed Beans). Boiled in salt water, they are particularly effective in tonifying the Kidney. The skin of these beans is called "Dou Yi" (Bean Coat) or "Hei Dou Yi" (Black Bean Coat), which tonifies the Kidney, cools blood, and stops sweating.
[Preparation] Harvest soybean pods in the ninth lunar month using raw beans. Fried consumption is extremely hot; boiled consumption is very cold; fermented into Dou Chi (Fermented Soybean) it becomes extremely cold; made into paste or Sheng Huang Juan (Raw Soybean Sprout) it is neutral. When fed to cattle, it is warm; when fed to horses, it is cold. Within the same substance, its properties vary significantly depending on preparation.
[Harm] Sea cucumber is salty and warm. It should not be used by patients with blood disorders characterized by excessive heat.
[Preparation] Those produced in Liaodong coastal areas are superior. Those from Jiaozhou grow in the saline waters of the North Sea and are black in color. This aligns with the principle that black enters the Kidney Water, following its kind. Those with spines are named Ci Shen (Spiny Sea Cucumber); those without spines are named Guang Shen (Smooth Sea Cucumber). Boil in water until swollen, cut open, remove internal sand and mud impurities, and prepare for use.
[Harm] Zhu Ling (Polyporus) has a light, leaching effect to promote dampness drainage and guide water out. However, excessive use can deplete body fluids, and long-term use inevitably damages Kidney Qi, causing blurred vision. It should not be taken by those without dampness patterns.
[Benefits] It is sweet, bland, and neutral. It enters the Kidney and Bladder meridians. It differentiates and eliminates edema, leaches damp-phlegm, and among diuretic herbs, none acts as swiftly as this.
[Preparation] Polyporus growing under maple trees, with black skin and white, solid flesh, is of superior quality. Harvest in the second or eighth lunar months, dry in the shade, scrape off the rough outer skin with a copper knife, and slice thinly.