气味咸平，无毒。主治恶疮蚀，五痔。
（文蛤生东海中，背上有斑文，大者圆三寸，小者圆五六分。沈存中《笔谈》云∶文蛤
即今
吴人所食花蛤也，其形一头小，一头大，壳有花斑者是。《开宝》、《药性》有五倍子，亦
名文蛤，乃是蜀中盐肤子树上之虫窠也，以象形而称之，与水中所产文蛤不同。）
蛤乃水仲介虫，禀寒水之精，故主治恶疮蚀。感燥金之气，主资阳明大肠，故治五痔。
五痔
解，见黄 条下。
《伤寒太阳篇》曰∶病在阳，应以汗解之，反以冷水 之，若灌之，其热被却不得去，
弥更
益烦，肉上粟起，意欲饮水，反不渴者，服文蛤散。文蛤五两为末，每服方寸匕
，沸汤下，甚效。文蛤外刚内柔，象合离明，能燥水湿，而散热邪也。
气味苦温，无毒。主治五癃，关格不通，利小便水道，疗小儿惊，大人 ，仍自还神
化。（ 音备。）
（发 ，近于头皮之发也。剪切者为整发，梳栉而下者为乱发。发 以皂荚水洗净，入
瓶内
固济， 存性用，谓之血余。《别录》复有乱发，大义与发 相同，不必别出。）
（古之发 ，取男子年近二十岁以上，无疾患，颜貌红白者，从顶心剪切， 研入丸药
膏中
用。今时以剃下短发入用，似于 字之义更合。）
发者，血之余。血者，水之类。水精奉心，则化血也。又，《经》云∶肾之合骨也，其
荣发
也
。是发乃少阴心肾之所主，故气味苦温，苦者火之味，温者火之气也，水火相济，则阴阳和
合，故主治五癃，及关格不通。又曰∶利小便水道者，言禀肾气而益膀胱，则利小便。禀心
气而益三焦，则利水道也。心虚则惊，肾虚则 。发乃少阴心肾之所主，故疗小儿惊，大人
。小儿天癸未至，故病惊。大人天癸已至，故病 也。发 炼服，能益水精而资血液，故
曰∶仍自还神化。谓仍能助水精而上奉心藏之神，以化其血也。凡吐血、衄血之证，皆宜用
血余也。
【文蛤】
气味咸平，无毒。主治恶疮溃烂腐蚀，五痔（五种痔疮）。
（文蛤产于东海之中，背部有斑纹，大的直径三寸，小的直径五六分。沈存中在《笔谈》中说：文蛤就是现在吴地人食用的花蛤，其形状一头小一头大，壳上有花纹的就是。《开宝本草》、《药性论》中提到的五倍子，也名叫文蛤，那是蜀地盐肤子树上的虫巢，因为形状相似而得名，与水中产的文蛤不同。）
蛤是水生的介壳类昆虫，禀受寒水的精气，所以主治恶疮溃烂腐蚀。感受燥金之气，主要资助阳明大肠经，所以治疗五痔。
五痔的解释，参见黄连条下。
《伤寒论·太阳篇》说：病在阳分，应当用发汗的方法解表，反而用冷水浇淋或灌洗它，体内的热邪被遏制而不能散去，更加烦闷，皮肤上起鸡皮疙瘩，想要喝水，但实际上并不口渴的，服用文蛤散。文蛤五两研成粉末，每次服用一方寸匕，用沸水送服，效果很好。文蛤外刚内柔，象意符合离卦的光明之象，能够燥化水湿，并疏散热邪。
【发】
气味苦温，无毒。主治五癃（五种小便不通），关格不通（小便与大便均闭塞不通），通利小便水道，治疗小儿惊风，大人失精，仍能恢复神气的变化。（“备”音同“备”。）
（发鬌，是指贴近头皮的头发。剪下来的叫整发，梳栉掉下的叫乱发。发鬌用皂荚水洗净，放入瓶内密封严实，煅烧存性使用，称为血余。《名医别录》中还有乱发，大意与发鬌相同，不必单独列出。）
（古时候的发鬌，选取男子年龄接近二十岁以上，没有疾病，面色红润白皙的人，从头顶心剪取，研磨后加入丸药膏中使用。现在时常用剃下的短发入药，似乎更合“鬌”字的本义。）
头发是血的剩余部分。血属于水的类别。水之精气奉养于心，则化为血。另外，《内经》说：肾与骨相合，其华在发。因此头发是由少阴心肾所主管的，所以气味苦温，苦是火的味道，温是火的气性，水火相互济助，则阴阳和合，所以主治五癃及关格不通。又说：通利小便水道，是说禀受肾气而补益膀胱，就能通利小便；禀受心气而补益三焦，就能通利水道。心虚则出现惊悸，肾虚则出现失精。头发由少阴心肾所主管，所以能治疗小儿惊风，大人失精。小儿天癸未至，所以病表现为惊；大人天癸已至，所以病表现为失精。发鬌炼制成粉服用，能补益水之精气而资助血液生成，所以说：仍能恢复神气的变化。意思是仍然能帮助水之精气上奉于心藏之神，以化生血液。凡是吐血、衄血的症状，都适宜使用血余。
[Clam Shell, Veined]
Flavor: Salty; Nature: Neutral. Non-toxic. Indications: Malignant sores with ulceration and erosion; five types of hemorrhoids (Wuzhi).
(The veined clam is produced in the East Sea, with patterns on its back. The large ones have a diameter of three cun, and the small ones have a diameter of five or six fen. Shen Cunzhong stated in *Bitan*: "The veined clam is what people in Wu region eat today as flower clams (Huage); they are shaped with one end smaller and one end larger, and those with floral patterns on the shell are it." The *Kaibao Bencao* and *Yaoxing Lun* mention that Galla Chinensis (Wubeizi), also named Veined Clam, refers to insect nests on the salt-sumac trees in Shu region. It is named for its shape similarity and is different from the veined clam produced in water.)
Clams are aquatic bivalve mollusks. Endowed with the essence of cold water, they treat malignant sores with ulceration and erosion. By receiving the qi of dry metal, they primarily nourish the Yangming Large Intestine channel, thus treating the five types of hemorrhoids.
The explanation of the five types of hemorrhoids can be found under the entry for Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian).
In the *Taiyang Chapter* of *Shanghan Lun*, it is stated: "When the disease is in the Yang aspect, it should be resolved through sweating. If one mistakenly uses cold water to pour or irrigate it, the heat is suppressed and cannot escape, leading to increased irritability, the appearance of gooseflesh on the skin, a desire to drink water but without actual thirst. In such cases, Wenli San (Veined Clam Powder) should be administered. Five liang of Veined Clam are ground into powder. Each dose consists of one fangcun bi (a square-inch measure), taken with boiling water. This is very effective." The outer part of the veined clam is hard while the inner part is soft, symbolizing the brightness of the Li trigram. It can dry dampness and dissipate heat pathogens.
[Hair]
Flavor: Bitter; Nature: Warm. Non-toxic. Indications: Five types of strangury (Wulong), Guan-Ge syndrome (obstruction of both urination and defecation), promotes the flow of urine and water passages, treats pediatric convulsions/fright, adult seminal emission/loss, and restores the transformation of spirit. ("Bei" sounds like 'bei'.)
("Fadui" refers to hair close to the scalp. Hair cut off is called whole hair, while hair removed by combing is called messy hair. Fadui is washed clean with soap pod water, placed in a bottle, sealed tightly, calcined to retain its nature, and called Xueyu (Blood Residue). The *Bielu* also lists messy hair, which is essentially the same as Fadui and does not need separate listing.)
(Anciently, Fadui was obtained from men near twenty years old, free from disease, with ruddy and fair complexions, cut from the crown of the head, ground, and added to pills or ointments. Nowadays, short hair shaved off is used, which seems more consistent with the original meaning of the character 'Dui'.)
Hair is the surplus of blood. Blood belongs to the category of water. When the essence of water is offered to the Heart, it transforms into blood. Furthermore, the *Classic* states: "The Kidney harmonizes with bones, and its luster manifests in the hair." Thus, hair is governed by the Shaoyin Heart and Kidney. Therefore, its flavor is bitter and nature warm. Bitter is the flavor of Fire, and warm is the qi of Fire. When Water and Fire mutually assist each other, Yin and Yang harmonize. Hence, it treats the five types of strangury and Guan-Ge obstruction. Regarding promoting the flow of urine and water passages: receiving Kidney qi benefits the Bladder, thereby promoting urination; receiving Heart qi benefits the Sanjiao, thereby promoting water passages. Heart deficiency leads to fright; Kidney deficiency leads to seminal emission. Since hair is governed by the Shaoyin Heart and Kidney, it treats pediatric fright and adult seminal emission. Children have not yet reached Tian Gui (menstruation/reproductive essence), so their illness manifests as fright. Adults have reached Tian Gui, so their illness manifests as seminal emission. Calcined Hair Residue (Xueyu) tonifies the essence of water and aids blood generation. Therefore, it is said: "It can still restore the transformation of spirit." This means it helps the essence of water ascend to offer to the Spirit of the Heart organ, thereby transforming blood. For all conditions involving hematemesis (vomiting blood) or epistaxis (nosebleed), Xueyu is suitable.