气味咸苦平，有毒。主逐恶血瘀血，月闭，破血症积聚，无子，利水道。
（水蛭处处河池有之，种类不一，在山野中者，名山蜞，在草中者，名草蛭，在泥水中
者，
名水蛭，大者谓之马蜞，今名马蟥。）
水蛭乃水中动物，气味咸苦，阴中之阳也。咸苦走血，故主逐恶血瘀血，通月闭。咸软
坚，
苦下泄，故破血症积聚及经闭无子。感水中生动之气，故利水道。仲祖《伤寒论》治太阳随
经瘀热在里，有抵当汤，内用水蛭，下瘀血也。
气味甘平，无毒。主治寒热结气，蛊毒，鬼疰，小儿惊痫。
（雀瓮《本经》谓之躁舍，后人谓之蛄 房，乃刺毛虫所作窠也。其形如瓮，雀好啄其
瓮中
之蛹，故名雀瓮，又谓之雀儿饭瓮。刺毛虫一名蛄 ，俗名杨瘌子，因其背上毛有毒，能螫
人作痛也。生树枝间，如蚕而小，背上有五色斑毛。将老者，口中吐白汁，作茧自裹，凝聚
渐硬，正如雀卵，紫白裥斑，其虫在中成蛹，如蚕之在茧也。夏月羽化而出作蛾，放子于叶
间，如蚕子。处处树上有之，牡丹上尤多，入药唯取石榴树上及棘上房内有蛹者，正如螵蛸
诸树皆有，入药唯取桑上者耳，故《图经》有天浆子之称。《衍义》有棘刚子之号。天浆乃
甜榴之名也。）
雀瓮多生榴棘树上，夏月羽化而出，毛虫有毒，雀瓮则无毒矣，气味甘平，感木火土之
气化
，土气和于内外，则寒热结气可治矣。木气条达，则土气疏通，而蛊毒可治矣。火气光明，
则鬼疰及小儿惊痫皆可治矣。
【水蛭】
气味咸、苦，性平，有毒。主要功效是驱除败血和瘀血，治疗闭经，破除症瘕积聚，治疗不孕，通利水道。
（水蛭在各地的池塘河沟中都有，种类不一。在山野中的叫山蜞，在草丛中的叫草蛭，在泥水中的叫水蛭，大的称为马蜞，现在称为马蟥。）
水蛭是水中的动物，气味咸、苦，属于阴中之阳。咸味和苦味入血分，所以能驱除败血和瘀血，疏通闭经。咸味能软化坚积，苦味能泄降，所以能破除症瘕积聚以及因经闭导致的不孕。因为它感应了水中生动之气，所以能通利水道。张仲景的《伤寒论》中治疗太阳病邪气随经入里形成的瘀热，有抵当汤，方中用水蛭，是为了下逐瘀血。
【雀瓮】
气味甘，性平，无毒。主要治疗寒热交替、结聚之气，蛊毒，鬼疰（一种慢性消耗性传染病），小儿惊痫。
（雀瓮在《神农本草经》中称为躁舍，后人称为蛄 房，是刺毛虫所做的巢穴。它的形状像瓮，麻雀喜欢啄食其中的蛹，所以叫雀瓮，又叫做雀儿饭瓮。刺毛虫一名蛄 ，俗称杨瘌子，因为背上的毛有毒，叮咬人会引起疼痛。这种虫子生长在树枝间，比蚕小，背上有五色斑纹的毛。将老熟时，口中吐出白汁，结成茧将自己包裹起来，逐渐变硬，就像雀卵一样，紫白色相间带有斑纹，虫在其中化为蛹，就像蚕在茧中一样。夏天羽化飞出成为蛾，在叶子间产卵，像蚕子一样。到处树上都有，牡丹树上尤其多，入药只取石榴树和荆棘树上巢内的蛹，就像螵蛸（桑螵蛸）各种树上都有，但入药只取桑树上的道理一样，所以《图经》中有天浆子的称呼。《衍义》中有棘刚子的称号。天浆就是甜榴的别名。）
雀瓮多生长在石榴树和荆棘树上，夏天羽化飞出，虽然毛虫有毒，但雀瓮本身无毒。它的气味甘平，感应了木、火、土三行的气化作用。土气调和于内外，就能治疗寒热结气。木气条达，则土气疏通，从而可以治疗蛊毒。火气光明，则鬼疰和小儿惊痫都可以治疗。
[Shuizhi (Leech)]
The flavor is salty and bitter, the nature is neutral, and it is toxic. It primarily expels foul blood and stasis, treats amenorrhea, breaks up mass formations and accumulations, addresses infertility, and promotes the flow of water passages.
(Leeches are found in ponds and rivers everywhere, with various species. Those in mountainous and wild areas are called Shanqi; those in grass are called Caoshi; those in muddy water are called Shuizhi; the large ones are called Maqi, now known as Ma huang.)
Shuizhi is an aquatic animal. Its flavors are salty and bitter, representing yang within yin. Salty and bitter flavors enter the blood level, thus expelling foul blood and stasis, and unblocking amenorrhea. Salty flavor softens hardness, and bitter flavor purges downward, thus breaking up mass formations, accumulations, and infertility caused by menstrual obstruction. By sensing the vital qi of moving water, it promotes the flow of water passages. In Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases" (Shanghan Lun), for treating residual heat from the Taiyang stage entering the interior with blood stasis, the Didang Tang formula uses Shuizhi to purge blood stasis.
[Queweng (Caterpillar Cocoon)]
The flavor is sweet, the nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats alternating chills and fever, stagnant qi, gu poison, guizhu (a chronic wasting disease), and pediatric convulsions.
(Queweng was called Zaoshe in the "Shennong Bencao Jing", and later referred to as Gu Fang. It is a nest made by thorny caterpillars. Its shape resembles a jar. Sparrows like to peck at the pupae inside, hence the name Queweng, also known as Que'er Fanweng. The thorny caterpillar, also called Gu , commonly known as Yang Lazi, has toxic hairs on its back that sting humans causing pain. It grows among tree branches, smaller than silkworms, with five-colored spotted hairs on its back. When nearing maturity, it exudes white fluid from its mouth to spin a cocoon around itself, hardening gradually like a sparrow egg, with purple and white mottled patterns. The insect becomes a pupa inside, similar to a silkworm in a cocoon. In summer, it emerges as a moth and lays eggs on leaves, resembling silkworm eggs. They are found on trees everywhere, especially abundant on peony trees. For medicinal use, only pupae from nests on pomegranate or thorny bushes are taken. This is similar to how Piaoxiao (Mantis Egg Case) is found on various trees but only those on mulberry trees are used medicinally. Hence, "Tujing" refers to it as Tianjiangzi. "Yanyi" calls it Jigangzi. Tianjiang is another name for sweet pomegranate.)
Queweng mostly grows on pomegranate and thorny trees. Although the emerging moths/caterpillars are toxic, Queweng itself is non-toxic. Its sweet and neutral flavor senses the qi transformation of Wood, Fire, and Earth. When Earth qi harmonizes internally and externally, alternating chills and fever with stagnant qi can be treated. When Wood qi flows smoothly, Earth qi is dredged, allowing gu poison to be treated. When Fire qi shines brightly, guizhu and pediatric convulsions can all be treated.