气味苦辛，有小毒。主治蛔蛲虫。（《唐本草》附。）
鹤虱得天日之精气在上，故主杀阴类之蛔蛲。
又名杜牛膝，气味苦寒，主治吐血，牙痛，咽喉肿塞，诸骨哽咽。（《新增》附。）
天者阳也，下通水精，水者阴也，阴柔在下，故根名土牛膝。阳刚在上，故苗名活鹿，
子名鹤虱，于命名之中，便有阴阳之义。
气味苦，微寒，无毒。主治心腹邪气，小便不利，淋闭，风湿，鬼疰，恶毒。久服
补虚羸，轻身，耳目聪明，延年。
（石龙刍一名龙须草，近道水石处皆有之，生于缙云者佳，故又名缙云草。苗丛生直上，
并无枝叶，状如棕心草。夏月茎端作小穗，开花结细实，赤色。吴人多栽莳之以织席。）
石龙刍气味苦寒，生于水石间，得少阴水精之气化，故以龙名。又，龙能行泄其水精也，
主
治心腹邪气者，少阴水精之气，上交于心，则心腹之邪气可治也。小便不利，淋闭者，热邪
下注而病淋，浊气不化而仍闭结，皆为小便不利。龙刍能启水精之气，上交于心，上下相交
，则小便自利矣。又，少阴神气外浮，则能去风湿。少阴神气五内，则能除鬼疰也。又曰∶
恶毒者，言鬼疰之病，皆恶毒所为，非痈毒也。久服则水火相济，故能补虚羸而轻身。精神
充足，故耳目聪明而延年。
气味苦、辛，有小毒。主治蛔虫和蛲虫。（出自《唐本草》附录。）
鹤虱禀受天日之精气于上部，所以能杀灭属阴类的蛔虫和蛲虫。
又名杜牛膝，气味苦、寒，主治吐血、牙痛、咽喉肿痛堵塞、各种骨头卡住喉咙。（出自《新增》附录。）
天代表阳，向下通达水之精微；水代表阴，阴柔之气居于下部，所以根部名为土牛膝。阳刚之气居于上部，所以苗名为活鹿，子名为鹤虱，在命名之中便蕴含了阴阳的道理。
气味苦，微寒，无毒。主治心腹部的邪气、小便不利、淋证闭塞、风湿病、鬼疰（一种具有传染性的慢性消耗性疾病）、恶毒（严重的疮疡肿毒）。长期服用可补益虚弱消瘦的身体，使身体轻健，耳目聪明，延年益寿。
（石龙刍又名龙须草，各地水边石旁都有生长，产于缙云县的最好，所以又名缙云草。其苗丛生且直立向上，没有枝叶，形状像棕心草。夏季茎端长出小穗，开花结出细小的果实，呈赤色。吴地人多种植它来编织席子。）
石龙刍气味苦、寒，生长在水石之间，禀受了少阴肾水之精气的化生，所以用“龙”来命名。另外，龙能行泄其水之精微，主治心腹部邪气的道理在于：少阴肾水之精气上交于心，则心腹部的邪气便可治愈。小便不利、淋证闭塞的，是因为热邪下注导致淋证，浊气不化导致闭结，这些都表现为小便不利。石龙刍能激发水之精气，上交于心，上下气机相交，则小便自然通利。另外，少阴的神气外浮，便能祛除风湿；少阴的神气内守五脏，便能消除鬼疰。又说：所谓恶毒，是指鬼疰这类疾病，皆由恶毒所致，并非一般的痈疽毒疮。长期服用则水火相济，所以能补益虚弱消瘦的身体并使身体轻健。精神充足，所以耳目聪明并能延年益寿。
Taste and nature: Bitter, pungent, slightly toxic. Indications: Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) and Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm). (Attached from *Tang Bencao*).
Heshi (Carthami Fructus) receives the essence of heaven and sun in its upper part; therefore, it is capable of killing the yin-type parasites, namely ascaris and pinworms.
Also known as Duniu Xi (Dunium Stem), taste and nature: Bitter, cold. Indications: Hematemesis (vomiting blood), toothache, swelling and obstruction of the throat, and impaction of bones in the throat. (Attached from *Xinzeng*).
Heaven represents Yang, which descends to connect with the essence of water; Water represents Yin, whose yin-soft nature resides in the lower part; hence the root is named Tu Niu Xi (Achyranthes Root). Yang's firmness resides in the upper part; hence the herbaceous shoot is named Huo Lu (Living Deer), and the seed is named Heshi (Crabgrass Fruit). The naming itself embodies the principle of Yin and Yang.
Taste and nature: Bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic. Indications: Evil qi in the heart and abdomen, difficult urination, strangury with retention, wind-dampness, Guizhu (a contagious chronic wasting disease attributed to "ghostly" factors), and severe toxins. Long-term use tonifies deficiency and emaciation, lightens the body, clarifies the ears and eyes, and prolongs life.
(Shilong Chu [Lycopodium Herb], also known as Longxu Cao, grows near water and stones everywhere; those produced in Jinyun are superior, hence also called Jinyun Cao. Its shoots grow densely and straight up, without branches or leaves, resembling palm-heart grass. In summer, small spikes appear at the stem tips, flowering and bearing fine red seeds. People in Wu often cultivate it for weaving mats.)
Shilong Chu has a bitter and cold taste/nature and grows between water and stones, receiving the transformative energy of Shaoyin Kidney Water Essence; thus, it is named with "Dragon." Furthermore, the dragon can circulate and drain this water essence. The rationale for treating evil qi in the heart and abdomen is that when the Shaoyin Kidney Water Essence ascends to communicate with the Heart, the evil qi in the heart and abdomen can be resolved. Regarding difficult urination and strangury with retention: heat evil pouring downward causes strangury, and turbid qi failing to transform leads to retention; both manifest as difficult urination. Shilong Chu can stimulate the water essence to ascend and communicate with the Heart; when the upper and lower interact, urination becomes free. Additionally, when the Shen-spirit of Shaoyin floats outward, it dispels wind-dampness; when the Shen-spirit of Shaoyin remains within the five zang organs, it eliminates Guizhu. It is stated that "severe toxins" refer to the fact that Guizhu diseases are caused by such toxins, not merely general carbuncles and sores. Long-term use harmonizes Water and Fire, thereby tonifying deficiency and emaciation while lightening the body. With sufficient spirit, the ears and eyes become clear, and life is prolonged.