气味辛温，无毒。主辟恶气，杀鬼精物，去三虫蛊毒，温疟，惊痫。久服除邪，不梦
寤魇寐。
（麝形似獐而小，色黑，常食柏叶及蛇虫，其香在脐，故名麝脐香。李时珍曰∶麝之香
气远
，故谓之麝香。生阴茎前皮内，别有膜袋裹之，至冬香满，入春满甚，自以爪剔出覆藏土内
，此香最佳，但不易得。出羌夷者多真，最好，出隋郡、义阳、晋溪诸蛮中者亚之。出益州
者，形扁多伪。凡真香，一子分作三四子，刮取血膜，杂以余物裹以四足膝皮而货之。货者
又复为伪，用者辨焉。）
凡香皆生于草木，而麝香独出于精血。香之神异者也，气味辛散温行。主辟恶气者，其
臭馨
香也。杀鬼精物，去三虫蛊毒者，辛温香窜，从内透发，而阴类自消也。温疟者，先热后
寒，病藏于肾。麝则香生于肾，故治温疟。惊痫者，心气昏迷，痰涎壅滞。麝香辛温通窍，
故治惊痫。久服则腑脏机关通利，故除邪，不梦寤魇寐。
气味甘平，无毒。主治漏下赤白，破症瘕 疟，五痔，阴蚀，湿痹，四肢重弱，小
儿囟不合。久服轻身不饥。
（龟凡江湖间皆有之，近取湖州、江州，交州者为上。甲白而浓，其色分明，入药最良。
有
出于水中者，有出于山中者，入药宜用水龟。古时上下甲皆用，至日华子只用下板，而后人
从之。陶弘景曰∶入药宜生龟炙用。日华子曰∶腹下曾灼十通者，名败龟板，入药良。吴球
曰∶先贤用败龟板补阴，借其气也。今人用钻过及煮过者，性气不存矣。唯灵山诸谷，因风
堕自败者最佳。田池自败者次之。人打坏者又次之。愚谓∶龟通灵神而多寿，若自死者，病
龟也。灼过者，灵性已过。唯生龟板炙用为佳。）
介虫三百六十，而龟为之长，龟形象离，其神在坎，首入于腹，肠属于首，是阳气下归
于阴
，复通阴气上行之药也。主治漏下赤白者，通阴气而上行也。破症瘕者，介虫属金，能攻
坚也
。疟，阴疟也。阳气归阴，则阴寒之气自除，故治 疟。五痔、阴蚀者，五痔溃烂缺伤，
如阴虫之蚀也。阳入于阴，则阴虫自散。肠属于者，则下者能举，故五痔阴蚀可治也。湿痹
四肢重弱者，因湿成痹，以致四肢重弱。龟居水中，性能胜湿，甲属甲胃，质主坚强，故湿
痹而四肢之重弱可治也。小儿囟不合者，先天缺陷，肾气不充也。龟藏神于阴，复使阴出于
阳，故能合囟。久服则阴平阳秘，故轻身不饥。《本经》只说龟甲，后人以甲熬胶，功用相
同，其质稍滞。甲性坚劲，胶性柔润，学人以意会之，而分用焉，可也。
气味辛、温，无毒。主要功效是驱除恶气，杀灭鬼精物，去除三虫蛊毒，治疗温疟、惊痫。长期服用可祛除邪气，避免在睡眠中做噩梦或被梦魇困扰。
（麝的形态像獐子但体型较小，毛色黑，常食用柏叶及蛇虫，其香气位于肚脐处，因此得名“麝脐香”。李时珍说：麝的香气传播得远，所以称为麝香。麝香生长在阴茎前的皮内，另有膜袋包裹它，到了冬天香气充满，春天时更加浓郁，麝会用爪子剔出并覆盖藏在土里，这样的香气最佳，但不容易得到。出自羌夷地区的麝香多为真品，品质最好；出自隋郡、义阳、晋溪等地蛮族聚居区的次之；出自益州的，形状扁平且多有伪造。凡是真正的麝香，一个完整的香块可分为三四份，刮取血膜，掺杂其他物质，并用四足的膝皮包裹来售卖。卖的人又进一步造假，使用者需加以辨别。）
凡是香料都生于草木之中，而麝香唯独出于精血。它是具有神奇作用的香料，气味辛散温行。所谓“辟恶气”，是因为它的臭味馨香。所谓“杀鬼精物，去三虫蛊毒”，是因为其辛温香窜的特性，能从内部透发出来，使阴类邪气自然消除。温疟的症状是先发热后发冷，病位在肾。麝香的香气生于肾，所以能治疗温疟。惊痫是由于心气昏迷，痰涎壅滞所致。麝香辛温通窍，所以能治疗惊痫。长期服用能使脏腑机关通畅利达，从而祛除邪气，不再出现梦中惊醒或梦魇的情况。
气味甘、平，无毒。主要治疗漏下赤白（阴道分泌物异常），破除症瘕积聚和疟疾，治疗五痔、阴蚀（外阴溃烂）、湿痹、四肢沉重乏力，以及小儿囟门不合。长期服用可使身体轻盈且不感饥饿。
（龟在江河湖海中都有，近处以湖州、江州、交州出产的为上品。龟甲白色且厚实，色泽分明，入药效果最好。有生活在水中的，也有生活在山中的，入药宜选用水龟。古时候上下甲都使用，到了日华子只使用下板，后人便跟随这种做法。陶弘景说：入药宜用生龟炙烤后使用。日华子说：腹下曾被灼烧十次的，称为败龟板，入药效果好。吴球说：先贤使用败龟板是为了补阴，借助其气息。现在的人使用被钻过或煮过的，其性气已经不存在了。只有灵山各个山谷中，因风吹落而自然死亡的龟甲最佳。田池中长成后自然脱落的次之。被人打坏的又次之。我认为：龟通灵神且多寿，如果是自死的，那是生病的龟。经过灼烧的，灵性已失。只有生龟板炙烤后使用为佳。）
介虫三百六十种，龟为首领。龟的形象符合离卦，其神志在于坎卦，头缩入腹中，肠系连接头部，这是阳气下归于阴，又能引导阴气上行的药物。主要治疗漏下赤白，是因为它能通利阴气并使其上行。破除症瘕，是因为介虫属金，具有攻坚的能力。疟疾，这里指阴疟。阳气归入阴分，则阴寒之气自然消除，所以能治疗阴疟。五痔、阴蚀，是指五痔溃烂缺损受伤，如同阴虫侵蚀一般。阳气进入阴分，则阴虫自然消散。肠系连接头部，说明下部的气机能提升，所以五痔阴蚀可以治愈。湿痹导致四肢沉重乏力，是因为湿气形成痹证，致使四肢沉重乏力。龟生活在水中，性能胜湿，龟甲属于甲胃（此处指代坚硬的外壳属性），质地主坚强，所以湿痹及四肢沉重乏力可以治愈。小儿囟门不合，是先天缺陷，肾气不充盛。龟将神志藏于阴分，又能使阴气出于阳分，所以能使囟门闭合。长期服用则阴阳平和秘固，所以身体轻盈且不感饥饿。《神农本草经》只提到龟甲，后人将龟甲熬制成胶，功用相同，但其质地稍显滞涩。龟甲性质坚劲，龟胶性质柔润，学者应用心领会，分别使用，是可以的。
Taste and Nature: Acrid, Warm, Non-toxic.
Main Actions: Expels evil qi, kills ghostly essences and objects, eliminates three types of parasites and gu poison, treats warm malaria (Wen Nue), and jing xian (convulsions and epilepsy). Long-term use removes pathogenic factors and prevents nightmares or sleep paralysis.
(Note: The musk deer resembles a small roe deer with black fur, commonly eating cypress leaves and snakes/insects. Its fragrance is located at the navel, hence the name "Musk Umbilical Fragrance." Li Shizhen stated: "The fragrance of musk travels far, thus it is called Musk Xiang." It is produced inside the skin anterior to the penis, enclosed in a separate membrane sac. In winter, the scent fills the sac; by spring, it becomes even more intense. The animal scratches it out and hides it under the soil with its own claws; this type yields the best quality but is difficult to obtain. Musk from Qiangyi regions is mostly authentic and of the highest quality. That from Sui Commandery, Yiyang, and Jinxi barbarian areas is second best. Musk from Yizhou is flat-shaped and often counterfeit. Genuine musk pieces can be divided into three or four parts; the blood membrane is scraped off, mixed with other substances, wrapped in the skin of the four legs' knees, and sold. Sellers further forge it, so users must discern authenticity.)
All fragrances originate from trees and plants, but Musk Xiang uniquely originates from essence and blood. It is a miraculous fragrance with an acrid, dispersing, and warm-moving nature. The action of "expelling evil qi" is due to its pleasant aroma. The actions of "killing ghostly essences and eliminating parasites/gu poison" are due to its acrid, warm, and penetrating nature, which emanates from within, causing yin-type pathogens to dissipate. Warm malaria (Wen Nue) involves fever preceding chills, with the pathology rooted in the Kidney. Since Musk Xiang's fragrance arises from the Kidney, it treats warm malaria. Jing xian (convulsions/epilepsy) results from confusion of Heart Qi and obstruction by phlegm-saliva. Musk Xiang, being acrid, warm, and opening orifices, treats these conditions. Long-term use unblocks and facilitates the mechanisms of the zang-fu organs, thereby removing pathogens and preventing waking nightmares or sleep oppression.
***
Taste and Nature: Sweet, Neutral, Non-toxic.
Main Actions: Treats leukorrhea with red and white discharge (Lou Xia Chi Bai), breaks up masses and nodules (Zheng Jia) and malaria, treats five types of hemorrhoids (Wu Zhi), genital erosion (Yin Shi), damp-bi syndrome, heaviness and weakness of the four limbs, and failure of the fontanelle to close in children. Long-term use lightens the body and suppresses hunger.
(Note: Turtles are found in rivers, lakes, and seas. Those from Huzhou, Jiangzhou, and Jiaozhou are considered superior. The shell should be white, thick, and clearly colored for the best medicinal quality. Some live in water, others on land; aquatic turtles are preferred for medicine. Ancient texts used both upper and lower shells, but Ri Hua Zi used only the plastron (lower plate), a practice followed by later generations. Tao Hongjing stated: Use raw turtle shell, roasted before use. Ri Hua Zi said: Plastrons that have been burned ten times on the underside are called "Bai Gui Ban" (Defeated Turtle Shell) and are excellent for medicine. Wu Qiu said: Ancients used defeated turtle shell to tonify Yin, borrowing its qi. Modern people use drilled or boiled shells, where the medicinal qi is lost. The best are those that fell naturally due to wind in the valleys of Lingshan. Those that shed naturally in fields/pools are next best. Those broken by humans are inferior. I argue: Turtles possess spiritual intelligence and longevity; if they die naturally, it indicates illness. Roasted shells have lost their spiritual efficacy. Only raw turtle shell, roasted before use, is optimal.)
Among the 360 species of shelled creatures (Jie Chong), the turtle is the leader. The turtle's form corresponds to the Li trigram, while its spirit resides in the Kan trigram. With the head retracting into the abdomen and the intestines connecting to the head, it represents Yang Qi descending into Yin and facilitating the ascent of Yin Qi. It treats leukorrhea by promoting the ascent of Yin Qi. It breaks up masses because shelled creatures belong to Metal, which has the ability to attack hardness. Malaria here refers to Yin malaria. When Yang Qi returns to Yin, Yin-cold pathogens are eliminated, treating Yin malaria. Five hemorrhoids and genital erosion involve ulceration and damage similar to erosion by Yin parasites. When Yang enters Yin, Yin parasites disperse. The connection of intestines to the head implies that sinking Qi can be lifted, curing hemorrhoids and erosion. Damp-bi causing limb heaviness and weakness is due to dampness forming bi syndrome. Turtles live in water and overcome dampness; their shells represent the Metal element (hardness/strength), curing damp-bi and limb weakness. Failure of the pediatric fontanelle to close is a congenital defect due to insufficient Kidney Qi. The turtle stores spirit in Yin and brings Yin out to Yang, thus closing the fontanelle. Long-term use harmonizes and secures Yin and Yang, resulting in a light body and reduced hunger. The *Shennong Ben Cao Jing* mentions only Turtle Shell; later generations boiled the shell into gelatin (Gui Ban Jiao). The functions are similar, but the texture is slightly more stagnant. Turtle shell is hard and firm; gelatin is soft and moist. Scholars should understand this distinction and use them accordingly.