【气味】
甘温无毒。又曰有毒。
【主治】
女子赤白沃。安胎。止吐血鼻衄。令人肥健。捣根绞汁服半升。主崩中血下立瘥。
叶治肠痈腹脏瘀血。作运扑损。生研酒并小便任服。又恶疮疥癣同盐研 之。
【气味】
甘温无毒。
【主治】
养精保血。破宿血。生新血。暴下血血崩。金疮出血呕血等。绞取汁温服。作煎和
糖。合金疮及蜘蛛蛇蝎毒。服之亦佳。治热毒风并胸膈烦闷。开胃下食。退热补虚损。苗去
烦热。生研汁服。作菜食除风热。夏月热烦不止。捣汁半升服之瘥。小蓟力微。只可退热。
不似大蓟能健养下气也。大小蓟皆能破血。但大蓟兼疗痈肿。而小蓟专主血。不能消肿也。
（酒醋浸过。面包煨熟用良。）
【气味】
辛温无毒。其色黑。能破气中之血。入气药中发诸香。
【主治】
虽为泄剂。亦能益气。所以大小七香丸集香丸散。皆因之以治气短不相接续也。
【气味】
苦平无毒。
【主治】
腰脊强。关机缓急周痹。寒湿膝痛。颇利老人。疗失溺不节。男女脚弱腰痛。风邪
淋露。少气目暗。坚脊利俯仰。女子伤中关节重。男子女人毒风软脚。肾气虚弱。续筋骨。
补益男子。强肝肾。治风虚。
（即马蔺子。凡入药。炒过用。治疝则以醋拌炒之。）
【气味】
甘平无毒。
【主治】
皮肤寒热。胃中热气。风寒湿痹坚筋骨。令人嗜食。久服轻身。止心烦满。利大小
便。长肌肤肥大。疗金疮血内流痈肿有效。妇人血气烦闷。产后血晕。并经脉不止。崩中带
下。消一切疮疖。止鼻衄吐血。通小肠。消酒毒。治黄病。杀蕈毒。敷蛇虫咬。治小腹疝痛
。腹内冷积水痢诸病。
【花实及根叶】
【主治】
去白虫。疗喉痹。多服令人溏泄。主痈疽恶疮。
【气味】
味甘，性温，无毒。另一种说法认为其有毒。
【主治】
治疗妇女赤白带下。安胎。止吐血和鼻出血。使人身体肥壮强健。将根捣碎绞取汁液服用半升。主治子宫出血（崩中）导致的阴道大量流血，可立即痊愈。
叶子治疗肠痈及腹内脏器的瘀血。制作成膏药用于跌打损伤。生研后与酒或小便混合任意服用。又可用于恶疮、疥癣，同盐一起研磨外敷。
【气味】
味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】
滋养精气，保护血液。破除陈旧瘀血，生成新血。治疗急性下血、血崩。金创出血、呕血等。绞取汁液温服。制成煎剂加糖服用。配合治疗金创以及蜘蛛、蛇、蝎的毒伤。服用效果也很好。治疗热毒风邪以及胸膈烦闷。开胃助消化。退热补虚损。嫩苗去除烦热。生研汁液服用。做成菜肴食用可祛除风热。夏季持续热烦不止时，捣汁半升服用可痊愈。小蓟药力微弱，只能退热。不像大蓟能健养下气。大小蓟都能破血，但大蓟兼治痈肿，而小蓟专主止血，不能消肿。
（用酒醋浸泡过，面包包裹煨熟后使用效果良好。）
【气味】
味辛，性温，无毒。其色黑。能破除气分中的瘀血。在理气药中加入可激发各种香药的效力。
【主治】
虽然属于泄降之剂，也能益气。所以大小七香丸、集香丸散等方剂，都利用它来治疗气短、呼吸不相接续的症状。
【气味】
味苦，性平，无毒。
【主治】
治疗腰脊僵硬。关节拘急不舒及周身痹痛。寒湿引起的膝痛。颇利于老年人。治疗遗尿失禁。男女脚弱腰痛。风邪淋沥露注。少气目暗。使脊骨坚固，利于俯仰动作。女子内伤导致关节沉重。男子女人毒风软脚。肾气虚弱。续接筋骨。补益男子。强壮肝肾。治疗风虚证。
【气味】
味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】
治疗皮肤寒热。胃中热气。风寒湿痹，坚固筋骨。使人食欲增加。久服可使身体轻健。止心烦满闷。利大小便。促进肌肤生长肥大。治疗金创血内流及痈肿有效。妇人血气烦闷。产后血晕。月经淋漓不止。崩中带下。消除一切疮疖。止鼻出血、吐血。通利小肠。消除酒毒。治疗黄疸病。杀灭菌类毒素。敷贴蛇虫咬伤。治疗小腹疝痛。腹内冷积水痢等各种疾病。
[Flavor and Nature]
Sweet, warm, non-toxic. Another view states it is toxic.
[Indications]
Treats leukorrhea (vaginal discharge) of red or white color in women. Calms the fetus. Stops hematemesis (vomiting blood) and epistaxis (nosebleed). Makes the body robust and strong. Crush the root, extract juice, and take half sheng. It treats metrorrhagia (uterine bleeding) with massive vaginal hemorrhage, leading to immediate recovery.
The leaves treat intestinal abscess and blood stasis in abdominal organs. Prepared as a plaster for traumatic injuries. When raw and ground, mixed with wine or urine, it can be taken at will. Also used for malignant sores, scabies, and tinea corporis, ground together with salt for external application.
[Flavor and Nature]
Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Nourishes essence and protects blood. Breaks down old blood and generates new blood. Treats acute lower bleeding and metrorrhagia. For traumatic wounds with bleeding, hematemesis, etc. Extract juice and take warm. Prepare as a decoction with sugar. Combined for treating traumatic wounds and venom from spiders, snakes, and scorpions. Taking it is also beneficial. Treats wind-heat toxicity and chest/epigastric restlessness. Opens the stomach and promotes digestion. Clears heat and tonifies deficiency. The young shoots remove restlessness. Take raw juice. Eating it as a vegetable dispels wind-heat. In summer, for persistent heat and restlessness, crush and take half sheng of juice for recovery. Dianthus superbus (Xiaoji) has weak efficacy and only clears heat. Unlike Cirsium japonicum (Daji), it cannot strengthen and nourish Qi descending. Both Dianthus superbus and Cirsium japonicum break blood, but Cirsium japonicum additionally treats carbuncles and swellings, whereas Dianthus superbus specifically stops bleeding but does not reduce swelling.
(Soaked in wine and vinegar, wrapped in bread, and baked until cooked for best results.)
[Flavor and Nature]
Pungent, warm, non-toxic. Its color is black. It breaks blood stasis within Qi. Added to Qi-regulating herbs, it enhances the aroma of various fragrant herbs.
[Indications]
Although it is a draining agent, it can also tonify Qi. Therefore, formulas such as Da Xiao Qi Xiang Wan (Great and Small Fragant Pill) and Ji Xiang Wan San all use it to treat shortness of breath and discontinuous respiration.
[Flavor and Nature]
Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Treats stiffness of the waist and spine. Joint rigidity and general bi-syndrome. Knee pain due to cold-dampness. Particularly beneficial for the elderly. Treats enuresis and lack of control. Leg weakness and lower back pain in men and women. Wind-pathogen dripping and exposure. Shortness of Qi and dim vision. Strengthens the spine and facilitates flexion and extension. Internal injury in women causing heavy joints. Toxic wind and soft legs in men and women. Kidney Qi deficiency. Continues tendons and bones. Tonifies men. Strengthens Liver and Kidneys. Treats wind-deficiency syndrome.
(Also known as Iris lactea var. chinensis seed. For medicinal use, stir-fry before use. To treat hernia, stir-fry with vinegar.)
[Flavor and Nature]
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Treats alternating chills and fever of the skin. Heat in the stomach. Wind-cold-damp bi-syndrome, strengthens tendons and bones. Increases appetite. Long-term use makes the body light. Stops mental restlessness and fullness. Promotes urination and defecation. Promotes skin growth and fat gain. Effective for traumatic wounds with internal bleeding and carbuncle swellings. For women's blood-Qi restlessness. Postpartum syncope due to blood loss. Menorrhagia or metrorrhagia. Leukorrhea with bleeding. Eliminates all sores and boils. Stops epistaxis and hematemesis. Unblocks the Small Intestine. Resolves alcohol toxicity. Treats jaundice. Kills mushroom toxins. Apply for snake and insect bites. Treats lower abdominal hernia pain. Cold water accumulation and dysentery in the abdomen, among other diseases.
[Flowers, Fruits, Roots, and Leaves]
[Indications]
Expels roundworms. Treats bi-syndrome of the throat. Excessive intake causes loose stools. Treats carbuncles and malignant sores.