【气味】
苦平有小毒。
【主治】
小儿百病。诸惊痫寒热。口不开。大人癫狂。中风失音。清心化热。利痰凉惊。痘
疮紫色。发狂谵语等症。盖牛之有黄。因其病在心及肝胆之间。凝结成黄也。故还能治心及
肝胆之病。凡中风入脏者。必用牛雄脑麝之剂。入骨髓。透肌肤。以引风出。若风中于腑及
血脉者忌用。恐反引风邪流入于骨髓。如油入面。莫之能出也。
【气味】
苦寒无毒。乃厥阴药也。
【主治】
其功专于杀虫。清热明目。镇心。疗小儿癫痫惊风。祛五疳。杀三尸。研末敷 齿
甚妙。治湿癣出黄汗。
【气味】
辛苦寒无毒。属火与土有水。其性轻扬。上行入心及胞络。
【主治】
补血下气。生肌止血。破恶血。治阳毒。祛胃下血频痛。
【气味】
甘大寒无毒。姜汁为之使。（凡取竹沥。宜用淡苦竹者佳。以竹截长五六寸。以瓶
盛倒悬。下用一器承之。周遭以火逼之。其沥滴流于器内。）
【主治】
风痹。胸中大热。止烦闷。消渴劳复。养血清痰。风痰虚痰在膈胸。令人癫狂。痰
在经络四肢及皮里膜外。非此不能达。治子冒风 。解射罔毒。凡阴虚则发热。竹沥味甘性
缓。能除阴虚之有大热者。寒而能补。与山药寒补义同。大寒言其功。非独言其气也。其性
滑痰。非助以姜汁不能行。诸方治胎产金疮口噤。与血虚自汗。消渴小便多。皆是阴虚之
病。无不用之。然寒湿胃虚滑肠之人。服之则反伤肠胃。
【气味】
味苦，性平，有轻微毒性。
【主治】
治疗小儿的各种疾病。包括各种惊痫、寒热交替、牙关紧闭（口不开）。治疗成人癫狂、中风失音。具有清心火、化热邪、利痰浊、凉惊风的作用。适用于痘疮颜色紫暗、发狂、说胡话等症状。大概是因为牛体内产生黄（牛黄），是由于病邪在心及肝胆之间凝结而成。所以牛黄还能治疗心和肝胆的疾病。凡是中风邪气侵入脏腑的，必须使用含有牛黄、雄黄、脑麝等成分的药剂。这些药物能深入骨髓，穿透肌肤，以引出风邪。如果风邪仅中于腑及血脉，则忌用牛黄，恐怕反而会将风邪引入骨髓，就像油渗入面粉一样，无法再排出。
【气味】
味苦，性寒，无毒。属于厥阴经的药物。
【主治】
其功效专在于杀虫、清热、明目、镇心安神。治疗小儿癫痫、惊风。祛除五疳（五种小儿疳积病）、杀死三尸（中医认为寄居人体内的三种害虫，指代致病因素）。研成粉末敷在牙齿上非常有效。治疗湿癣流出黄色汗液。
【气味】
味辛、苦，性寒，无毒。属性涉及火、土与水。其性质轻扬，向上运行，进入心包络。
【主治】
补血、降气。促进肌肉生长、止血。破除瘀血。治疗阳毒。祛除胃下部出血引起的频繁疼痛。
【气味】
味甘，性大寒，无毒。姜汁是其引经药。（凡采集竹沥，宜选用淡苦竹为佳。将竹子截成五六寸长的一段，用瓶子盛装并倒悬，下方放置一个容器承接，四周用火烘烤逼迫，竹沥便滴流到容器中。）
【主治】
治疗风痹、胸中大热。缓解烦闷。治疗消渴病及劳复（大病初愈因劳累复发）。滋养血清化痰。对于膈胸部位的风痰、虚痰，导致人癫狂；或者痰在经络、四肢以及皮里膜外，非此药不能到达。治疗子冒风（妊娠期间感受风邪或相关病症）。解射罔（一种毒药）之毒。凡是阴虚则发热，竹沥味甘性缓，能清除阴虚引起的大热。其寒性中具有补益作用，与山药的寒补意义相同。“大寒”是指其功效显著，不仅仅指其气性。其性质滑利，能祛痰，但如果不借助姜汁引导则无法发挥作用。各方剂治疗胎产损伤、金创（金属利器造成的创伤）、口噤（牙关紧闭）、血虚自汗、消渴小便多等，都是阴虚类疾病，无不使用竹沥。然而，对于寒湿、胃虚、滑肠（大便稀溏）的人，服用则会反而损伤肠胃。
[Odor and Flavor]
Bitter, neutral in nature, slightly toxic.
[Indications]
Treats various diseases in children. Includes various types of convulsions and epilepsy (Jingxian), alternating chills and fever, trismus (lockjaw). Treats adult mania (Diankuang), stroke with aphonia (loss of voice). Clears Heart heat, transforms phlegm, cools to calm fright, and resolves phlegm. Indicated for varicella with purple lesions, mania, and delirium. Generally, the formation of "Huang" (calculus) in cattle occurs due to pathogenic factors condensing between the Heart and the Liver/Gallbladder. Therefore, it can also treat diseases of the Heart and Liver/Gallbladder. In cases where wind-stroke pathogens have entered the Zang organs, preparations containing Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis), Xionghuang (Realgar), Nao (Camphora), and She (Moschus) must be used. These substances penetrate deep into the bone marrow and skin to expel wind. However, if wind strikes only the Fu organs or the vessels and collaterals, Niuhuang is contraindicated, as it may inadvertently draw wind pathogens deeper into the bone marrow, resembling oil penetrating flour, from which they cannot be extracted.
[Odor and Flavor]
Bitter, cold in nature, non-toxic. It is a herb entering the Jueyin channel.
[Indications]
Its efficacy specializes in killing parasites, clearing heat, brightening the eyes, and calming the Heart. It treats pediatric epilepsy and convulsive disorders (Jingfeng). It dispels the Five Kindling diseases (Wugang) and eliminates the Three Corpses (Sanshi, parasitic entities causing disease). When ground into powder and applied to teeth, it is highly effective. It treats damp tinea with exudation of yellow fluid.
[Odor and Flavor]
Pungent and bitter, cold in nature, non-toxic. Its properties relate to Fire, Earth, and Water. Its nature is light and ascending, entering the Heart and Pericardium collateral.
[Indications]
Nourishes blood and directs Qi downward. Promotes tissue regeneration and stops bleeding. Breaks up stagnant blood. Treats Yang toxicity. Dispels frequent pain caused by lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
[Odor and Flavor]
Sweet, extremely cold in nature, non-toxic. Ginger juice serves as its guiding vehicle. (To extract Zhuli [Bamboo Sap], it is best to use Dan Ku Zhu [light bitter bamboo]. Cut the bamboo into segments five to six cun long, place them in bottles inverted, position a vessel underneath to catch the drip, and apply fire around the bottle to force the sap out.)
[Indications]
Treats Wind-Bi obstruction, excessive heat in the chest, relieves irritability and oppression. Treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome) and Lao Fu (relapse after illness due to overexertion). Nourishes blood and clears phlegm. For wind-phlegm and deficiency-phlegm located in the diaphragm and chest, causing mania; or for phlegm lodged in the meridians, limbs, or within the subcutaneous fascia, this substance is the only one capable of reaching these depths. It treats Zi Mao Feng (wind-strike during pregnancy). It detoxifies She Wang poison. Whenever Yin deficiency generates internal heat, Zhuli, being sweet and mild in action, can clear severe heat arising from Yin deficiency. Its cold nature possesses a tonifying quality, similar to the cold-tonifying property of Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma). The term "extremely cold" refers to its potent efficacy, not merely its thermal nature. Its slippery nature helps resolve phlegm, but without the aid of ginger juice, it cannot circulate effectively. Various formulas utilize it for conditions such as obstetric injuries, metal wounds, trismus, spontaneous sweating due to blood deficiency, wasting-thirst, and polyuria. All these are considered Yin deficiency patterns, for which Zhuli is invariably used. However, for individuals with cold-dampness, Spleen/Stomach deficiency, or loose stools, administration may damage the digestive system.