【气味】
甘平无毒。升而微降。阳中阴也。入足太阳足少阴经。
【主治】
疟。利水道。解伤寒瘟疫大热。发汗。主肿胀满腹急痛。治渴除湿。去心中懊
。泻膀胱。开腠理。故张仲景治消渴脉浮。小便不利微热者。猪苓散发其汗。病欲饮水而复
吐。名为水逆。冬时寒嗽如疟状者。亦用猪苓。此即五苓散也。此皆苦以泄滞。甘以取阳。
淡以利窍。功长于除湿利小便也。久服损人肾气。昏人眼目。用者忌之。
【气味】
甘寒无毒。沉而降。阴中微阳。入足太阳少阴经。
【主治】
逐膀胱三焦停水。利五淋。宣通水道。长于行水。起阴气。止泄精消渴淋漓。但本
经云泽泻久服令人耳目聪明。扁鹊又云多服令人目盲。此何以故。大凡脾胃积有湿热。则头
重而目昏耳鸣。泽泻渗去其湿。
热亦随去。土得其令。清气上行。故其功长于养五脏益气力。治头旋。聪明耳目也。若久服
则降令又复太过。清气不升。真阴潜耗。肾开窍于目。安得不令目盲耶。又庸医罔识。见仲
景之治杂病心下有支饮苦冒者。以泽泻汤。治伤寒有大小泽泻汤。治泄泻有五苓散。遂谓泽
泻之功泻肾居多。每遇泄精滑肾之症。辄不敢用。并妄为著作。曰仲景八味丸中有泽泻。接
引
桂附归就肾经。反能泄肾。有删而去之之议。岂知八味丸中有地黄山萸肉茯苓牡丹皮皆肾经
之药。附子官桂又原属右肾命门之药。不待泽泻之接引而自至其所。用泽泻者。诚以补药之
中。必兼泻邪。邪去则补药得力。实泻中之补也。
【气味】
味甘，性平，无毒。药势主升而微降。属于阳中蕴阴之品。归足太阳膀胱经和足少阴肾经。
【主治】
疟疾。通利水道。解除伤寒瘟疫引起的大热。发汗。主治腹部肿胀、胀满、急痛。治疗口渴、祛除湿邪。消除心中烦闷不适。泻除膀胱湿热。开通腠理（皮肤毛孔及纹理）。所以张仲景治疗消渴病（以多饮、多尿、多食易饥为主要特征的疾病）脉象浮、小便不利且伴有轻微发热者，用猪苓散发其汗；若病人想喝水却又呕吐，称为“水逆”证；冬季寒冷时咳嗽如疟疾状者，也使用猪苓。这些方剂即五苓散（由猪苓、泽泻、白术、茯苓、桂枝组成的方剂）。这些功效都是利用苦味以泄滞气，甘味以助阳气，淡味以利窍道。其特长在于祛除湿邪、通利小便。长期服用会损伤人的肾气，使人视力模糊。使用者应忌讳这一点。
【气味】
味甘，性寒，无毒。药势主沉而降。属于阴中微含阳气之品。归足太阳膀胱经和足少阴肾经。
【主治】
驱逐膀胱和三焦中的停积水液。通利五种淋证（指小便频数短涩、滴沥刺痛、欲出未尽、小腹拘急或痛引腰腹的病证）。宣通水道。长于行水利尿。激发阴气。止住泄精、消渴及淋漓不尽的症状。但是《神农本草经》说泽泻长期服用能让人耳目聪明；扁鹊又说多服会让人失明。这是什么原因呢？大凡脾胃积存有湿热，就会头重脚轻、眼睛昏花、耳鸣。泽泻渗利去除湿气，热气也随之而去。脾土得其正常功能，清气上行，所以它的功效长于滋养五脏、益气力、治疗头晕目眩、使耳目聪明。如果长期服用，则沉降之力太过，导致清气不能上升，真阴暗中消耗。肾开窍于目，怎么能不让人失明呢？另外，庸医不懂此理，看到张仲景治疗杂病中心下有支饮（水饮停留于胸胁之间）导致头部昏蒙者，使用泽泻汤；治疗伤寒有大小泽泻汤；治疗泄泻有五苓散，于是认为泽泻的功效大多在泻肾。每次遇到泄精滑肾的症状，就不敢使用。并胡乱著书立说，说张仲景的八味丸（金匮肾气丸）中含有泽泻，是作为引经药引导附子、肉桂、当归进入肾经，反而能泻肾，甚至提议将其删去。哪里知道八味丸中含有地黄、山茱萸、茯苓、牡丹皮都是入肾经的药物，附子、官桂原本就属于右肾命门（人体生命活动的原动力所在）的药物，不需要泽泻的引导也会自然到达其所。使用泽泻的原因，确实是因为在补益药中必须兼有泻除邪气的药物，邪气去除后补药才能发挥作用，这实际上是泻中之补。
[Flavor and Nature]
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Ascending with slight descending action. Yin within Yang. Enters the Foot-Taiyang (Bladder) and Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney) meridians.
[Indications]
Malaria. Promotes water passage. Relieves severe heat caused by Cold Damage (Shanghan) and epidemic febrile diseases. Induces sweating. Mainly treats abdominal swelling, fullness, and acute pain. Treats thirst, dispels dampness, and removes mental restlessness (Ao'ao). Drains the Bladder. Opens the interstices (Couli). Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing uses Zhu Ling (Polyporus) to induce sweating in cases of Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst disease) with floating pulse, difficulty in urination, and slight fever; when a patient desires to drink but vomits immediately after drinking, it is called "Water Reversal" (Shui Ni); during winter, coughing resembling malaria is also treated with Zhu Ling. These refer to Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria). These effects utilize bitter flavor to drain stagnation, sweet flavor to gather Yang Qi, and bland flavor to benefit orifices. Its strength lies in dispelling dampness and promoting diuresis. Long-term use damages Kidney Qi and blurs vision. Users should avoid this.
[Flavor and Nature]
Sweet, cold, non-toxic. Sinking and descending. Slight Yang within Yin. Enters the Foot-Taiyang (Bladder) and Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney) meridians.
[Indications]
Expels retained water in the Bladder and San Jiao (Triple Burner). Benefits the five types of Lin syndrome (dysuria). Unblocks water passages. Excels at promoting water metabolism. Raises Yin Qi. Stops seminal emission, Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst), and dribbling. However, the *Shennong Bencao Jing* states that long-term use of Ze Xie (Alisma Rhizome) makes ears and eyes clear; Bian Que states that excessive use causes blindness. Why is this? Generally, when Spleen and Stomach accumulate damp-heat, one experiences heavy head, blurred vision, and tinnitus. Ze Xie渗利 (seeps out) the dampness, and heat follows. When Earth (Spleen) receives its proper command, clear Qi ascends. Thus, its efficacy excels in nourishing the Five Zang organs, boosting Qi and strength, treating vertigo, and clarifying the ears and eyes. If used for a long time, the descending action becomes excessive, preventing clear Qi from ascending, leading to latent consumption of True Yin. Since the Kidney opens into the eyes, how can it not cause blindness? Furthermore, mediocre physicians fail to understand this. Seeing Zhang Zhongjing use Ze Xie Tang for miscellaneous diseases involving Zhi Yin (branching fluid retention) causing mental cloudiness, using Da/Xiao Ze Xie Tang for Cold Damage, and Wu Ling San for diarrhea, they conclude that Ze Xie mostly drains the Kidney. Whenever encountering symptoms of seminal emission and Kidney slipping, they dare not use it. They recklessly write books claiming that Ze Xie in Ba Wei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill) acts as a guiding agent for Fu Zi (Aconite Root), Rou Gui (Cinnamon Bark), and Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis) to enter the Kidney meridian, thereby draining the Kidney, and even propose removing it. How could they know that Di Huang (Rehmannia Root), Shan Zhu Yu (Cornus Fruit), Fu Ling (Poria), and Mu Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex) in Ba Wei Wan are all herbs entering the Kidney meridian, and Fu Zi and Rou Gui originally belong to the Right Kidney and Ming Men (Gate of Life)? They reach their destination without needing Ze Xie's guidance. The reason for using Ze Xie is indeed that in tonic formulas, there must be herbs that drain pathogenic factors; once pathogens are removed, the tonic herbs can take effect. This is essentially tonification through draining.