主治益脾。补气。利二便。消水肿。消渴。除烦疗痈肿解热毒。子去皮肤风痒。
嗽。冬瓜汤。冬瓜（切）八合。栝蒌一钱二分。茯苓知母各八分。麦冬五分。粟米二合五勺。
水五升。煮至一升四合。布绞去滓温服。治小儿渴痢量儿大小加减。又方。冬瓜
煎清水阴凉任服。治霍乱大渴。又方。冬瓜子五七十粒。冰糖蒸汤饮。治咳嗽
瓜主治除热利肠。暖胃。补阳化痰。凉血。络通经络消浮肿。治黄积血气作痛疝痛
肿。二便下血。肠风痔漏妇人崩中。乳汁不下。小儿胎毒。疗痈疽疮肿。叶疗卵 痈疽。
肿癣疮。藤治脑漏。齿 。杀虫解毒。丝瓜散。干丝瓜烧存性研末。温酒调下。治妇
不行。丝瓜叶膏。丝瓜叶韭叶连须葱各等分。入石臼内研如泥。热酒冲和去滓服。
病在左手傅左腋。右傅右腋。并傅胁下。左足傅左胯。右傅右胯。在中敷心脐。并用布缚。
候红丝白为安。治脉骨疔。病者须令人抱持。不可跌倒发颤。跌倒者难救。又方。防风荆芥
各一两。升麻半两。姜三片。水一盏煎至半盏。丝瓜子研取浆半盏和灌。治卒然中风。手足
麻者羌活煎汤洗。又方。陈锻石新锻石丝瓜根叶韭菜根各等分。捣千下。作饼阴干。用时研
末敷治刀创。又方。丝瓜藤近根者三五尺。烧存性。研末。每服一钱。温酒
中时流臭黄水。
【白冬瓜】
主治：有益脾、补气、利大小便、消水肿、治消渴、除烦、疗痈肿、解热毒的功效。其子可去皮肤风痒、咳嗽。
方剂一（冬瓜汤）：
取冬瓜（切片）八合，栝蒌一钱二分，茯苓、知母各八分，麦冬五分，粟米二合五勺。加水五升，煮至一升四合，用布过滤去渣，温服。此方用于治疗小儿口渴痢疾，剂量需根据患儿年龄大小增减。
方剂二：
将冬瓜煎煮后，取清液，置于阴凉处，任人服用。用于治疗霍乱引起的大渴。
【丝瓜】
主治：有除热、利肠、暖胃、补阳、化痰、凉血、通经络、消浮肿的功效。用于治疗黄积、血气作痛、疝痛、肿痛、大小便下血、肠风痔漏、妇人崩中、乳汁不下、小儿胎毒、疗痈疽疮肿。叶可用于治疗卵痈疽、肿癣疮。藤可用于治疗脑漏、齿痛。具有杀虫解毒功效。
方剂一（丝瓜散）：
取干丝瓜烧存性，研为细末，用温酒调服。用于治疗妇人经闭不行。
方剂二（丝瓜叶膏）：
取丝瓜叶、韭叶、连须葱各等分，放入石臼内研成泥状，用热酒冲服，去渣。若病在左手，则敷于左腋；若在右手，则敷于右腋；均同时敷于胁下。若病在左足，则敷于左胯；若在右足，则敷于右胯。若病在中部，则敷于心脐部位。并用布带缚紧。待患处红丝变白即为平安。用于治疗脉骨疔。患者必须让人抱持固定，不可跌倒或颤抖，若跌倒者难以救治。
方剂三：
取防风、荆芥各一两，升麻半两，生姜三片，加水一盏，煎至半盏。加入丝瓜子研取的浆汁半盏，混合灌服。用于治疗突然中风导致的手足麻木。
方剂四：
取陈锻石、新锻石、丝瓜根叶、韭菜根各等分，捣一千下，制成饼状阴干。用时研末外敷，用于治疗刀创。
方剂五：
取丝瓜藤靠近根部的一段三五尺长，烧存性，研为细末。每次服用一钱，用温酒送服。用于治疗流臭黄水之症。
[Bai Donggua / White Winter Melon]
Indications: Benefits the spleen, tonifies Qi, promotes urination and defecation, reduces edema, treats thirst (Xiao Ke), relieves irritability, treats carbuncles and swellings, and resolves heat toxins. The seeds can relieve skin pruritus and cough.
Formula 1 (Donggua Tang / Winter Melon Decoction):
Take eight he of sliced Donggua (Benincasa hispida fruit), one qian two fen of Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus), eight fen each of Fuling (Poria) and Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), five fen of Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix), and two he five shao of Sumi (Setaria italica grain). Add five sheng of water, boil until reduced to one sheng four he, filter through cloth to remove dregs, and take warm. This formula is used to treat thirst and dysentery in children; dosage should be adjusted according to the child's age and size.
Formula 2:
Boil Donggua, take the clear liquid, keep it in a cool place, and drink as desired. It is used to treat excessive thirst caused by Huoluan (Cholera-like syndrome).
Formula 3:
Take fifty to seventy Donggua seeds, steam them with Bingtang (Rock Sugar), and drink the decoction. It is used to treat cough.
[Sigua / Luffa]
Indications: Clears heat, benefits the intestines, warms the stomach, tonifies Yang, transforms phlegm, cools blood, unblocks collaterals, reduces swelling. It is used to treat yellow accumulation, pain due to blood and Qi stagnation, hernia pain, swellings, bleeding from stool or urine, Changfeng (intestinal wind) and hemorrhoids/fistulas, Benzhong (metrorrhagia) in women, insufficient lactation, fetal toxin in infants, and carbuncles/ulcers/cellulitis. Leaves are used to treat testicular abscesses, swollen tinea corporis. Vines are used to treat nasal discharge (Naolou) and toothache. It has insecticidal and detoxifying properties.
Formula 1 (Sigua San / Luffa Powder):
Burn dried Sigua (Luffae Fructus) until carbonized but retaining its nature, grind into powder, and mix with warm wine for oral administration. It is used to treat amenorrhea in women.
Formula 2 (Sigua Ye Gao / Luffa Leaf Paste):
Take equal parts of Sigua leaves, Jiu ye (Allium tuberosum leaves), and Lianxu Congbai (Scallion white with roots). Grind in a stone mortar into a paste. Mix with hot wine, filter, and take orally. If the lesion is on the left hand, apply to the left axilla; if on the right hand, apply to the right axilla; also apply to both hypochondriac regions. If on the left foot, apply to the left groin; if on the right foot, apply to the right groin. If in the center, apply to the heart and umbilicus area. Bind firmly with cloth. When red threads turn white, it indicates safety/recovery. It is used to treat Maigu Ding (pulse bone ding/spiculum). The patient must be held firmly by others and must not fall or tremble; if they fall, it is difficult to save.
Formula 3:
Take Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) and Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba) each one liang, Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) half liang, and three slices of Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma). Add one zhan of water, boil until reduced to half zhan. Add half zhan of juice extracted from ground Sigua seeds, mix, and administer orally. It is used to treat sudden stroke causing numbness in hands and feet.
Formula 4:
Take Chen Duanshi (Aged Ferrous Carbonate), Xin Duansshi (Fresh Ferrous Carbonate), Sigua genye (Luffa root and leaves), and Jiucai gen (Allium tuberosum root) in equal parts. Pound one thousand times, form into cakes, and dry in shade. When needed, grind into powder and apply externally to treat knife wounds.
Formula 5:
Take Sigua teng (Luffa vine) near the root, three to five chi long, burn until carbonized but retaining its nature, and grind into powder. Take one qian per dose, administered with warm wine. It is used to treat conditions involving the flow of foul-smelling yellow fluid.