（《纲目》）
【释名】黑兜虫。
【集解】
时珍曰∶九香虫，产于贵州永宁卫赤水河中。大如小指头，状如水黾，身青黑色。至冬
伏于石下，土人多取之，以充人事。至惊蛰后即飞出，不可用矣。
【气味】咸，温，无毒。
【主治】膈脘滞气，脾肾亏损，壮元阳（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶《摄生方》∶乌龙丸∶治上证，久服益人，四川何
方∶用九香虫一两（半生、焙），车前子（微炒）、陈橘皮各四钱，白术（焙）五钱，杜仲（酥
炙）八钱。上为末，炼蜜丸梧桐子大。每服一钱五分，以盐白汤或盐酒服，早晚各一服，此
方妙在此虫。
（《海药》）
【集解】
李 曰∶按∶《南州记》云∶海蚕生南海
粉状。每有节，难得真者，彼人以水搜葛粉、锻石，以梳齿印成伪充之。纵服无益，反能损
人，宜慎之。
沙
【气味】咸，大温，无毒。
【主治】虚劳冷气，诸风不遂。久服补虚羸，令人光泽，轻身延年不老
（《纲目》）
【释名】雪蛆。
【集解】
时珍曰∶按叶子奇《草木子》云∶雪蚕生阴山以北，及峨嵋山北，人谓之雪蛆。二山
积雪，历世不消。其中生此，大如瓠，味极甘美。又王子年《拾遗记》云∶员峤之山有冰蚕，
长六、七
投火不燎。尧时海人献之，其质轻暖柔滑。按∶此亦雪蚕之类也。
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。
【主治】解内热渴疾（时珍）。
（《本草纲目》）
【释名】黑兜虫。
【集解】
李时珍说：九香虫，产于贵州永宁卫赤水河中。体型如小指头大小，形状像水黾（一种水生昆虫），身体呈青黑色。到了冬天潜伏在石头下面，当地人经常捕捉它们，用来作为进贡给皇室的物品。等到惊蛰节气之后就会飞出来，就不能使用了。
【气味】味咸，性温，无毒。
【发明】李时珍说：《摄生方》中的乌龙丸：治疗上述病症，长期服用有益人体。四川何方的用法是：用九香虫一两（一半生用、一半焙干），车前子（微炒）、陈橘皮各四钱，白术（焙干）五钱，杜仲（用酥炙过）八钱。以上药物研成细末，用炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的药丸。每次服用一钱五分，用盐开水或盐酒送服，早晚各一次，这个方子的妙处在于这种虫子。
（《海药本草》）
【集解】
李珣说：据《南州记》记载：海蚕生于南海，呈粉状。每节都有纹理，很难得到真品，那里的人用水调和葛粉和锻石，用梳齿压出印记来伪造冒充。即使服用了也没有益处，反而损害人体，应当谨慎对待。
【气味】味咸，大热，无毒。
【主治】虚劳冷气，各种风邪导致的肢体活动不利。长期服用可补益虚弱消瘦之体，使人面色光泽，身体轻健，延年益寿不老。
（《本草纲目》）
【释名】雪蛆。
【集解】
李时珍说：据叶子奇《草木子》记载：雪蚕生长在阴山以北以及峨眉山北，人们称之为雪蛆。这两座山积雪终年不化。其中生长着这种虫子，大小如葫芦，味道极其甘美。又据王子年《拾遗记》记载：员峤山上有一种冰蚕，长六七寸，投入火中不被烧毁。尧帝时代有海边之人进献此物，其质地轻暖柔滑。按：这也属于雪蚕一类。
【气味】味甘，性寒，无毒。
(From *Bencao Gangmu* / Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Names] Heidou Chong (Black Pocket Bug).
[Collected Explanations]
Li Shizhen stated: Jiuxiang Chong (Stink Bug) is produced in the Chishui River, Yongning Guard, Guizhou. It is as large as a little finger, resembling a water strider (*Gerridae*), with a bluish-black body. In winter, it hides under stones; local people often capture them to offer as tribute to the court. After the Awakening of Insects (Jingzhe) solar term, they fly out and are no longer usable.
[Aroma and Flavor] Salty, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Stagnant Qi in the chest, diaphragm, and epigastrium; Spleen and Kidney deficiency; strengthening Yuan Yang (Primordial Yang) (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: In *Shesheng Fang* (Prescriptions for Regulating Life), there is Wulong Wan (Black Dragon Pill): used to treat the above conditions; long-term consumption benefits the human body. The prescription from He Fang in Sichuan uses: Jiuxiang Chong (one liang, half raw, half roasted), Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen, slightly stir-fried), Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium aged) each four qian, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, roasted) five qian, Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex, processed with su/animal fat) eight qian. These are ground into powder, mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Each dose is one qian five fen, taken with salted clear water or salted wine, morning and evening. The efficacy of this formula lies in this insect.
(From *Haiyao Bencao* / Materia Medica of Sea Medicines)
[Collected Explanations]
Li Xun stated: According to *Nanzhou Ji*, Haican (Sea Silkworm) grows in the South Sea and appears in powder form. It has distinct segments, but genuine specimens are rare. Locals mix Ge Fen (Puerariae Radix starch) and Duanshi (calcined minerals) with water, pressing comb-like marks onto it to forge and pass off as fake. Even if consumed, it provides no benefit and may harm the body; caution is advised.
[Aroma and Flavor] Salty, very warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Deficiency-wasting with cold qi; various wind syndromes causing limb dysfunction. Long-term consumption tonifies deficiency and emaciation, imparts luster to the complexion, lightens the body, prolongs life, and prevents aging.
(From *Bencao Gangmu* / Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Names] Xuequ (Snow Maggot).
[Collected Explanations]
Li Shizhen stated: According to Ye Ziqi’s *Caomu Zi*, Xuecan (Snow Silkworm) grows north of Yinshan and north of Mount Emei; people call it Xuequ. Snow on these two mountains persists through generations without melting. This creature lives within, as large as a gourd, with an extremely sweet and delicious taste. Additionally, Wang Zi Nian’s *Shiyi Ji* records that on Mount Yuanqiao, there is Bingcan (Ice Silkworm), six or seven cun long, which does not burn when thrown into fire. During the reign of Emperor Yao, sea dwellers presented it; its texture was light, warm, soft, and smooth. Note: This also belongs to the category of Xuecan.
[Aroma and Flavor] Sweet, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Resolving internal heat and thirst-related diseases (Li Shizhen).