李时珍曰∶《神农本草》，人物惟发 一种，所以别人于物也。后世方伎之士，至于骨、
肉、胆、血，咸称为药，甚哉不仁也。今于此部凡经人用者，皆不可遗。惟无害于义者，则
详述之。其惨忍邪秽者则略之，仍辟断于各条之下。通计三十七种，不复分类。旧本二十五
种。今移五种入服器部，自玉石部移入一种。《神农本草经》一种（梁陶弘景注） 《名医
别录》五种（梁陶弘景注） 《唐本草》一种（唐苏恭） 《本草拾遗》八种（唐陈藏器） 《日
华本草》二种（宋人大明） 《开宝本草》一种（宋马志） 《嘉 本草》四种（宋掌禹锡）
《证类本草》一种（宋唐慎微） 《本草蒙筌》一种（明陈嘉谟） 《本草纲目》一十三种
（明李时珍）
【附注】魏《吴普本草》 李当之《药录》 宋雷 《炮炙》 齐徐之才《药对》 孙
思邈《千金》 甄权《药性》 唐孟诜《食疗》 蜀韩保升《重注》 宋寇宗 《衍义》 元
李杲《法象》 王好古《汤液》 朱震亨《补
（凡三十七种，附二条）
（音被。《本经》）
【释名】 （音总。甄立言）、
李当之曰∶发 是童男发。
弘景曰∶不知发 审是何物？ 字书记所无。或作蒜音，今人呼斑发为蒜发，书家亦呼
乱发为鬈，恐即鬈也。童男之理，或未全明。
恭曰∶此发 ，根也，年久者用之神效。字书无 字，即发字误矣。既有乱发，则发
去病。用陈久者，如船茹、败天公、蒲席，皆此例也。甄立言本草作 。 ，亦发也。鬈乃
发美貌，有声无质，陶说非矣。
宗 曰∶发 、乱发，自是两等。发 味苦，即陈旧经年岁者，如橘皮、半夏取陈者入
药更良之义。今人谓之头 。其乱发条中自无用 之义，二义甚明，不必过搜
时珍曰∶发 ，乃剪 下发也；乱发，乃梳栉下发也。按∶许慎《说文》云∶大人曰髡，
小儿曰剃。顾野王《玉篇》云∶ ， 也。 ，发 也。二说甚明。古者刑人 发，妇人以
之被髻，故谓之发 。《周礼》云∶王后夫人之服，有以发 为首饰者是矣。又诗云∶ 发
如云，不屑 也。甄权所谓发 ，雷 所谓二十男子顶心剪切发者，得之矣。李当之以为童
男发，陶弘景以为鬈发，苏恭以为发根，宗 以为陈发者，并误矣。且顾野王在苏恭之前，
恭不知《玉篇》有 字，亦欠考矣。《毛苌诗传》云∶被之僮僮。被，首饰也。编发为之，
即此 也。
【修治】 曰∶发 ，是男子年二十以来，无疾患，颜貌红白，于顶心剪切者。入丸药
膏中用，先以苦参水浸一宿，漉出入瓶子，以火 赤，放冷研用。
时珍曰∶今人以皂荚水洗净，晒干，入罐固济， 存性用，亦良。
【气味】苦，温，无毒。《别录》∶小寒。
【主治】五癃关格不通，利小便水道，疗小儿痫，大人 。仍自还神化（《本经》）。合
鸡子黄煎之，消为水，疗小儿惊热百病（《别录》）。止血闷血晕，金疮伤风，血痢，入药烧
存性。用煎膏，长肉消瘀血（大明）。
【发明】韩保升曰∶《本经》云∶自还神化。李当之云∶神化之事，未见别方。按《异
苑》云∶人发变为鳝鱼。神化之异，应此者也。又藏器曰∶生人发挂果树上，乌鸟不敢来食
其实。又人逃走，取其发于纬车上却转之，则迷乱不知所适。此皆神化。
时珍曰∶发者血之余。埋之土中，千年不朽，煎之至枯，复有液出。误食入腹，变为症
虫； 治服饵，令发不白。此正神化之应验也。
【附方】旧三，新三。
石淋痛涩∶发 烧存性，研末。每服用一钱，井水服之。（《肘后方》）
伤寒黄病∶发 烧研，水服一寸匕，日三。（《伤寒类要》）
胎衣不下∶乱发、头 结，撩喉、口中。（孙真人方）
小儿客忤，因见生人所致∶取来人囟上发十茎、断儿衣带少许，合烧研末。和乳饮儿，
即愈。（《千金方》）
急肚疼病∶用本人头发三十根，烧过酒服。即以水调芥子末，封在脐内，大汗如雨，即
安。（谈野翁方）
瘭癌恶疮∶生发灰，米汤服二钱。外以生发灰三分，皂荚刺灰二分，白芨一分，为末。
干掺，或以猪胆汁调。（《直指
李时珍说：《神农本草经》中，人物类只有头发这一种，所以将人区别于其他物类。后世的方技之士，以至于骨、肉、胆、血，都称为药物，这太不仁义了。现在在这个部类中，凡是经过人使用的，都不可以遗漏。只有那些不违背道义的，才详细叙述它们。那些残忍邪秽的则简略处理，并在各条目下加以辟除说明。总计三十七种，不再分类。旧本有二十五种。现在移五种入服器部，从玉石部移入一种。《神农本草经》一种（梁代陶弘景注） 《名医别录》五种（梁代陶弘景注） 《唐本草》一种（唐代苏恭） 《本草拾遗》八种（唐代陈藏器） 《日华本草》二种（宋代寇宗奭） 《开宝本草》一种（宋代马志） 《嘉祐本草》四种（宋代掌禹锡） 《证类本草》一种（宋代唐慎微） 《本草蒙筌》一种（明代陈嘉谟） 《本草纲目》十三种（明代李时珍）
【附注】魏国《吴普本草》 李当之《药录》 宋代雷斅《炮炙》 齐代徐之才《药对》 孙思邈《千金方》 甄权《药性论》 唐代孟诜《食疗》 蜀地韩保升《重注》 宋代寇宗奭《衍义》 元代李杲《医学发明》 王好古《汤液本草》 朱震亨《丹溪心法》
（共三十七种，附两条）
（音bèi。《本经》）
【释名】 （音zǒng。甄立言）、
李当之说：发髲是童男的头发。
陶弘景说：不知道发髲到底是什么东西？字书中没有这个字。或者读作蒜的音，现在人叫斑白头发为蒜发，书法家也叫乱发为鬈，恐怕就是鬈发吧。童男头发的道理，或许还没有完全弄明白。
苏恭说：这种发髲，是发根，年代久远的用之神效。字书中没有髲字，就是发字的误写罢了。既然有乱发，那么头发就能去病。使用陈旧已久的，就像船茹、败天公、蒲席，都是这个例子。甄立言的本草写作“髲”，髲，也是发。鬈乃是头发美貌，有声无质，陶弘景的说法不对。
寇宗奭说：发髲、乱发，自然是两等。发髲味苦，就是陈旧经过年岁的，就像橘皮、半夏取陈久的入药更好的意义。现在人叫它头髲。在乱发条中自然没有用髲的意义，两种意义很明确，不必过分搜索。
李时珍说：发髲，是剪下来的头发；乱发，是梳栉掉下的头发。按：许慎《说文解字》说：大人叫髡，小儿叫剃。顾野王《玉篇》说：髲，髡也。髲，发髲也。两种说法很明确。古代刑罚之人剃发，妇人用它来披戴成髻，所以叫它发髲。《周礼》说：王后夫人的服饰，有用发髲作为首饰的就是这样。又《诗经》说：鬓发如云，不屑髢也。甄权所说的发髲，雷斅所说的二十岁男子顶心剪切下的头发，就是这个意思。李当之以它为童男发，陶弘景以为它是鬈发，苏恭以为它是发根，寇宗奭以为它是陈发，都错了。而且顾野王在苏恭之前，苏恭不知道《玉篇》中有髲字，也是缺乏考证了。《毛苌诗传》说：被之僮僮。被，首饰也。编发为之，即此髢也。
【修治】雷斅说：发髲，是男子二十岁以来，无疾病，颜貌红白，在顶心剪切下来的。入丸药膏中使用，先用苦参水浸泡一夜，捞出放入瓶子，用火烤至红赤，放冷后研磨使用。
李时珍说：现在人用皂荚水洗净，晒干，装入罐中密封固济，存性使用，也很好。
【气味】苦，温，无毒。《别录》：小寒。
【主治】五癃关格不通，利小便水道，治疗小儿痫疾，大人中风不语。仍能自还神化（《本经》）。配合鸡子黄煎煮，化为水，治疗小儿惊热百病（《别录》）。止血闷血晕，金疮伤风，血痢，入药烧存性。用来煎膏，长肉消瘀血（寇宗奭）。
【发明】韩保升说：《本经》说：自还神化。李当之说：神化之事，未见别的方子。按《异苑》说：人发变为鳝鱼。神化的奇异，应该是指这个。又陈藏器说：活人的头发挂在果树上，乌鸟不敢来吃它的果实。又有人逃走，取他的头发在纬车上倒转，就迷乱不知去向。这些都是神化。
李时珍说：发是血的余气。埋在土中，千年不腐烂，煎煮到枯干，又有液体流出。误食入腹，变成症虫；治疗服用，让头发不白。这正是神化的应验。
【附方】旧方三个，新方三个。
石淋痛涩：发髲烧存性，研末。每次服用一钱，井水送服。（《肘后方》）
伤寒黄病：发髲烧研，水服一寸匕，每天三次。（《伤寒类要》）
胎衣不下：乱发、头髲结，撩喉、口中。（孙真人方）
小儿客忤，因见生人所致：取来人囟上发十茎、断儿衣带少许，合烧研末。和乳饮儿，即愈。（《千金方》）
急肚疼病：用本人头发三十根，烧过酒服。即以水调芥子末，封在脐内，大汗如雨，即安。（谈野翁方）
瘭癌恶疮：生发灰，米汤服二钱。外以生发灰三分，皂荚刺灰二分，白芨一分，为末。干掺，或以猪胆汁调。（《直指方》
Li Shizhen stated: In the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica), among human substances, only hair is listed; thus, humans are distinguished from other entities. Later practitioners of medical arts went so far as to consider bones, flesh, gallbladder, and blood as medicines, which is extremely inhumane. Now, in this section, anything used by humans shall not be omitted. Only those that do not violate moral principles will be described in detail. Those that are cruel or unclean will be briefly mentioned, with explanations provided at the end of each entry. In total, there are thirty-seven types, without further classification. The old editions contained twenty-five types. Five have been moved to the "Utensils" section, and one has been transferred from the "Jade and Stone" section. *Shennong Bencao Jing* (one type, annotated by Tao Hongjing of Liang) *Mingyi Bielu* (five types, annotated by Tao Hongjing of Liang) *Tang Bencao* (one type, by Su Gong of Tang) *Bencao Shiyi* (eight types, by Chen Cangqi of Tang) *Rihua Bencao* (two types, by Da Ming of Song) *Kaibao Bencao* (one type, by Ma Zhi of Song) *Jia You Bencao* (four types, by Zhang Yuxi of Song) *Zhenglei Bencao* (one type, by Tang Shenwei of Song) *Bencao Mengquan* (one type, by Chen Jiamo of Ming) *Bencao Gangmu* (thirteen types, by Li Shizhen of Ming).
[Appendix] Wei Dynasty's *Wu Pu Bencao*, Li Dangzhi's *Yaolu*, Song Dynasty Lei Xiao's *Paozhi*, Qi Dynasty Xu Zhicai's *Yadui*, Sun Simiao's *Qianjin Fang*, Zhen Quan's *Xingyao Lun*, Tang Dynasty Meng Shen's *Shiliao*, Shu Han Baosheng's *Chongzhu*, Song Dynasty Kou Zongshi's *Yanyi*, Yuan Dynasty Li Gao's *Yixue Faming*, Wang Haogu's *Tangye Bencao*, Zhu Zhenheng's *Danxi Xinfa*.
(Total thirty-seven types, with two appendices.)
(Pronounced bèi. *Benjing*).
[Names] (Pronounced zǒng. Zhen Liyan),
Li Dangzhi said: Fabi refers to the hair of an unmarried boy.
Tao Hongjing said: I do not know what exactly Fabi is? It does not appear in dictionaries. Or it might be pronounced like 'suan' (garlic); nowadays people call graying hair 'suan fa', and calligraphers also refer to messy hair as 'quan'. It is likely that it refers to curly hair. The rationale regarding unmarried boys may not be fully clear.
Su Gong said: This Fabi refers to the root of the hair; those that are aged are extremely effective. The character 'bi' does not exist in dictionaries, so it is likely a miswriting of 'fa' (hair). Since there is 'luan fa' (messy hair), then hair can cure diseases. Using old and worn-out items follows this logic, such as boat reeds, decayed heavenly officials, and rush mats. Zhen Liyan's materia medica writes it as 'bi'. Bi also means hair. Quan refers to beautiful hair, having sound but no substance; Tao's statement is incorrect.
Kou Zongshi said: Fabi and luan fa are distinct. Fabi tastes bitter, referring to hair that has aged over years, similar to the principle that aged tangerine peel and Pinellia tuber are better for medicinal use. Nowadays people call it tou bi. In the entry for luan fa, there is naturally no meaning of using bi; the two meanings are very clear, and there is no need to search excessively.
Li Shizhen said: Fabi refers to cut hair; luan fa refers to hair fallen from combing. According to Xu Shen's *Shuowen Jiezi*: For adults, it is called kun; for children, it is called ti. Gu Yewang's * Yupian* states: Bi means kun. Bi refers to fabi. Both explanations are clear. In ancient times, criminals had their hair shaved, and women used it to form headdresses, hence it was called fabi. The *Zhou Li* states: The attire of queens and consorts included hair ornaments. Also, the *Book of Songs* says: "Hair like clouds, disdainful of bi." What Zhen Quan referred to as fabi, and Lei Xiao referred to as hair cut from the crown of a twenty-year-old man, aligns with this. Li Dangzhi considered it hair of an unmarried boy, Tao Hongjing thought it was curly hair, Su Gong thought it was hair roots, and Kou Zongshi thought it was aged hair; all were mistaken. Moreover, Gu Yewang lived before Su Gong, and Su Gong did not know that the character 'bi' existed in *Yupian*, showing a lack of research. The *Mao Chang Shi Zhuan* states: "Bei zhi tong tong." Bei refers to head ornaments, made of braided hair, which is this bi.
[Preparation] Lei Xiao said: Fabi should be hair cut from the crown of a man who is over twenty years old, free from disease, with a ruddy complexion. To be used in pills or ointments, first soak it in Sophora flavescens water overnight, drain, place in a bottle, heat until red-hot, let cool, and grind for use.
Li Shizhen said: Nowadays, people wash it clean with soap pod water, dry it, store it in a jar sealed tightly, and use it retaining its nature, which is also good.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Bitter, warm, non-toxic. *Bielu*: Slightly cold.
[Indications] Obstruction of the five stranguries and guan-ge syndrome, promoting urination through the water passages, treating pediatric epilepsy, and adult stroke with aphasia. It still possesses miraculous transformative powers (*Benjing*). Combined with egg yolk and decocted into water, it treats various childhood febrile diseases due to fright (*Bielu*). It stops bleeding, treats syncope due to blood stagnation, wind-stroke from metal wounds, and bloody dysentery; when used medicinally, it is burned to retain its charred nature. Used in decoctions for ointments, it promotes tissue regeneration and resolves blood stasis (Da Ming).
[Elucidation] Han Baosheng said: *Benjing* mentions "miraculous transformation." Li Dangzhi said: No other formulas demonstrate this transformation. According to *Yi Yuan*: Human hair transforms into eels. This explains the miracle of transformation. Chen Cangqi also said: Hanging fresh human hair on fruit trees prevents birds from eating the fruit. If a fugitive's hair is placed on a spinning wheel and turned backwards, the pursuer becomes disoriented. These are examples of miraculous transformations.
Li Shizhen said: Hair is the surplus of blood. Buried in soil, it remains intact for a thousand years; even when boiled to dryness, liquid still exudes. If accidentally ingested, it forms abdominal masses; if used therapeutically, it prevents graying. This is indeed the verification of miraculous transformation.
[Attached Formulas] Three old, three new.
Stone strangury with pain and difficulty: Burn fabi to retain its charred nature, grind into powder. Take one qian per dose, administered well water. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Typhoid with jaundice: Burn fabi and grind, administer one cun-bi with water, three times daily. (*Shanghan Leiyao*)
Retained placenta: Use luan fa and tou bi knots, insert into throat and mouth. (Sun Simiao's Formula)
Pediatric Ke-wu (fright caused by seeing strangers): Take ten strands of fontanelle hair from the visitor and a small piece of the baby's umbilical cord, burn together and grind into powder. Mix with milk and feed to the infant, which will cure immediately. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Acute abdominal pain: Use thirty hairs from the patient, burn them, and take with wine. Then, mix mustard seed powder with water and apply to the umbilicus. Profuse sweating like rain will occur, bringing relief. (Tan Ye Weng's Formula)
Severe malignant ulcers: Take raw hair ash, two qian taken with rice soup. Externally, mix three parts raw hair ash, two parts soap pod thorn ash, and one part Bletilla striata rhizome into powder. Apply dry, or mix with pig bile. (*Zhizhi Fang*)