（《拾遗》）
【校正】自草部移入此。
【集解】藏器曰∶仙人杖生剑南平泽。叶似苦苣，丛生。陈子昂《观玉篇·序》云∶予
从补阙乔公北征，夏四月次于张掖。河洲草木无他异者，惟有仙人杖往往丛生。予家世代服
食者，昔常饵之。因为乔公言其功，同族王仲烈甘心食之。人或谓乔公曰∶此白棘也。公乃
讥予。因作《观玉篇》焉。
颂曰∶仙人杖有三物同名∶一种是菜类，一种是枯死竹笋之色黑者，枸杞一名仙人杖是
也。此仙人杖乃作菜茹者，白棘木类，何因相似？或曰∶乔公所谓白棘乃枸棘，是枸杞之有
针者。《本经》枸棘无白棘之名，又其味苦，此菜味甘。乃知草木之类，多而难识，使人惑
疑似之言，以真为伪，宜乎子昂论著之详也。
时珍曰∶别有仙人草，生阶除间，高二、三寸。又有仙人掌草，生于石壁上。皆与此名
同物异，不可不审。并见石草类。
【气味】甘，小温，无毒。
【主治】作茹食，去痰癖，除风冷（大明）。久服
长生，坚筋骨，令人不老（藏器）。
（《唐本草》）
【校正】自草部移入此。
【释名】耩耨草（音构糯）、金簪草（《纲目》）、黄花地丁。
时珍曰∶名义未详。孙思邈《千金方》作凫公英，苏颂《图经》作仆公罂，《庚辛玉册
》作鹁鸪英。俗呼蒲公丁，又呼黄花地丁。淮人谓之白鼓钉，蜀人谓之耳瘢草，关中谓之狗
乳草。按∶《土宿本草》云∶金簪草一名地丁，花如金簪头，独脚如丁，故以名之。
【集解】保升曰∶蒲公英草生平泽田园中。茎、叶似苦苣，断之有白汁。堪生啖。花如
单菊而大。四月、五月采之。
颂曰∶处处有之。春初生苗，叶如苦苣，有细刺。中心抽一茎，茎端出一花，色黄如金
钱。俗讹为仆公罂是也。
宗 曰∶即今地丁也。四时常有花，花罢飞絮，絮中有子，落处即生。所以庭院间皆有
者，因风而来。
时珍曰∶地丁，江之南北颇多，他处亦有之，岭南绝无。小科布地，四散而生，茎、叶
、花、絮并似苦苣，但小耳。嫩苗可食，《庚辛玉册》云∶地丁叶似小莴苣，花似大旋 ，
一茎耸上三、四寸，断之有白汁。二月采花，三月采根。可制汞，伏三黄。有紫花者，名大
丁草，出太行、王屋诸山。陈州亦有，名烧金草。能 朱砂。一种相类而无花者，名地胆草，
亦可伏三黄、砒霜。
苗
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】妇人乳痈肿，水煮汁饮及封之，立消（恭）。
解食毒，散滞气，化热毒，消恶肿、结核、疔肿（震亨）。掺牙，乌须发，壮筋骨（时
珍）。
白汁∶涂恶刺、狐尿刺疮，即愈（颂）。
【发明】杲曰∶蒲公英苦寒，足少阴肾经君药也，本经必用之。
震亨曰∶此草属土，开黄花，味甘。解食毒，散滞气，可入阳明、太阴经。化热毒，消
肿核，有奇功。同忍冬藤煎汤。入少酒佐服，治乳痈，服罢欲睡，是其功也。睡觉微汗，病
即安矣。颂曰∶治恶刺方，出孙思邈《千金方》。其序云∶邈以贞观五年七月十五日夜，以
左手中指背触着庭木，至晓遂患痛不可忍。经十日，痛日深，疮日高硕，色如熟小豆色。常
闻长者论有此方，遂用治之。手下则愈，痛亦除，疮亦即瘥，未十日而平复如故。杨炎《南
行方》亦着其效云。
时珍曰∶萨谦斋《瑞竹堂方》，有擦牙乌须发还少丹，甚言此草之功，盖取其能通肾也
。故东垣李氏言其为少阴本经必用之药，而着本草者不知此义。
【附方】新五。
还少丹，昔日越王曾遇异人得此方，极能固齿牙，壮筋骨，生肾水。凡年未及八十者，
服之须发返黑，齿落更生。年少服之，至老不衰。得遇此者，宿有仙缘，当珍重之，不可轻
泄∶用蒲公英一斤（一名耩耨草，又名蒲公罂，生平泽中，三、四月甚有之，秋后亦有放花
者，连根带叶取一斤洗净，勿令见天日），晾干，入斗子。解盐一两，香附子五钱，二味为
细末，入蒲公草内淹一宿，分为二十团，用皮纸三、四层裹扎定，用六一泥（即蚯蚓粪）如
法固济，入灶内焙干，乃以武火 通红为度，冷定取出，去泥为末。早晚擦牙漱之，吐、咽
任便，久久方效。（《瑞竹堂方》）。
乳痈红肿∶蒲公英一两，忍冬藤二两。捣烂，水二钟，煎一钟，食前服。睡觉病即去矣。
（《积德堂方》）。
疳疮疔毒∶蒲公英捣烂覆之，即黄花地丁也。别更捣汁，和酒煎服，取汗。（唐氏方）。
多年恶疮∶蒲公英捣烂贴。（《救急方》）。
蛇螫肿痛∶方同上。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【校正】从草部移入此条。
【集解】陈藏器说：仙人杖生长在剑南的平原沼泽地带。叶子像苦苣菜，丛聚在一起生长。陈子昂在《观玉篇·序》中说：“我跟随补阙乔公向北征讨，夏季四月驻扎在张掖。河洲上的草木没有其他特别的，只有仙人杖常常丛生。我家世代服用它，过去经常吃它。因此我把它的功效告诉乔公，同族王仲烈也乐意食用它。有人对乔公说：这是白棘啊。乔公便讥笑我。于是我便写了《观玉篇》。”
苏颂说：仙人杖有三种同名之物：一种是蔬菜类，一种是枯死竹笋中颜色发黑的，枸杞也叫仙人杖。这种作为蔬菜食用的仙人杖是白棘木类，为什么相似呢？有人说：乔公所指的白棘其实是枸棘，就是带刺的枸杞。《神农本草经》中枸棘没有白棘的名字，而且它的味道苦，而这种菜味道甜。由此可知草木的种类繁多难以辨认，使人被似是而非的话迷惑，把真的当作假的，难怪陈子昂论述得如此详细。
李时珍说：另外有仙人草，生长在台阶缝隙间，高二、三寸。又有仙人掌草，生长在石壁上。这些都与此物同名但实物不同，不可不仔细辨别。详见石草类。
【气味】味甘，性小温，无毒。
【主治】煮作蔬菜食用，可去除痰癖，驱除风冷（出自《日华子本草》）。长期服用可长生不老，强健筋骨，使人容颜不老（出自陈藏器）。
（出自《唐本草》）
【校正】从草部移入此条。
【释名】耩耨草（音构糯）、金簪草（《本草纲目》）、黄花地丁。
李时珍说：名称由来不详。孙思邈《千金方》写作“凫公英”，苏颂《图经本草》写作“仆公罂”，《庚辛玉册》写作“鹁鸪英”。俗称为蒲公丁，又称黄花地丁。淮地人叫它白鼓钉，蜀地人叫它耳瘢草，关中地区叫它狗乳草。按：《土宿本草》说：金簪草一名地丁，花像金簪头，单脚茎像钉子，所以以此命名。
【集解】陶保升说：蒲公英草生长在平原沼泽和田园中。茎、叶像苦苣，折断后有白色汁液。可以生吃。花像单瓣菊花但较大。四月、五月采集。
苏颂说：到处都有。春初生出苗，叶子像苦苣，有细刺。中心抽出一根茎，茎端开出一朵花，颜色黄如金钱。俗传讹误为仆公罂。
赵宗说：就是现在的地丁。四季常有花，花谢后飞絮，絮中有种子，落地即生。所以庭院间都有，是因为风吹来的。
李时珍说：地丁，长江南北很多，其他地方也有，岭南绝对没有。低矮贴地生长，四散而生，茎、叶、花、絮都像苦苣，只是较小。嫩苗可食用，《庚辛玉册》说：地丁叶像小莴苣，花像大旋覆花，一茎耸立向上三、四寸，折断后有白色汁液。二月采花，三月采根。能炼制汞，制约三黄。有紫花的，名叫大丁草，出产于太行、王屋等山。陈州也有，名叫烧金草。能炼化朱砂。一种相似但没有花的，名叫地胆草，也能制约三黄、砒霜。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】治疗妇人乳痈肿痛，用水煮汁饮用并外敷，立即消散（出自寇宗奭）。
解除食物中毒，疏散滞气，化解热毒，消除恶肿、结核、疔疮（出自朱震亨）。掺入牙中，可使须发变黑，强壮筋骨（出自李时珍）。
白色汁液：涂抹恶刺、狐尿刺引起的疮疡，即可痊愈（出自苏颂）。
【发明】张杲说：蒲公英味苦寒，是足少阴肾经的主药，是本经必用的药物。
朱震亨说：此草属土，开黄花，味甘。能解除食物中毒，疏散滞气，可进入阳明、太阴经。化解热毒，消肿核，有奇效。与忍冬藤一起煎汤。加入少量酒辅助服用，治疗乳痈，服完后想睡觉，这就是药效的作用。睡醒后微微出汗，病就好了。苏颂说：治疗恶刺的方子，出自孙思邈《千金方》。其序言说：孙思邈在贞观五年七月十五日夜，用左手手背触到庭院树木，到天亮就患痛难忍。经过十天，疼痛加深，疮疡高起，颜色像熟透的小豆子。常听长辈谈论有这个方子，于是用它治疗。手下则愈，疼痛也消除，疮疡随即好转，不到十天就恢复如初。杨炎《南行方》也记载了它的疗效。
李时珍说：萨谦斋《瑞竹堂方》中有擦牙乌须发还少丹，极力称赞此草的功效，大概是取它能通肾的缘故。所以东垣李氏说它是少阴本经必用的药，而编写本草的人不知道这个含义。
【附方】新收录五首。
还少丹：昔日越王曾遇到异人得到此方，极能坚固牙齿，强壮筋骨，滋生肾水。凡是年龄未满八十岁的人，服用后须发返黑，掉落的牙齿重新生长。年轻人服用，到老也不衰弱。得到此方的人，前世有仙缘，应当珍重，不可轻易泄露：用蒲公英一斤（一名耩耨草，又名蒲公罂，生长在平原沼泽中，三、四月很多，秋后也有开花的，连根带叶取一斤洗净，不要让它见天日），晾干，放入斗子中。食盐一两，香附子五钱，两味研成细末，放入蒲公英草内浸泡一夜，分为二十团，用皮纸三、四层包裹扎紧，用六一泥（即蚯蚓粪）按规定密封，放入灶内焙干，然后用武火烧至通红为止，冷却后取出，去掉泥土研成粉末。早晚刷牙漱口，吐或咽都可以，久了才见效。（出自《瑞竹堂方》）。
乳痈红肿：蒲公英一两，忍冬藤二两。捣烂，加水两钟，煎成一钟，饭前服用。睡醒后病即去除。（出自《积德堂方》）。
疳疮疔毒：蒲公英捣烂覆盖患处，即黄花地丁。另外再捣汁，和酒煎服，取汗。（出自《唐氏方》）。
蛇咬肿痛：方子同上。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
[Correction] Transferred from the Grass section.
[Collected Explanations] Chen Zangqi said: Xianrenzhang (Immortal Cane) grows in the plains and marshes of Jiannan. The leaves resemble those of Sonchus oleraceus (bitter lettuce), growing in clumps. Chen Zi'ang wrote in the Preface to "Guan Yu Pian": "I accompanied Buque Qiao on a northern expedition. In the fourth month of summer, we stationed at Zhangye. Among the grasses and trees on the river islets, nothing else was remarkable except that Xianrenzhang grew frequently in clusters. My family has consumed it for generations; I used to take it often. Therefore, I told Duke Qiao about its efficacy, and my clansman Wang Zhonglie willingly ate it. Someone said to Duke Qiao: 'This is Baiji (White Thorn).' Duke Qiao then mocked me. Thus, I composed 'Guan Yu Pian'."
Su Song said: There are three different substances named Xianrenzhang: one is a vegetable type, one is the black-colored dead bamboo shoot, and Goji berry (Lycium chinense) is also called Xianrenzhang. This Xianrenzhang used as a vegetable belongs to the Baiji wood category; why is it similar? Some say: What Duke Qiao referred to as Baiji is actually Gouji, which is the thorny variety of Goji berry. *Shennong Bencao Jing* does not list Baiji under Gouji, and its taste is bitter, whereas this vegetable tastes sweet. From this, we know that the varieties of plants and trees are numerous and difficult to identify, leading people to be confused by ambiguous statements, mistaking the true for the false. It is no wonder that Chen Zi'ang discussed this in such detail.
Li Shizhen said: There is another plant called Xianrencao (Immortal Grass), growing between steps, two or three cun high. There is also Xianrenzhangcao (Immortal Hand Plant), growing on rock walls. All these share the same name but are different substances; they must not be confused. See the Stone Grass category.
[Taste and Properties] Sweet, slightly warm, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Boiled as a vegetable, it removes phlegm accumulation and dispels wind-cold (from *Ri Hua Zi Bencao*). Long-term consumption promotes longevity, strengthens sinews and bones, and prevents aging (from Chen Zangqi).
(From *Tang Bencao*)
[Correction] Transferred from the Grass section.
[Names] Jiangnoucao (sound like gou-nuo), Jinzancao (Golden Hairpin Grass, from *Bencao Gangmu*), Huanghua Diding (Yellow Flower Ground Ding).
Li Shizhen said: The origin of the names is unclear. Sun Simiao's *Qianjin Fang* writes it as Fugongying. Su Song's *Tu Jing* writes it as Pugongying. *Gengxin Yuce* writes it as Boguying. Commonly called Pudongding, also Huanghua Diding. People in Huai call it Baiguding. People in Shu call it Erbancao. People in Guanzhong call it Goulao. According to *Tusu Bencao*: Jinzancao is also known as Diding. Its flower resembles the head of a golden hairpin, and its single stem resembles a nail, hence the name.
[Collected Explanations] Tao Baosheng said: Pugongying grows in plains, marshes, fields, and gardens. The stems and leaves resemble Sonchus oleraceus; when broken, they exude white juice. It can be eaten raw. The flowers resemble single-petaled chrysanthemums but are larger. Harvested in April and May.
Su Song said: It is found everywhere. In early spring, shoots emerge; the leaves resemble Sonchus oleraceus with fine spines. A single stem emerges from the center, bearing a flower at the tip, yellow like a gold coin. Colloquially mispronounced as Pugongying.
Zhao Zong said: It is the current Diding. It flowers year-round. After flowering, it produces fluff containing seeds, which sprout wherever they land. Hence, it is found in courtyards, dispersed by the wind.
Li Shizhen said: Diding is abundant north and south of the Yangtze River, present elsewhere, but absent in Lingnan. It grows low to the ground, spreading outwards. Stems, leaves, flowers, and fluff resemble Sonchus oleraceus but are smaller. Young shoots are edible. *Gengxin Yuce* states: Diding leaves resemble small lettuce, flowers resemble large Inula flowers. One stem stands erect 3-4 cun high, exuding white juice when broken. Flowers harvested in February, roots in March. It can refine mercury and restrain the "Three Yellows" (Sanhuang). Those with purple flowers are called Dadingcao, found in Taihang and Wangwu mountains. Also found in Chenzhou, called Shaojincao. It can refine cinnabar. A similar variety without flowers is called Dandangcao, which can also restrain Sanhuang and arsenic trioxide.
[Taste and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats breast abscesses (Ru Yong) with swelling and pain in women. Boil in water, drink the juice, and apply externally; it dissipates immediately (from Kou Zongsu).
Resolves food toxicity, disperses stagnant Qi, transforms heat toxicity, and eliminates malignant swellings, tubercles, and carbuncles (from Zhu Zhenheng). Applied to teeth, it darkens beard and hair, and strengthens sinews and bones (from Li Shizhen).
White juice: Applied to wounds caused by thorns or fox urine, it heals immediately (from Su Song).
[Elucidation] Zhang Gao said: Pugongying is bitter and cold. It is the sovereign herb for the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian and is essential in the classic texts.
Zhu Zhenheng said: This herb belongs to Earth, opens yellow flowers, and tastes sweet. It resolves food toxicity and disperses stagnant Qi, entering the Yangming and Taiyin meridians. It transforms heat toxicity and reduces swelling nodules with miraculous efficacy. Decoct with Honeysuckle Vine (Jinyinteng). Take with a little wine. It treats breast abscesses. After ingestion, drowsiness occurs, indicating the herb's action. Upon waking, slight sweating ensues, and the illness resolves. Su Song said: The prescription for treating thorn wounds comes from Sun Simiao's *Qianjin Fang*. The preface states: In the night of July 15th in the fifth year of Zhenguan, Sun Simiao touched a courtyard tree with the back of his left middle finger. By dawn, he suffered unbearable pain. After ten days, the pain intensified, and the sore rose high, colored like a cooked mung bean. Having heard elders discuss this prescription, he used it. The pain ceased, the sore healed, and he recovered fully within ten days. Yang Yan's *Nanxing Fang* also records its efficacy.
Li Shizhen said: Sa Qianzhai's *Ruizhutang Fang* contains "Chaya Wushouhai Shao Dan" (Tooth-Rubbing Blackening Hair and Rejuvenating Pill), praising this herb's efficacy, likely due to its ability to unblock the Kidney. Therefore, Li Dongyuan stated it is an essential herb for the Shaoyin meridian, yet authors of materia medica ignored this meaning.
[Attached Prescriptions] Five new prescriptions.
Huishao Dan: Formerly, the King of Yue received this prescription from an extraordinary person. It strongly fortifies teeth, strengthens sinews and bones, and generates Kidney Water. For those under eighty years old, taking it restores black hair and regrows lost teeth. Young people who take it will not decline in old age. Those who obtain this have past-life immortal affinities; cherish it and do not leak it lightly: Use one jin of Pugongying (also called Jiangnouce or Pugongying, growing in marshes, abundant in March-April, flowering in autumn; harvest one jin including roots and leaves, wash clean, avoid sunlight), dry it, and place it in a dou. Mix one liang of salt and five qian of Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfuzi) into fine powder. Soak in the Pugongying grass overnight. Divide into twenty pills. Wrap tightly in three to four layers of hide paper. Seal with Liuyi Ni (earthworm feces). Bake in a kiln until red-hot using strong fire. Cool, remove mud, and grind to powder. Rub teeth morning and evening, spitting or swallowing as desired. Effect appears after long use. (*Ruizhutang Fang*).
Breast Abscess Redness and Swelling: One liang of Pugongying, two liang of Honeysuckle Vine (Jinyinteng). Pound into paste. Decoct with two zhong of water until one zhong remains. Take before meals. Illness resolves upon waking. (*Jidetang Fang*).
Infantile Malnutrition Sore and Carbuncle Poison: Pound Pugongying and apply to the site (this is Huanghua Diding). Separately, pound to extract juice, decoct with wine, and take to induce sweating. (*Tangshi Fang*).
Chronic Malignant Sore: Pound Pugongying and apply. (*Jiuji Fang*).
Snake Bite Swelling and Pain: Same prescription as above.