（《纲目》）
【校正】原附女贞下，今分出。
【释名】冻青。
藏器曰∶冬月青翠，故名冬青。江东人呼为冻青。
【集解】藏器曰∶冬青木肌白，有纹作象齿笏。其叶堪染绯。李邕云∶冬青出五台山
，叶似椿，子赤如郁李，微酸性热。与此小异，当是两种冬青。
时珍曰∶冻青亦女贞别种也，山中时有之。但以叶微团而子赤者为冻青，叶长而子黑者
为女贞。按∶《救荒本草》云∶冻青树高丈许，树似枸骨子树而极茂盛。又叶似楂子树叶而
小，亦似椿叶微窄而头颇圆，不尖。
五月开细白花，结子如豆大，红色。其嫩芽炸熟，水浸去苦味，淘洗，五味调之可食。
子及木皮
【气味】甘、苦，凉，无毒。
【主治】浸酒，去风虚，补益肌肤。皮之功同（藏器）。
【附方】新一。痔疮∶冬至日取冻青树子，盐酒浸一夜，九蒸九晒，瓶收。每日空心酒
吞七十粒，卧时再服。（《集简方》）。
叶
【主治】烧灰，入面膏，治皲瘃，灭瘢痕，殊效（苏颂）。
（《纲目》）
【校正】原附女贞下，今分出。
【释名】猫儿刺。
藏器曰∶此木肌白，如狗之骨。
时珍曰∶叶有五刺，如猫之形，故名。又卫矛亦名枸骨，与此同名。
【集解】藏器曰∶枸骨树如杜仲。《诗》云“南山有枸”是也。陆机《诗疏》云∶山木
也。
其状如栌，木理白滑，可为函板。有木虻在叶中，卷之如子，羽化为虻。
颂曰∶多生江浙间。南人取以旋盒器甚佳。
时珍曰∶狗骨树如女贞，肌理甚白。叶长二、三寸，青翠而浓硬，有五刺角，四时不凋。
五月开细白花。结实如女贞及菝 子，九月熟时，绯红色，皮薄味甘，核有四瓣。人采其木
皮煎膏，以粘鸟雀，谓之粘 。
木皮
【气味】微苦，凉，无毒。
【主治】浸酒，补腰脚令健（藏器）。
枝叶
【气味】同皮。
【主治】烧灰淋汁或煎膏，涂白癜风（藏器）。
（《本草纲目》）
【校正】原附在女贞条目下，现将其分出。
【释名】冻青。
藏器说：冬天依然青翠，所以叫冬青。江东人叫它冻青。
【集解】藏器说：冬青的木质肌理洁白，纹理像象牙做的笏板。它的叶子可以用来染绯红色。李邕说：冬青出产于五台山，叶子像椿树，果实红得像郁李，味道微酸且性热。这与上述描述略有不同，应当是两种不同的冬青。
时珍说：冻青也是女贞的一个变种，山中偶尔有生长。只是叶子稍微圆一些、果实红色的叫冻青，叶子长而果实黑色的叫女贞。按：《救荒本草》说：冻青树高一丈左右，树形像枸骨树但非常茂盛。又叶子像山楂树叶但较小，也像椿树叶但稍窄且顶端很圆，不尖。
五月开细小的白花，结出的果实像豆子大，红色。其嫩芽炸熟后，用水浸泡去掉苦味，淘洗干净，用五味调料调味后可以食用。果实和树皮……
【气味】甘、苦，凉，无毒。
【主治】泡酒喝，祛除风虚，补益肌肤。树皮的功用相同（藏器）。
【附方】新增一条。痔疮：冬至日取冻青树的果实，用盐和酒浸泡一夜，经过九次蒸制和九次晾晒，装入瓶中收藏。每天空腹时吞服七十粒，睡觉前再服一次。（《集简方》）。
叶
【主治】烧成灰，加入面膏中，治疗皮肤皲裂冻疮，消除瘢痕，效果显著（苏颂）。
（《本草纲目》）
【校正】原附在女贞条目下，现将其分出。
【释名】猫儿刺。
藏器说：这种树木质洁白，像狗的骨头。
时珍说：叶子有五根刺，形状像猫爪，所以得名。另外卫矛也叫枸骨，与此同名。
【集解】藏器说：枸骨树像杜仲。《诗经》中说“南山有枸”指的就是这个。陆机在《毛诗草木鸟兽虫鱼疏》中说：这是山中的树木。
它的形状像栌树，木质纹理白滑，可以做书函或木板。叶子中有木虻，卷曲起来像果实一样，羽化后变成虻虫。
苏颂说：多生长在江浙一带。南方人取用它来制作旋盒器具非常好。
时珍说：狗骨树像女贞，木质纹理非常白。叶子长二、三寸，青翠浓硬，有五根角状刺，四季不凋谢。五月开细小的白花。结的果实像女贞及菝葜子，九月成熟时呈绯红色，皮薄味甘，核有四瓣。人们采集它的树皮煎煮成膏，用来粘捕鸟雀，叫做粘胶。
木皮
【气味】微苦，凉，无毒。
【主治】泡酒喝，补益腰脚使其强健（藏器）。
枝叶
【气味】与树皮相同。
【主治】烧成灰淋出汁液或煎煮成膏，涂抹治疗白癜风（藏器）。
(Genomic Materia Medica)
[Correction] Originally appended under the entry for Ligustrum lucidum (Nüzhen), now separated.
[Names] Dongqing (Frozen Green).
Zang Qi stated: It remains verdant in winter, hence named Dongqing. People in Jiangdong call it Dongqing.
[Collected Explanations] Zang Qi stated: The wood of Ilex cornuta (Dongqing) is white with grain resembling an ivory tablet (Hu). Its leaves can be used to dye crimson red. Li Yong said: Dongqing grows in Wutai Mountain; its leaves resemble those of Toona sinensis (Chun), and its fruits are red like Prunus humilis (Yuli), with a slightly sour taste and hot nature. This differs slightly from the above description and should be two different species of Dongqing.
Shizhen stated: Dongqing is also a variant of Ligustrum lucidum (Nüzhen), occasionally found in mountains. However, those with slightly rounder leaves and red fruits are called Dongqing, while those with long leaves and black fruits are Ligustrum lucidum (Nüzhen). According to: "Jiu Huang Ben Cao" states: The Dongqing tree is about one zhang high, resembling Ilex cornuta (Gougu) but extremely lush. Also, its leaves resemble those of Crataegus pinnatifida (Zhazi) but smaller, and also resemble Toona sinensis (Chun) leaves but narrower with a rather round, non-pointed tip.
In May, it opens small white flowers and bears fruits the size of beans, red in color. Its tender shoots, when blanched and soaked in water to remove bitterness, washed clean, and seasoned with five flavors, are edible. The fruits and bark...
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, bitter, cool, non-toxic.
[Indications] Infused in wine, it dispels wind-deficiency and nourishes the skin and flesh. The bark has the same efficacy (Zang Qi).
[Attached Prescriptions] One new prescription. Hemorrhoids: On the Winter Solstice, take the fruits of the Dongqing tree, soak them in salt wine overnight, steam nine times and sun-dry nine times, store in a bottle. Swallow seventy pills with wine on an empty stomach daily, and take again before bed (Ji Jian Fang).
Leaves
[Indications] Burned to ash and added to facial cream, it treats chapped skin and frostbite, eliminates scars, with remarkable effect (Su Song).
(Genomic Materia Medica)
[Correction] Originally appended under the entry for Ligustrum lucidum (Nüzhen), now separated.
[Names] Mao'er Ci (Cat's Thorn).
Zang Qi stated: The wood of this tree is white, like dog bones.
Shizhen stated: The leaves have five thorns, resembling a cat's paw, hence the name. Additionally, Euonymus alatus (Weimao) is also named Gougu, sharing the same name.
[Collected Explanations] Zang Qi stated: The Gougu tree resembles Eucommia ulmoides (Duzhong). The Book of Songs says "There is Gougu in the southern mountain," referring to this. Lu Ji's Commentary on the Poems states: It is a mountain tree.
Its shape resembles Rhamnus davuricus (Lu); the wood grain is white and smooth, suitable for making book covers or boards. There are horse flies within the leaves, curling up like seeds, which hatch into flies.
Song stated: It grows mostly in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Southerners use it to make turned boxes and vessels, which is excellent.
Shizhen stated: The Dog Bone Tree resembles Ligustrum lucidum (Nüzhen), with very white wood grain. Leaves are two to three cun long, verdant, thick, hard, with five horn-like thorns, evergreen. In May, it opens small white flowers. The fruits resemble those of Ligustrum lucidum (Nüzhen) and Smilax glabra (Baqie), ripening in September to a crimson-red color, with thin skin and sweet taste, and kernels having four lobes. People collect its bark, boil it into a paste, and use it to catch birds and sparrows, called sticky glue.
Bark
[Flavor and Toxicity] Slightly bitter, cool, non-toxic.
[Indications] Infused in wine, it tonifies the waist and legs, making them strong (Zang Qi).
Branches and Leaves
[Flavor and Toxicity] Same as the bark.
[Indications] Burned to ash to extract juice or boiled into a paste, applied topically to treat vitiligo (Zang Qi).