（《本经》下品）
【释名】卤盐、寒石（《吴普》）、石碱（《补遗》）。
时珍曰∶碱音有二∶音咸者，润下之味；音减者，盐土之名，后人作碱，作碱，是矣。
许慎《说文》云∶卤，西方碱地也。故字从西省文，象盐形。东方谓之斥，西方谓之卤，河
东谓之碱。《传》云∶兑为泽，其于地也为刚卤，亦西方之义。
【集解】《别录》曰∶卤碱生河东池泽。
弘景曰∶今俗不复见卤碱，疑是黑盐。又云∶是煎盐釜下凝滓。二说未详。
恭曰∶卤碱生河东，河东盐不釜煎，明非凝滓。又疑是黑盐，皆不然。此是碱土也，今
人熟皮用之，于碱地掘取。
颂曰∶并州人刮碱煎炼，不甚佳，即卤碱也。
机曰∶卤碱，即卤水也。
时珍曰∶《说文》既言卤碱皆斥地之名，则谓凝滓及卤水之说皆非矣。卤盐与卤碱不同
。山西诸州平野，及太谷、榆次高亢处，秋间皆生卤，望之如水，近之如积雪。土人刮而熬
之为盐，微有苍黄色者，即卤盐也。《尔雅》所谓天生曰卤、人生曰盐者是矣。凡盐未经滴
去苦水，则不堪食，苦水即卤水也。卤水之下，澄盐凝结如石者，即卤碱也。丹溪所谓石碱
者，乃灰碱也，见土类。《吴普本草》谓卤碱一名卤盐者，指卤水之盐，非卤地之盐也，不
妨同名。
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
《别录》∶苦、咸，寒。
独狐滔曰∶卤盐制四黄，作焊药。同 砂罨铁，一时即软。
【主治】大热消渴狂烦，除邪，及下蛊毒，柔肌肤（《本经》）。
去五脏肠胃留热结气，心下坚，食已呕逆喘满，明目目痛（《别录》）。
【附方】新二。
风热赤眼，虚肿涩痛∶卤碱一升，青梅二十七个，古钱二十一文。新瓶盛，密封，汤中
煮一炊时。三日后取点，日三、五度。（《圣惠方》）
齿腐龈烂，不拘大人小儿∶用上好碱土，热汤淋取汁，石器熬干刮下，入麝香少许研，
掺之。（《宣明方》）
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】卤盐、寒石（出自《吴普本草》）、石碱（出自《补遗》）。
李时珍说：碱字的读音有两种：读作“咸”音的，是滋润向下的味道；读作“减”音的，是盐土的名称，后人写作“碱”，是正确的。
许慎在《说文解字》中说：卤，是西方的碱性土地。所以“卤”字从西省文旁，象形盐的形状。东方称为斥地，西方称为卤地，河东地区称为碱地。《易经传》说：兑卦象征泽，在地面上表现为刚硬的卤地，这也是西方的含义。
【集解】《名医别录》说：卤碱生长在河东地区的池沼中。
陶弘景说：现在民间不再见到卤碱，怀疑它是黑盐。又说：它是煎盐锅底下凝结的渣滓。这两种说法都不详细。
苏恭说：卤碱生长在河东，河东的盐不是用锅煎制的，明确说明它不是凝结的渣滓。又怀疑它是黑盐，都不对。这是碱性土壤，现在人们熟制皮革时使用它，在碱性土地上挖掘获取。
李时珍说：《说文解字》既然说卤和碱都是斥地的名称，那么说是凝结渣滓及卤水的说法都不正确。卤盐和卤碱不同。山西各州的平原，以及太谷、榆次地势高的地方，秋天都生长出卤，远看像水，近看像积雪。当地人刮下来熬制成盐，微带苍黄色的，就是卤盐。《尔雅》所说的天生出来的叫卤、人工制作的叫盐，指的就是这个。凡是盐未经过去除苦水，就不能食用，苦水就是卤水。卤水之下，澄清后凝结如石的，就是卤碱。朱丹溪所说的石碱，其实是灰碱，见土类条目。《吴普本草》说卤碱又名卤盐，指的是卤水中的盐，而不是卤地上的盐，不妨碍同名。
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
《名医别录》：味苦、咸，性寒。
独孤滔说：卤盐可以制约四黄，制作焊药。同砂一起敷铁，一会儿就变软。
【主治】大热引起的消渴、狂躁烦乱，祛除邪气，以及排出蛊毒，使肌肤柔润（出自《神农本草经》）。
去除五脏肠胃中停留的热结之气，心下坚硬，饭后呕吐逆气、气喘胸满，明目及治疗眼痛（出自《名医别录》）。
【附方】新收录二则。
风热导致的红眼，虚肿涩痛：卤碱一升，青梅二十七个，古钱二十一文。装入新瓶中，密封，在沸水中煮一顿饭的时间。三天后取出点眼，每天三到五次。（出自《太平圣惠方》）
牙齿腐烂牙龈溃烂，不分大人小孩：用上好的碱土，用热水淋取汁液，用石器熬干刮下，加入少许麝香研细，撒敷患处。（出自《宣明论方》）
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names] Luxian (Halite Salt), Hanshi (Cold Stone, from *Wu Pu Bencao*), Shijian (Stone Alkali, from *Buyi*).
Li Shizhen stated: The character "Jian" (Alkali) has two pronunciations: pronounced as "Xian" (Salty), it refers to the flavor that moistens and descends; pronounced as "Jian" (Reduce), it refers to the name of saline soil. Later generations wrote it as "Jian," which is correct.
Xu Shen in *Shuowen Jiezi* said: "Lu" refers to alkaline land in the west. Therefore, the character includes the radical for West (modified), resembling the shape of salt. In the East, it is called "Chi"; in the West, it is called "Lu"; in Hedong, it is called "Jian." The *Commentary on the I Ching* states: Dui represents the Marsh, and on earth, it manifests as hard, saline land, which also signifies the meaning of the West.
[Collected Explanations] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Luxian grows in the ponds and marshes of Hedong.
Tao Hongjing said: It is no longer commonly seen by people today; he suspected it was Black Salt. He also said: It is the dregs condensed at the bottom of the cauldron used for boiling salt. These two explanations are not detailed.
Su Gong said: Luxian grows in Hedong. Since salt in Hedong is not boiled in cauldrons, it is clearly not condensed dregs. He also suspected it was Black Salt, but both are incorrect. This is alkaline soil, which people use today for tanning leather, dug from alkaline lands.
Su Song said: People in Bingzhou scrape alkaline soil and boil/refine it; although not very good, this is Luxian.
Kou Zongshi said: Luxian is simply brine (salt water).
Li Shizhen said: Since *Shuowen Jiezi* states that both Lu and Jian are names for saline lands, the theories regarding condensed dregs and brine are incorrect. Luxian (Halite Salt) and Luxian (Halite Alkali) are different. In the plains of various prefectures in Shanxi, and in high places such as Taigu and Yuci, "Lu" grows in autumn. Looking from afar, it resembles water; up close, it looks like accumulated snow. Locals scrape it and boil it into salt. Those with a slight grayish-yellow color are Luxian (Halite Salt). This corresponds to what *Erya* describes as naturally occurring being called "Lu" and artificially produced being called "Salt." Any salt that has not had its bitter water removed is unfit for consumption; this bitter water is brine. Below the brine, after clarification, substances condense into stone-like forms; these are Luxian (Halite Alkali). What Zhu Danxi called "Shijian" (Stone Alkali) is actually Huijian (Ash Alkali), see the Earth category. *Wu Pu Bencao* states that Luxian is also named Luxian (Halite Salt); this refers to salt from the brine, not salt from the saline land, so there is no conflict in sharing the same name.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Bitter, Cold, Non-toxic.
*Mingyi Bielu*: Bitter, Salty, Cold.
Dugu Tao said: Luxian (Halite Salt) can restrain the four Huangs [minerals/metals] and is used to make soldering agents. Combined with sand applied to iron, it softens instantly.
[Indications] Treats severe heat causing polydipsia (excessive thirst), mania, and restlessness; expels evil pathogens; eliminates gu poison; and softens the skin (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Expels lingering heat and stagnant qi in the five zang organs and intestines/stomach; treats hardness below the heart; vomiting and regurgitation after eating; asthma and chest fullness; brightens the eyes and treats eye pain (*Mingyi Bielu*).
[Attached Prescriptions] Two new prescriptions.
Wind-heat red eyes, with deficiency swelling and astringent pain: Take 1 sheng of Luxian (Halite Alkali), 27 green plums, and 21 ancient coins. Place them in a new jar, seal tightly, and boil in water for the time it takes to cook a meal. After three days, take out and apply to the eyes, 3 to 5 times daily. (*Taiping Shenghui Fang*)
Rotting teeth and ulcerated gums, regardless of adult or child: Use high-quality alkaline soil, pour hot water over it to extract the juice, boil dry in a stone vessel, scrape down, add a small amount of musk, grind finely, and sprinkle on the affected area. (*Xuanming Lunfang*)