凡六十一种
（音恶。《本经》下品）
【释名】白善土（《别录》）、白土粉（《衍义》）、画粉。
时珍曰∶土以黄为正色，则白者为恶色，故名垩。后人讳之，呼为白善。
【集解】《别录》曰∶白垩，生邯郸山谷。采无时。
弘景曰∶即今画家用者，甚多而贱，俗方稀用。
颂曰∶胡居士云∶始兴小桂县晋阳乡有白善，而今处处皆有之，人家往往用以浣衣。《
西山经》云∶大次之山，其阳多垩。《中山经》云∶葱聋之山，其中有大谷，多白、黑、青
、黄、垩。垩有五色，入药唯白者耳。
宗 曰∶白善土，京师谓之白土子，切成方块，卖于人浣衣。
时珍曰∶白土处处有之，用烧白瓷器坯者。
【修治】 曰∶凡使，勿用色青并底白者，捣筛末，以盐汤飞过，曝干用，则免结涩人
肠也。每垩二两，用盐一分。
大明曰∶入药烧用，不入汤饮。
【气味】苦，温，无毒。
《别录》曰∶辛，无毒。不可久服。伤五脏，令人羸瘦。
权曰∶甘，平，温暖。
【主治】女子寒热症瘕，月闭积聚（《本经》）。阴肿痛，漏下，无子，泄痢（《别录》）
。疗女子血结，涩肠止痢（甄权）。治鼻洪吐血，痔 泄精，男子水脏冷，女子子宫冷（大
明）
。合王瓜等分，为末，汤点二钱服，治头痛（宗 ）。
【发明】时珍曰∶诸土皆能胜湿补脾，而白垩土，则兼入气分也。
【附方】新九。
衄血不止∶白土末五钱，井华水调服，二服除根。（《瑞竹堂方》）
水泄不化，日夜不止∶白垩（ ）、干姜（炮）各一两，楮叶（生研二两）。为末，糊丸
绿豆
大。每米饮下二十丸。（《普济方》）
翻胃吐食，男妇皆治。白善土（ 赤，以米醋一升淬之，再 再淬，醋干为度），取一
两
（研），干姜二钱半（炮）。为末。每服一钱，调下。服至一斤以上为妙。（《千金翼》）
卒暴咳嗽∶白善土粉、白矾各一两。为末，姜汁糊丸梧子大。临卧姜汤服二十丸。（《普
济方》）
风赤烂眼，倒睫拳毛。华佗方∶用白土一两，铜青一钱。为末。每以半钱泡汤洗。《干
坤生意》∶加焰硝半两。为末，汤泡杏仁杵，和丸皂子大。每用凉水浸一丸，洗眼。（《乾坤
秘韫》）
小儿热丹∶白土一分，寒水石半两。为末。新水调涂。（钱乙《小儿方》）
痱子瘙痒∶旧屋梁上刮赤白垩末，敷之。（《普济方》）
代指肿痛∶猪膏和白善土，敷之。（《肘后方》）
疮不干∶白善土 研末，生油调搽。（《集玄方》）
共计六十一味药。
（读音为“è”。《神农本草经》列为下品。）
【释名】白善土（出自《名医别录》）、白土粉（出自《证类本草·衍义》）、画粉。
李时珍说：土以黄色为正色，那么白色就是恶色，所以称为“垩”。后人避讳这个字，称之为“白善”。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：白垩，产于邯郸的山谷中。采集没有固定时间。
陶弘景说：就是现在画家使用的材料，产量很多且价格便宜，民间医方很少使用。
苏颂说：胡居士说：始兴郡小桂县晋阳乡有白善土，而现在到处都有，人们往往用它来洗衣服。《山海经·西山经》说：大次山的南面多垩土。《山海经·中山经》说：葱聋山中有个大山谷，盛产白、黑、青、黄、垩五种颜色的土。垩土有五色，入药只用白色的。
寇宗奭说：白善土，京城里叫它“白土子”，切成方块卖给人们洗衣服用。
李时珍说：白土到处都有，通常用于烧制白瓷器的坯体。
【修治】雷敩说：凡是用白垩，不要选用颜色发青和底部发白的，捣碎筛成粉末，用盐水飞炼（水飞法），晒干后使用，这样可以避免使肠道干涩结滞。每用二两白垩，配一分盐。
孟洗说：入药需煅烧使用，不用于汤剂煎服。
【气味】苦味，温性，无毒。
《名医别录》说：辛味，无毒。不可长期服用。会损伤五脏，使人消瘦。
甄权说：甘味，平性，温暖。
【主治】治疗妇女寒热症瘕（腹内结块，伴有寒热症状）、闭经积聚（《神农本草经》）。阴部肿痛，漏下（非经期阴道出血），不孕，泄泻痢疾（《名医别录》）。治疗妇女血结，涩肠止痢（甄权）。治疗鼻衄吐血，痔疮，滑精，男子肾冷，女子子宫寒冷（孟洗）。与王瓜等分，研为末，开水冲服二钱，治疗头痛（寇宗奭）。
【附方】新收录九首。
鼻出血不止：白土末五钱，井华水（清晨第一次汲出的井水）调服，服两次可除根。（《瑞竹堂经验方》）
水样泄泻不消化，日夜不停：白垩（煅）、干姜（炮制）各一两，楮叶（生研）二两。研为末，糊丸如绿豆大。每次米汤送下二十丸。（《普济方》）
翻胃吐食，男女皆治。白善土（煅红，用一升米醋淬炼，反复淬炼至醋干为止），取一两（研细），干姜二钱半（炮制）。研为末。每次服一钱，调服。服用超过一斤效果更佳。（《千金翼方》）
突发剧烈咳嗽：白善土粉、白矾各一两。研为末，姜汁糊丸如梧桐子大。睡前姜汤送服二十丸。（《普济方》）
风邪引起的眼睛红肿溃烂，倒睫拳毛。华佗方：用白土一两，铜青一钱。研为末。每次用半钱泡汤清洗眼睛。《乾坤生意》：加焰硝半两。研为末，用汤浸泡杏仁捣烂，和丸如皂荚子大。每次取一丸凉水浸化，洗眼。（《乾坤秘韫》）
小儿热丹（一种急性皮肤病）：白土一分，寒水石半两。研为末。新汲水调涂。（钱乙《小儿药证直诀》）
痱子瘙痒：刮取旧屋梁上的赤白垩末，敷患处。（《普济方》）
代指（手指肿胀疼痛如钉状）：猪脂油和白善土混合，敷患处。（《肘后备急方》）
疮口久不愈合：白善土研末，生油调搽。（《集玄方》）
A total of sixty-one medicinal substances.
(Pronounced "è". Listed in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing* [Divine Farmer's Materia Medica].)
[Names] Baishan Tu (White Auspicious Earth, from *Mingyi Bielu*); Baitu Fen (White Earth Powder, from *Yanyi*); Huafen (Painting Powder).
Li Shizhen stated: Earth takes yellow as its correct color; therefore, white is considered an improper color, hence named "E" (whitewash/earth). Later generations avoided this term and called it "Baishan" (White Auspicious).
[Collection and Explanation] *Mingyi Bielu* records: Bai'e (White Earth) grows in the valleys of Handan. It can be harvested at any time.
Tao Hongjing stated: This is what painters use today. It is abundant and cheap, but rarely used in folk prescriptions.
Su Song recorded: Hu Jushi said: In Jinxiang Township, Xiaogui County, Shixing Commandery, there is Baishan earth, but now it exists everywhere. Households often use it for washing clothes. *Classic of Mountains and Seas: Western Classic* states: On the southern slopes of Mount Daci, there is much E earth. *Classic of Mountains and Seas: Central Classic* states: In the large valley of Mount Conglong, there are abundant white, black, green, yellow, and E earths. E earth comes in five colors, but only the white variety is used in medicine.
Kou Zongshi stated: Baishan earth is called "Baituzi" (White Earth Cubes) in the capital. It is cut into cubes and sold to people for laundry purposes.
Li Shizhen stated: White earth is found everywhere and is commonly used for making blanks for white porcelain firing.
[Processing] Lei Xiao stated: When using it, do not select those with a bluish tint or white bottoms. Pound and sieve into powder, wash with salt water (water flotation method), dry in the sun, and then use. This prevents causing dryness and constipation in the intestines. For every two liang of E earth, use one fen of salt.
Meng Xi stated: It must be calcined before being used in medicine and is not suitable for decoction.
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, warm, non-toxic.
*Mingyi Bielu* states: Pungent, non-toxic. Do not take for long periods. It damages the Five Viscera and causes emaciation.
Zhen Quan stated: Sweet, neutral, warm.
[Indications] Treats women's chills and fever associated with mass formations (Zhengjia), amenorrhea, and accumulations (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Genital swelling and pain, metrorrhagia (bleeding between periods), infertility, diarrhea, and dysentery (*Mingyi Bielu*). Treats blood stagnation in women, astringes the intestines, and stops dysentery (Zhen Quan). Treats epistaxis and hematemesis, hemorrhoids, seminal emission, coldness of the male kidney-zang, and coldness of the female uterus (Meng Xi). Mix equal parts with Wanggua (Trichosanthes cucumeroides), grind into powder, and take two qian with hot water to treat headache (Kou Zongshi).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: All types of earth can dispel dampness and tonify the Spleen, whereas Bai'e earth additionally enters the Qi level.
[Attached Prescriptions] Nine new prescriptions.
Epistaxis unceasing: Take five qian of Bai'e powder, mix with Jinghua water (first well water drawn at dawn), and ingest. Two doses will eliminate the root cause. (*Rui Zhu Tang Fang*)
Watery diarrhea undigested, continuing day and night: Calcined Bai'e (one liang), Paozhi Ganjiang (Prepared Ginger Root, one liang), and fresh Shuye (Paper Mulberry Leaf, ground, two liang). Grind into powder, make pills with paste the size of mung beans. Take twenty pills with rice drink each time. (*Puji Fang*)
Rebellious vomiting and regurgitation, treating both men and women. Calcine Baishan earth until red, quench with one sheng of rice vinegar, repeat quenching until the vinegar is dry. Take one liang (ground), and Paozhi Ganjiang (Prepared Ginger Root, two qian). Grind into powder. Take one qian each time, mixed with liquid. It is optimal to consume more than one jin in total. (*Qianjin Yi Fang*)
Sudden acute cough: Baishan earth powder and BaiFan (Alum) each one liang. Grind into powder, make pills with ginger juice the size of wutong seeds. Take twenty pills with ginger tea before bedtime. (*Puji Fang*)
Wind-induced red and ulcerated eyes, inverted eyelashes and curled lashes. Hua Tuo's prescription: Use one liang of Bai tu (White earth) and one qian of Tongqing (Malachite). Grind into powder. Each time, soak half a qian in water and wash the eyes. *Qiankun Shengyi*: Add half a liang of Yanxiao (Niter/Potassium Nitrate). Grind into powder, soak apricot kernels in water, pound them, and mix with the powder to make pills the size of soap pods. Soak one pill in cool water and use to wash the eyes. (*Qiankun Mi Yun*)
Pediatric heat dan (acute skin eruption): One fen of Bai tu (White earth) and half a liang of Hanshuishi (Halloysitum Rubrum). Grind into powder. Apply with freshly drawn water. (Qian Yi, *Xiao'er Fang*)
Pruritus from prickly heat: Scrape the red and white earth powder from old house beams and apply to the affected area. (*Puji Fang*)
Swelling and pain of daizhi (paronychia/finger swelling): Mix Zhugao (Pig Fat) with Baishan earth and apply. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)
Ulcers that do not heal: Grind Baishan earth into powder, mix with raw oil, and apply. (*Jixuan Fang*)