（《李当之本草》）
【集解】恭曰∶女萎叶似白蔹，蔓生，花白子细。荆襄之间名为女萎，亦名蔓楚。用苗
不用根。与葳蕤全别。今太常谬以为白头翁者是也。
时珍曰∶诸家误以女萎解葳蕤，正误见葳蕤下。
【修治】 曰∶凡采得阴干，去头并白蕊，于槐砧上锉，拌豆淋酒蒸之，从巳至未出，
晒干。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】止下痢，消食（当之）。风寒洒洒，霍乱泄痢肠鸣，游气上下无常，惊痫寒热
百
病，出汗（《唐本》）。
【附方】新三。
下不止∶女萎、云实各一两，川乌头二两，桂心五钱。为末，蜜丸梧子大。每服五丸，
水
下，一日三服。（《肘后方》）
身体 疡斑驳∶女葳膏∶用鲁国女葳、白芷各一分，附子一枚，鸡舌香、木香各二分。
为末，腊猪脂
（《别录》下品）
【释名】时珍曰∶其根如魁，有汁如赭，故名。魁乃酒器名。
【集解】《别录》曰∶生山谷中。二月采。
弘景曰∶状如小芋，肉白皮黄，近道亦有。
恭曰∶赭魁大者如斗，小者如升。蔓生草木上，叶似杜衡。陶所说乃土卵也。土卵不堪
药用。梁汉人蒸食之，名黄独，非赭魁也。
保升曰∶苗蔓延生，叶似萝 ，根若菝 ，皮紫黑，肉黄赤，大者轮 如升，小者如拳，
所在有之。
时珍曰∶赭魁闽人用入染青缸中，云易上色。沈括《笔谈》云∶本草所谓赭魁，皆未详
审。今南中极多，肤黑肌赤，似何首乌。切破中有赤理如槟榔，有汁赤如赭，彼人以染皮制
靴。闽人谓之余粮。本草石部禹余粮陶氏所引，乃此物也。谨按∶沈氏所说赭魁甚明，但谓
是禹余粮者，非矣。禹余粮乃今之土茯苓，可食，故得粮名；赭魁不可食，岂得称粮耶？土
卵即土芋也，见菜部。
根
【气味】甘，平，无毒。恭曰∶有小毒。
【主治】心腹积聚，除三虫（《本经》）。
（出自《李当之本草》）
【集解】苏恭说：女萎的叶子像白蔹，呈蔓生状，花白色，果实细小。在荆襄一带被称为女萎，也被称为蔓楚。药用部分使用其茎叶，不使用根部。它与葳蕤完全不同。现在太常寺错误地将其当作白头翁使用的，就是这种情况。
李时珍说：各家著作错误地将女萎解释为葳蕤，正确的辨析见“葳蕤”条目下。
【修治】雷敩说：凡是采得后需阴干，去掉头部和白色的蕊，在槐木砧板上切碎，拌入豆淋酒蒸制，从巳时到未时取出，晒干。
【气味】辛味，温性，无毒。
【主治】止住腹泻痢疾，消食积（李当之）。治疗风寒引起的战栗感，霍乱导致的泄泻痢疾及肠鸣，游走之气上下无常，惊痫寒热等各种疾病，以及出汗症（《唐本草》）。
【附方】新增三则。
下利不止：女萎、云实各一两，川乌头二两，桂心五钱。研成粉末，用蜂蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用五丸，温水送服，一日三次。（《肘后备急方》）
身体疮疡斑驳：女葳膏：使用鲁国产的女葳、白芷各一分，附子一枚，鸡舌香、木香各二分。研成粉末，用腊月猪脂……（此处原文中断）
（出自《别录》下品）
【释名】李时珍说：它的根像魁（古代酒器），汁液颜色像赭石，所以得名。魁是酒器的名称。
【集解】《名医别录》说：生长在山谷中。二月采集。
陶弘景说：形状像小芋头，肉质白色，外皮黄色，近处也有出产。
苏恭说：赭魁大的像斗，小的像升。蔓生在草木之上，叶子像杜衡。陶弘景所说的其实是土卵。土卵不堪药用。梁汉地区的人蒸熟食用它，名叫黄独，并不是赭魁。
保升说：苗蔓蔓延生长，叶子像萝藦，根像菝葜，皮紫黑色，肉黄红色，大的轮径像升，小的像拳头，各地都有出产。
李时珍说：赭魁福建人用来放入染青色的缸中，据说容易上色。沈括《笔谈》说：本草中所说的赭魁，都没有详细考证。现在南方极多，表皮黑肌肉赤红，像何首乌。切开破开中有红色的纹理像槟榔，有汁液赤红像赭石，当地人用它来染皮制作靴子。福建人称之为余粮。本草石部记载的禹余粮，陶弘景所引用的，就是这个东西。我仔细考察：沈括所说的赭魁非常明确，但说是禹余粮，就不对了。禹余粮就是现在的土茯苓，可以食用，所以得名“粮”；赭魁不可食用，怎么能称为“粮”呢？土卵就是土芋，见蔬菜部。
根
【气味】甘味，平性，无毒。苏恭说：有小毒。
【主治】心腹部的积聚病，去除三种寄生虫（《神农本草经》）。
(From *Li Dangzhi's Materia Medica*)
[Ji Jie (Collected Explanations)] Su Gong stated: The leaves of Nüwei resemble those of Bailian (*Ampelopsis japonica*), growing as a vine, with white flowers and small seeds. In the Jingxiang region, it is called Nüwei or Mancu. The medicinal part used is the stem and leaf, not the root. It is completely different from Weirui (*Polygonatum sibiricum*). Currently, the Court Imperial Physician Bureau mistakenly identifies it as Baitouweng (*Pulsatilla chinensis*), which refers to this substance.
Li Shizhen stated: Various texts erroneously interpret Nüwei as Weirui; the correct distinction is found under the entry for Weirui.
[Xiu Zhi (Processing)] Lei Xiao stated: After harvesting, dry in the shade. Remove the head and white stamens. Chop on a locust wood cutting board, mix with Doulinjiu (soy sauce fermented wine), steam from Si hour (9-11 AM) to Wei hour (1-3 PM), then sun-dry.
[Qi Wei (Flavor and Nature)] Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
[Zhu Zhi (Therapeutic Actions)] Stops dysentery and diarrhea, aids digestion (Li Dangzhi). Treats aversion to wind and cold with shivering, cholera-like diarrhea and dysentery with borborygmus, wandering Qi moving irregularly up and down, convulsions, epilepsy, alternating chills and fever, various diseases, and excessive sweating (*Tang Bencao*).
[Fu Fang (Attached Prescriptions)] Three new prescriptions.
Persistent diarrhea/dysentery: Nüwei and Yunshi (*Sphaerolobium vimineum*) each 1 liang, Chuan Wutou (*Aconitum carmichaelii* lateral root) 2 liang, Guixin (*Cinnamomi Cortex*) 5 qian. Grind into powder, make pills the size of wutong seeds. Take 5 pills per dose, swallow with water, three times a day. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)
Body sores and mottled lesions: Nuwei Gao: Use Nuwei from Lu State and Baizhi (*Angelicae Dahuricae Radix*) each 1 fen, Fuzi (*Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata*) 1 piece, Jitingxiang (*Styrax*) and Muxiang (*Aucklandiae Radix*) each 2 fen. Grind into powder, use lard from the twelfth lunar month... (text ends here)
(From *Bielu*, Lower Grade)
[Shi Ming (Etymology)] Li Shizhen stated: Its root resembles Kui (an ancient wine vessel), and its juice is red like Zheshi (red ochre), hence the name. Kui is the name of a wine vessel.
[Ji Jie (Collected Explanations)] *Bielu* stated: Grows in mountain valleys. Harvested in February.
Tao Hongjing stated: Resembles a small taro, with white flesh and yellow skin; also found in nearby regions.
Su Gong stated: Zhengkui can be as large as a dou (a unit of volume) or as small as a sheng (a smaller unit). It grows as a vine on trees and shrubs, with leaves resembling Heng (*Dysosma versipellis*). What Tao described is actually Tuluan. Tuluan is unsuitable for medicinal use. People in Liang and Han regions steam and eat it, calling it Huangdu, which is not Zhengkui.
Baosheng stated: The vines spread and grow, leaves resembling Luomao (*Metaplexis japonica*), roots resembling Babae (*Smilax glabra*), with purple-black skin and yellow-red flesh. Large ones are as big as a sheng, small ones like a fist; found everywhere.
Li Shizhen stated: In Fujian, Zhengkui is used in indigo dye vats, said to facilitate coloring. Shen Kuo’s *Bush Tan* states that the Zhengkui mentioned in materia medica has not been carefully examined. It is now very common in the south, with black skin and reddish interior, resembling Heshouwou (*Polygoni Multiflori Radix*). When cut open, it has red lines like Binglang (areca nut), and exudes red juice like zheshi. Locals use it to dye leather for making boots. Fujian people call it Yuliang. The Yuyuliang recorded in the Mineral section of materia medica, cited by Tao Hongjing, is this substance. Upon careful examination: Shen Kuo’s description of Zhengkui is clear, but identifying it as Yuyuliang is incorrect. Yuyuliang is currently Tubingling (*Smilax glabra rhizome* or similar edible tuber), which is edible, hence the name "grain"; Zhengkui is inedible, how could it be called "grain"? Tuluan is Tuyu, see the Vegetable section.
Root
[Qi Wei (Flavor and Nature)] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Su Gong stated: Slightly toxic.
[Zhu Zhi (Therapeutic Actions)] Treats abdominal masses and accumulations, eliminates three types of parasites (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).