（《纲目》）
【集解】时珍曰∶宝石出西番、回鹘地方诸坑井内，云南、辽东亦有之。有红、绿、碧、
紫数色∶红者名刺子；碧者名靛子；翠者，名马价珠；黄者，名木难珠；紫者，名蜡子；又
有鸦鹘石、猫精石、石榴子、红扁豆等名色，皆其类也。《山海经》言骒山多玉，凄水出焉，
西注于海，中多采石。采石，即宝石也。碧者，唐人谓之瑟瑟。红者，宋人谓之 蝎。今通
呼为宝石。以镶首饰器物，大者如指头，小者如豆粒，皆碾成珠状。《张勃吴录》云∶越 、
云南河中出碧珠，须祭而取之，有缥碧、绿碧。此即碧色宝石也。
【主治】去翳明目，入点药用之。灰尘入目，以珠拭拂即去（时珍）。
（《拾遗》）
【释名】颇黎（《纲目》）、水玉（《拾遗》）。
时珍曰∶本作颇黎。颇黎，国名也。其莹如水，其坚如玉，故名水玉，与水精同名。
【集解】藏器曰∶玻璃，西国之宝也。玉石之类，生土中。或云千岁冰所化，亦未必然。
时珍曰∶出南番。有酒色、紫色、白色，莹澈与水精相似，碾开有雨点花者为真。外丹
家亦用之。药烧者有气眼而轻。《玄中记》云∶大秦国有五色颇黎，以红色为贵，《梁四公子
记》云∶扶南人来卖碧颇黎镜，广一尺半，重四十斤，内外皎洁，向明视之，不见其质。蔡
绦云∶御库有玻璃母，乃大食所产，状如铁滓， 之但作珂子状，青、红、黄、白数色。
【气味】辛，寒，无毒。
【主治】惊悸心热，能安心明目，去赤眼，熨热肿（藏器）。
摩翳障（大明）。
【《本草纲目》】
【集解】李时珍说：宝石出产于西番、回鹘等地的矿坑井中，云南、辽东也有出产。有红、绿、碧、紫等几种颜色：红色的叫刺子；碧色的叫靛子；翠绿色的叫马价珠；黄色的叫木难珠；紫色的叫蜡子；另外还有鸦鹘石、猫精石、石榴子、红扁豆等名称，都是这一类的。《山海经》说骒山多产玉，凄水从那里流出，向西注入大海，水中盛产采石。采石，就是宝石。碧色的宝石，唐代人称之为瑟瑟。红色的宝石，宋代人称之为蝎（注：此处原文可能有误或为特定称谓，依原文直译）。现在通称为宝石。用来镶嵌首饰和器物，大的如手指头，小的如豆粒，都琢磨成珠子形状。《张勃吴录》记载：越地和云南的河流中出产碧珠，需要祭祀后才能取得，有缥碧、绿碧两种颜色。这就是碧色的宝石。
【主治】去除眼翳，明目，作为点眼药使用。灰尘进入眼睛，用宝石擦拭拂拭即可去除（李时珍）。
【《本草拾遗》】
【释名】颇黎（出自《本草纲目》）、水玉（出自《本草拾遗》）。
李时珍说：原本写作“颇黎”。颇黎，是国名。它的晶莹像水一样，坚硬像玉一样，所以名叫水玉，与水精（水晶）同名。
【集解】陈藏器说：玻璃，是西方的宝物。属于玉石一类，生于土中。有人说它是千年冰所化，也不一定必然如此。
李时珍说：出产于南番。有酒色、紫色、白色，晶莹剔透与水精相似，碾开后内部有雨点花纹的是真品。外丹家也使用它。药用烧制的玻璃有气孔且质地轻。《玄中记》记载：大秦国有五色颇黎，以红色为贵，《梁四公子记》记载：扶南国人来卖碧颇黎镜，宽一尺半，重四十斤，内外皎洁明亮，对着光看，看不见其材质实体。蔡绦说：御库中有玻璃母，是大食国所产，形状像铁渣，加热后只做成珂子（小珠状），有青、红、黄、白几种颜色。
【气味】辛味，寒性，无毒。
【主治】惊悸心热，能安心明目，去除赤眼，热敷治疗热肿（陈藏器）。
摩擦去除眼翳障（大明）。
[Bencao Gangmu]
[Ji Jie (Collected Explanations)] Li Shizhen stated: Gemstones are found in mines and wells in Xifan, Huihu, and other regions, and also occur in Yunnan and Liaodong. They come in several colors: red, green, blue-green, and purple. Red ones are called "Cizi"; blue-green ones are called "Dianzi"; emerald-green ones are called "Majiazhu" (Horse-price Pearl); yellow ones are called "Munan Zhu" (Wood-difficulty Pearl); purple ones are called "Zazi". There are also names such as "Yahushishi" (Pariah Stone), "Maojingshi" (Cat-spirit Stone), "Shiliuzi" (Pomegranate Seed), and "Hongbiandou" (Red Kidney Bean), all of which belong to this category. The *Classic of Mountains and Seas* states that Guo Mountain produces much jade, and the Qi River originates there, flowing west into the sea, where it contains abundant "Caishi" (Mineral Stones). Caishi is gemstone. Blue-green stones were called "Sese" by people in the Tang Dynasty. Red stones were called "Xie" by people in the Song Dynasty. Currently, they are commonly referred to as gemstones. They are used to inlay jewelry and vessels; large ones are finger-sized, small ones bean-sized, all carved into bead shapes. The *Zhang Bo Wu Lu* records: Bi pearls are produced in the rivers of Yue and Yunnan, and must be obtained through sacrifice; these include pale-blue-green and green-blue varieties. These are blue-green gemstones.
[Zhu Zhi (Main Indications)] Removes nebulae (cataracts/opacities) and brightens vision; used as eye drops. If dust enters the eye, wiping it with a gemstone removes it immediately (Li Shizhen).
[Bencao Shiyi]
[Shi Ming (Explanation of Names)] Polili (from *Bencao Gangmu*), Shuiyu (from *Bencao Shiyi*).
Li Shizhen stated: It was originally written as "Polili". Polili is the name of a country. Its clarity is like water, and its hardness is like jade, hence the name Shuiyu (Water Jade), sharing the same name as Shuijing (Rock Crystal).
[Ji Jie (Collected Explanations)] Chen Zangqi stated: Glass is a treasure of the Western Regions. It belongs to the category of jade and stone, forming underground. Some say it is transformed from thousand-year-old ice, but this is not necessarily true.
Li Shizhen stated: It is produced in Nanfan (Southern Barbarian lands). It comes in wine-colored, purple, and white hues, clear and translucent like rock crystal. Genuine pieces reveal rain-drop patterns when crushed. External alchemists also use it. Medicinally calcined glass has air pores and is light. The *Xuanzhong Ji* records: Daqin (Rome) possesses five-colored polili, with red being the most prized. The *Liang Si Gongzi Ji* records: People from Funan came to sell blue-green polili mirrors, one and a half chi wide and forty jin heavy, bright inside and out; viewed against the light, their material substance is invisible. Cai Tao stated: The imperial treasury holds "glass mother," produced in Dashi (Arabia), resembling iron slag; when heated, it forms only bead-like shapes, available in blue, red, yellow, and white colors.
[Qi Wei (Flavor and Nature)] Acrid, cold, non-toxic.
[Zhu Zhi (Main Indications)] Treats palpitations and heart heat; calms the mind and brightens vision; removes red eyes; hot compresses treat heat-induced swelling (Chen Zangqi).
Rubbing treats nebulae and visual obstructions (Daming).