（宋《开宝》）
【校正】自虫部移入此。
【释名】 、独舂，屎名五灵脂。
时珍曰∶杨氏《丹铅录》谓寒号虫即 ，今从之。 ，《诗》作盍旦，《礼》作曷
旦，《说文》作 ，《广志》作侃旦，《唐诗》作渴旦，皆随义借名耳。扬雄《方言》云
∶ ，自关而西谓之 ；自关而东谓之城旦，亦曰倒悬。周、魏、宋、楚谓之独舂。郭
璞云∶ ，夜鸣求旦之鸟。夏月毛盛，冬月裸体，昼夜鸣叫，故曰寒号，曰 旦。古刑有
城旦舂，谓昼夜舂米也。故又有城旦、独舂之名。《月令》云∶仲冬，曷旦不鸣。盖冬至阳
生渐暖故也。其屎名五灵脂者，谓状如凝脂而受五行之灵气也。
【集解】《志》曰∶五灵脂出北地，寒号虫粪也。
禹锡曰∶寒号虫四足，有肉翅不能远飞。
颂曰∶今惟河东州郡有之。五灵脂色黑如铁，采无时。
时珍曰∶曷旦乃候时之鸟也，五台诸山甚多。其状如小鸡，四足有肉翅。夏月毛采五色
，自鸣若曰∶凤凰不如我。至冬毛落如鸟雏，忍寒而号曰∶得过且过。其屎恒集一处，气甚
臊恶，粒大如豆。采之有如糊者，有粘块如糖者。人亦以沙石杂而货之。凡用以糖心润泽者
为真。
肉
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】食之，补益人（汪颖）。
（出自宋代《开宝本草》）
【校正】从虫部移入此处。
【释名】寒号虫，又名独舂，其粪便称为五灵脂。
李时珍说：杨氏在《丹铅录》中认为寒号虫就是寒号虫，现在采纳这一说法。寒号虫，在《诗经》中写作“盍旦”，在《礼记》中写作“曷旦”，在《说文解字》中写作“䳭”，在《广志》中写作“侃旦”，在唐诗中写作“渴旦”，这些都是根据意义借用的名称罢了。扬雄在《方言》中说：自函谷关以西称为寒号虫；自函谷关以东称为城旦，也叫倒悬。周、魏、宋、楚地区称为独舂。郭璞说：寒号虫是夜间鸣叫祈求天亮的鸟。夏季羽毛茂盛，冬季裸露身体，昼夜鸣叫，所以称为寒号，也称为曷旦。古代刑罚中有城旦舂，指昼夜舂米。因此又有城旦、独舂的名称。《月令》中说：仲冬时节，曷旦不鸣叫。这是因为冬至阳气初生，逐渐变暖的缘故。它的粪便称为五灵脂，是因为形状像凝固的油脂且承受了五行之灵气。
【集解】《本草拾遗》说：五灵脂出产于北方地区，是寒号虫的粪便。
苏颂说：寒号虫有四只脚，有肉翅但不能远飞。
寇宗奭说：现在只有河东州郡有这种鸟。五灵脂颜色黑得像铁，采集没有固定时间。
李时珍说：曷旦是一种候时的鸟，在五台山各山中非常多。它的形状像小鸡，四只脚有肉翅。夏季羽毛色彩斑斓，自己鸣叫好像在说：“凤凰不如我。”到了冬季羽毛脱落像雏鸟，忍受寒冷而号叫说：“得过且过。”它的粪便经常聚集在一处，气味非常腥臊，颗粒大如豆子。采集来的有的像糊状，有的粘块像糖一样。人们也用沙石掺杂来售卖。凡是用来入药的，以中心含糖滋润者为真品。
【气味】甘味，温性，无毒。
【主治】食用它，能补益人体（汪颖）。
(Sourced from the Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Correction] Moved here from the Insect section.
[Names] Hanhao Chong (Cold-Numbering Bird), also known as Duchong (Solo Pestle). Its feces are called Wulingzhi (Five-Spirit Resin).
Li Shizhen states: Yang Shi in *Danqian Lu* holds that the Hanhao Chong is indeed the Hanhao Chong; I now adopt this view. The Hanhao Chong, written as "Hedan" in the *Classic of Poetry*, as "Hedan" in the *Book of Rites*, as "Qiong" in the *Shuowen Jiezi*, as "Kandan" in *Guang Zhi*, and as "Kedan" in Tang poetry, are all names borrowed according to meaning. Yang Xiong in *Fangyan* says: West of Hangu Pass, it is called Hanhao Chong; east of Hangu Pass, it is called Chengdan or also Daoxuan. In the regions of Zhou, Wei, Song, and Chu, it is called Duchong. Guo Pu says: The Hanhao Chong is a bird that cries at night seeking dawn. In summer, its feathers are lush; in winter, it is naked. It cries day and night, hence the name Hanhao (Cold-Numbering) or Hedan. In ancient punishments, there was "Chengdan Chong," referring to pounding grain day and night. Thus, it also bears the names Chengdan and Duchong. The *Monthly Ordinances* state: In mid-winter, the Hedan does not cry. This is because after the Winter Solstice, yang energy begins to grow and it gradually becomes warmer. Its feces are called Wulingzhi because its shape resembles solidified fat and it receives the spiritual energy of the Five Elements.
[Collected Explanations] *Bencao Shiyi* states: Wulingzhi originates from northern regions and is the feces of the Hanhao Chong.
Su Song says: The Hanhao Chong has four feet and fleshy wings but cannot fly far.
Kou Zongshi says: Currently, it is found only in the prefectures and commanderies of Hedong. Wulingzhi is black like iron, and can be collected at any time.
Li Shizhen says: The Hedan is a bird that appears according to the season and is abundant in the mountains of Wutai. Its appearance resembles a small chick, with four feet and fleshy wings. In summer, its feathers display five colors, and it calls out as if saying, "The Phoenix is inferior to me." By winter, its feathers fall off leaving it looking like a fledgling; enduring the cold, it cries out, "Get by as best you can." Its feces always gather in one place and have a very strong, fishy odor. The granules are as large as beans. Collected material may appear paste-like or sticky clumps resembling sugar. People sometimes mix sand and stones to sell it. For medicinal use, those with a sugary, moist center are considered genuine.
[Flesh]
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Consuming it benefits the human body (Wang Ying).