（《拾遗》）
【释名】姜汇（《纲目》）、蔟 （音族绥）。
【集解】弘景曰∶杜若苗似廉姜。
藏器曰∶廉姜似姜，生岭南、剑南，人多食之。
时珍曰∶按《异物志》云∶生沙石中，似姜，大如螺，气猛近于臭。南人以为齑。其法
削皮，以黑梅及盐汁渍之，乃成也。又郑樵云∶廉姜似山姜而根大。
【气味】辛，热，无毒。
【主治】胃中冷，吐水，不下食（藏器）。温中下气
，消食益智（时珍）。
（《本经》上品）
【校正】并入《图经》外类山姜。
【释名】杜衡（《本经》）、杜莲（《别录》）
子姜（ 音爪。《药性论》）、
颂曰∶此草一名杜衡，而草部中品自有杜衡条，即《尔雅》所谓土卤者也。杜若，即《广
雅》所谓楚衡者也。其类自别，古人多相杂引用。故《九歌》云∶采芳洲兮杜若。《离骚》
云∶杂杜衡与芳芷。王逸辈皆不分别，但云香草，故二名相混。古方或用，今人罕使，故少
有识者。
【集解】《别录》曰∶杜若，生武陵川泽及冤句，二月、八月采根，曝干。
弘景曰∶今处处有之。叶似姜而有纹理，根似高良姜而细，味辛香。又绝似旋复根，殆
欲相乱，叶小异尔。《楚辞》云∶山中人兮芳杜若，是矣。
恭曰∶今江湖多有之，生阴地，苗似廉姜，根似高良姜，全少辛味。陶云，似旋复根者，
即真杜若也。
保升曰∶苗似山姜，花黄赤，子赤，大如棘子，中似豆蔻。今出岭南、硖州者甚好。《范
子计然》云∶杜衡、杜若出南郡、汉中，大者
颂曰∶卫州一种山姜，茎叶如姜，开紫花，不结子，八月采根入药。
时珍曰∶杜若人无识者，今楚地山中时有之。山人亦呼为良姜，根似姜，味亦辛。甄权
注豆蔻所谓 子姜，苏颂《图经》外类所谓山姜，皆此物也。或又以大者为高良姜，细者为
杜若。唐时峡州贡之。
【修治】 曰∶凡使勿用鸭喋草根，真相似，只是味效不同。凡采得根，以刀刮去黄赤
皮，细锉，用三重绢袋阴干。临使以蜜浸一夜，漉出用。
根
【气味】辛，微温，无毒。
之才曰∶得辛夷、细辛良，恶柴胡、前胡。
苏颂曰∶山姜∶辛，平，有小毒。
【主治】胸胁下逆气，温中，风入脑户，头肿痛，多涕泪出。久服益精明目轻身。令人
不忘（《本经》）。治眩倒目 ，止痛，除口臭气（《别录》）。山姜∶去皮间风热，可作炸
汤。又主暴冷，及胃中逆冷，霍乱腹痛
【发明】时珍曰∶杜若乃神农上品，治足少阴、太阳诸证要药，而世不知用，惜哉。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】姜汇（《本草纲目》）、蔟 （读音同“族绥”）。
【集解】陶弘景说：杜若的苗像廉姜。
孟诜说：廉姜像生姜，生长在岭南、剑南地区，人们大多食用它。
李时珍说：查阅《异物志》记载：生长在沙石之中，形状像姜，大小如螺蛳，气味猛烈接近于臭味。南方人把它当作腌菜。制作方法是削去外皮，用黑梅和盐汁浸泡，就制成了。另外郑樵说：廉姜像山姜但根更大。
【气味】辛味，热性，无毒。
【主治】胃中寒冷，呕吐清水，不能进食（孟诜）。温中散寒，降逆下气，消食益智（李时珍）。
（出自《神农本草经》，列为上品）
【校正】并入《本草图经》外类中的山姜条目。
【释名】杜衡（《神农本草经》）、杜莲（《新修本草·别录》）
子姜 （读音同“爪”。《药性论》）
苏颂说：这种草一名杜衡，而在草部中品自有杜衡条目的记载，就是《尔雅》所说的土卤。杜若，就是《广雅》所说的楚衡。它们的种类本来不同，古人多相混杂引用。所以《九歌》中说：“采芳洲兮杜若。”《离骚》中说：“杂杜衡与芳芷。”王逸等人都不加区分，只说是香草，所以两个名称混淆了。古方有时使用，今人很少使用，所以很少有人认识。
【集解】《新修本草·别录》说：杜若，生长在武陵川泽及冤句，二月、八月采集根部，晒干。
陶弘景说：现在到处都有。叶子像姜但有纹理，根像高良姜但较细，味道辛香。又非常像旋覆花的根，几乎要弄混，只是叶子稍小不同。《楚辞》说：“山中人兮芳杜若”，说的就是这个。
陈藏器（注：此处原文为恭，通常指苏恭/陈藏器相关论述，依原文译）说：现在江湖地区有很多，生长在阴湿之地，苗像廉姜，根像高良姜，完全缺少辛辣味。陶弘景说像旋覆花根的，就是真正的杜若。
保升说：苗像山姜，花黄红色，果实红色，大如棘刺的种子，中间像豆蔻。现在出产于岭南、硖州的最好。《范子计然》说：杜衡、杜若出产于南郡、汉中，大的……
苏颂说：卫州有一种山姜，茎叶像姜，开紫花，不结种子，八月采集根部入药。
李时珍说：杜若无人认识，现在楚地山中偶尔有生长。山人也称它为良姜，根像姜，味道也辛。甄权在注释豆蔻时所说的 子姜，苏颂《图经》外类所说的山姜，都是这种植物。有人又把大的称为高良姜，细的称为杜若。唐代时峡州曾进贡此物。
【修治】曰：凡使用时不要用鸭喋草根，真假相似，只是味道和疗效不同。凡是采得根部，用刀刮去黄红色的皮，细细切碎，用三重绢袋阴干。临用时用蜂蜜浸泡一夜，滤出使用。
根
【气味】辛味，微温，无毒。
【主治】胸胁下部逆气，温中散寒，风邪侵入脑户，头部肿痛，多涕泪流出。长期服用可益精明目，身体轻健，使人不忘事（《神农本草经》）。治疗眩晕跌倒，眼疾，止痛，去除口臭（《新修本草·别录》）。山姜：去除皮间的风热，可做炸汤。又主治突发寒冷，以及胃中逆冷，霍乱腹痛。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
**Names**: Jianghui (*Bencao Gangmu* / Compendium of Materia Medica), Cu (pronounced "Zusui").
**Collected Explanations**: Hongjing stated: The sprouts of Duruo resemble Lianjiang.
Cangqi stated: Lianjiang resembles Ginger, grows in Lingnan and Jiannan regions, and is widely consumed by people.
Shizhen stated: According to the *Yiwuzhi*, it grows among sand and stones, resembles ginger, is as large as a snail shell, has a pungent odor close to foulness. Southerners use it as a pickle. The method involves peeling the skin, marinating it with black plums and salt juice, thus completing the preparation. Additionally, Zheng Qiao stated: Lianjiang resembles Shanjiang but has larger roots.
**Flavor and Properties**: Pungent, Hot, Non-toxic.
**Indications**: Cold in the stomach, vomiting clear fluids, inability to eat (Cangqi). Warms the middle jiao, directs rebellious qi downward, aids digestion, and benefits intelligence (Shizhen).
(From *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Upper Grade)
**Corrections**: Merged into the "Extra-class Shanjiang" entry of *Bencao Tujing*.
**Names**: Duheng (*Shennong Bencao Jing*), Dulian (*Beilu* / Additional Records), Zijiang (pronounced "Zhua", *Yaoxing Lun*).
Song stated: This herb is also named Duheng. However, there is already an entry for Duheng in the Middle Grade of the Grass category, which refers to what *Erya* calls Tulü. Duruo refers to what *Guangya* calls Chu Heng. Their categories are distinct, yet ancient authors often confused and cited them interchangeably. Thus, the *Nine Songs* says: "Gathering fragrant plants on the isle, Duruo." The *Li Sao* says: "Mixing Duheng with fragrant angelica." Wang Yi and others did not distinguish between them, merely calling them fragrant herbs, hence the two names were mixed. Ancient prescriptions sometimes used them, but modern practitioners rarely do, so few recognize them.
**Collected Explanations**: *Beilu* stated: Duruo grows in the marshes of Wuling and Yuanju; roots are harvested in February and August and sun-dried.
Hongjing stated: It is now found everywhere. The leaves resemble ginger but have visible veins; the root resembles Galangal but is thinner, with a pungent and aromatic flavor. It closely resembles the root of Inula (Xuanfu), almost causing confusion, differing only slightly in leaf size. The *Chu Ci* says: "The person in the mountains, fragrant as Duruo," referring to this.
Gong stated: It is abundant in the Jianghu region, growing in shady places. The sprouts resemble Lianjiang, the root resembles Galangal, but it lacks pungency entirely. What Hongjing described as resembling Xuanfu root is indeed true Duruo.
Baosheng stated: The sprouts resemble Shanjiang, flowers are yellow-red, fruits are red and as large as jujube pits, resembling cardamom inside. Those from Lingnan and Xiazhou are excellent. *Fanzi Jiran* stated: Duheng and Duruo originate from Nanjun and Hanzhong; the larger ones...
Song stated: There is a type of Shanjiang in Weizhou; stems and leaves resemble ginger, bloom purple flowers, do not produce seeds, and roots are harvested in August for medicinal use.
Shizhen stated: Few people recognize Duruo today; it occasionally grows in the mountains of the Chu region. Locals also call it Liangjiang; the root resembles ginger and tastes pungent. The Zijiang mentioned by Zhenquan in his commentary on Cardamom, and the Shanjiang mentioned in the extra-class of Su Song's *Tujing*, are all this plant. Some refer to the larger ones as Galangal and the thinner ones as Duruo. During the Tang Dynasty, it was offered as tribute from Xiazhou.
**Processing**: Yue stated: Do not use the root of Yadie when processing; it looks very similar but differs in flavor and efficacy. When harvesting roots, scrape off the yellow-red skin with a knife, finely chop, and dry in the shade using a triple-layered silk bag. Before use, soak in honey overnight, then strain and use.
Root
**Flavor and Properties**: Pungent, Slightly Warm, Non-toxic.
Zhicai stated: Works well with Xin Yi and Xi Xin; adverse interaction with Chai Hu and Qian Hu.
Su Song stated: Shanjiang: Pungent, Neutral, slightly toxic.
**Indications**: Rebellious qi under the chest and hypochondrium, warming the middle, wind entering the Naohu point, headache and swelling, excessive tearing and runny nose. Long-term consumption benefits essence and eyesight, lightens the body, and prevents forgetfulness (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats dizziness and falling, eye diseases, relieves pain, and eliminates bad breath (*Beilu*). Shanjiang: Dispels wind-heat from the skin/subcutaneous tissue, can be made into fried soup. Also treats sudden cold, cold rebellion in the stomach, and abdominal pain due to Huoluan.
**Enlightenment**: Shizhen stated: Duruo is an upper-grade herb listed by Shennong, a key medicine for treating syndromes of the Foot-Shaoyin and Foot-Taiyang meridians, yet the world does not know how to use it. What a pity.