（《本经》上品）
【释名】石青（《纲目》）、大青。
时珍曰∶扁以形名。
【集解】《别录》曰∶扁青，生朱崖山谷、武都、朱提，采无时。
弘景曰∶朱提音殊匙，在南海中。《仙经》、俗方都无用者。
普曰∶生蜀郡。
恭曰∶此即绿青也。朱崖以南及林邑、扶南舶上来者，形块大如拳，其色又青，腹中亦
时有空者。武昌者，片块小而色更佳。简州、梓州者，形扁作片而色浅。
时珍曰∶苏恭言即绿青者非也，今之石青是矣。绘画家用之，其色青翠不渝，俗呼为大
青，楚、蜀诸处亦有之。而今货石青者，有天青、大青、西夷回回青、佛头青，种种不同，
而回青尤贵。本草所载扁青、层青、碧青，白青，皆其类耳。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。普曰∶神农、雷公∶小寒，无毒。
【主治】目痛明目，折跌痈肿，金疮不瘳，破积聚，解毒瓦斯，利精神。久服轻身不老（《本
经》）。去寒热风痹，及丈夫茎中百病，益精（《别录》）。
治丈夫内绝，令人有子（《吴普》）。吐风痰癫痫，平肝（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
顽痰不化∶石青一两，石绿半两，并水飞为末，面糊丸绿豆大。每服十丸，温水下。吐
去痰一、二碗，不损人。（《瑞竹堂方》）
（《本经》上品）
【释名】碧青（《唐本》）、鱼目青。
【集解】《别录》曰∶白青生豫章山谷，采无时。可消为铜剑，辟五兵。
弘景曰∶医方不用，市无卖者。《仙经》三十六水方中时有须处。铜剑之法，在九元子
术中。
恭曰∶此即陶氏所云空青，圆如铁珠，色白而腹不空者，是也。研之色白如碧，亦谓之
碧青，不入画用。无空青时亦用之，名鱼目青，以形似鱼目故也。今出简州、梓州者好。
时珍曰∶此即石青之属，色深者为石青，淡者为碧青也。今绘彩家亦用。《范子计然》
云∶白青出弘农、豫章、新淦，青色者善。《淮南万毕术》云∶白青得铁，即化为铜也。
【气味】甘、酸、咸，平，无毒。普曰∶神农∶甘，平；雷公∶咸，无毒。
【主治】明目，利九窍，耳聋，心下邪气，令人吐，杀诸毒三虫。久服通神明轻身（《本
经》）。
【附录】绿肤青 《别录》曰∶味辛、咸，平，无毒。主蛊毒及蛇、菜、肉诸毒，恶疮。
不可久服，令人瘦。一名推青，一名推石。生益州山谷。
弘景曰∶俗方、《仙经》无用，人亦不识。
碧石青 《别录》曰∶味甘，无毒。主明目益精，去白癣，延年。
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【释名】石青（《本草纲目》）、大青。
李时珍说：扁青因形状扁平而得名。
【集解】《名医别录》说：扁青，产于朱崖山谷、武都、朱提，采集没有固定时间。
陶弘景说：朱提读音为“殊匙”，位于南海之中。《仙经》和民间方剂都没有使用它的。
吴普说：产于蜀郡。
苏恭说：这就是绿青。从朱崖以南以及林邑、扶南等地通过海船运来的，形状像拳头大小的块状，颜色青翠，内部有时是空的。武昌出产的，片块较小但颜色更好。简州、梓州出产的，形状扁平呈片状且颜色较浅。
李时珍说：苏恭说它是绿青是不对的，现在所说的石青才是正确的。绘画家使用它，颜色青翠不变，俗称大青，楚地、蜀地等处也有出产。而现在贩卖的石青，有天青、大青、西夷回回青、佛头青等，种类各不相同，其中回青尤其珍贵。本草中记载的扁青、层青、碧青、白青，都属于这一类。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。吴普说：神农、雷公认为味小寒，无毒。
【主治】治疗眼痛、明目，跌打损伤及痈肿，金创久不愈合，破除积聚，解毒瓦斯，利精神。长期服用可轻身不老（《神农本草经》）。去除寒热风痹，以及男子前阴各种疾病，补益精气（《名医别录》）。
治疗男子绝嗣不育，使人能够生育（《吴普本草》）。吐出风痰引起的癫痫，平抑肝气（李时珍）。
【附方】新收录一方。
顽痰不化：石青一两，石绿半两，一起用水飞法研磨成粉末，用面糊制成如绿豆大小的丸药。每次服用十丸，温水送服。吐出痰液一至二碗，不损伤人体。（《瑞竹堂经验方》）
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【释名】碧青（《唐本草》）、鱼目青。
【集解】《名医别录》说：白青产于豫章山谷，采集没有固定时间。可以将其溶解用于铸造铜剑，抵御兵器攻击。
陶弘景说：医方不使用，市场上也没有售卖的。《仙经》三十六水方中偶尔有需要用到它的地方。铸造铜剑的方法，在九元子的术数中。
苏恭说：这就是陶弘景所说的空青，圆得像铁珠一样，颜色白而腹部不空的，就是这种。研磨后颜色白如碧玉，也称为碧青，不用于绘画。在没有空青的时候也用它代替，名叫鱼目青，因为形状像鱼的眼睛的缘故。现在简州、梓州出产的质量好。
李时珍说：这属于石青一类，颜色深的叫石青，颜色淡的叫碧青。现在的彩绘画家也使用它。《范子计然》说：白青产于弘农、豫章、新淦，青色的是上品。《淮南万毕术》说：白青遇到铁，就会转化为铜。
【气味】味甘、酸、咸，性平，无毒。吴普说：神农认为味甘、性平；雷公认为味咸、无毒。
【主治】明目，通利九窍，治疗耳聋，清除心下的邪气，引起呕吐，杀灭各种毒虫。长期服用可通神明、轻身（《神农本草经》）。
【附录】绿肤青 《名医别录》说：味辛、咸，性平，无毒。主治蛊毒以及蛇、菜、肉等各种毒素，恶疮。不可长期服用，令人消瘦。一名推青，一名推石。产于益州山谷。
陶弘景说：民间方剂、《仙经》都不使用，人们也不认识。
(Shangpin, High Grade, in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names] Shiqing (Stone Azurite) (*Bencao Gangmu*), Daqing.
Li Shizhen said: Bianqing is named for its flat shape.
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* says: Bianqing grows in the valleys of Zhuya, Wudu, and Zhuti; it can be gathered at any time.
Hongjing said: Zhuti is pronounced "shuchi" and is located in the South Sea. It is not used in *Xianjing* or common prescriptions.
Pu said: It grows in Shujun.
Gong said: This is exactly Lüqing (Green Azurite). Those brought by ships from south of Zhuya, as well as Linyue and Funan, are in lumps large as fists, with a greenish color, and sometimes hollow inside. Those from Wuchang are smaller flakes but of better color. Those from Jianzhou and Zizhou are flat flakes with a lighter color.
Li Shizhen said: Su Gong's statement that it is Lüqing is incorrect; what is now called Shiqing is correct. Painters use it; its color remains emerald green without fading, commonly called Daqing. It is also found in Chu, Shu, and other places. The Shiqing currently traded includes Tianqing, Daqing, Xiyi Huihuqing (Western Barbarian Blue), Fotouqing, all varying greatly, among which Huiqing is especially precious. The Bianqing, Cengqing, Biqing, and Baiqing recorded in herbal texts all belong to this category.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Pu said: Shennong and Leigong considered it slightly cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats eye pain and improves vision, fractures/dislocations and carbuncles/swellings, non-healing metal wounds, breaks up accumulations, detoxifies mineral vapors, benefits spirit. Long-term use lightens the body and prevents aging (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Expels wind-cold-heat bi-syndrome, various diseases of the male penis, and tonifies essence (*Bielu*).
Treats male sterility, enabling conception (*Wu Pu Bencao*). Vomits wind-phlegm causing epilepsy, calms the Liver (*Li Shizhen*).
[Attached Prescriptions] One new prescription.
Stubborn phlegm not transforming: Shiqing 1 liang, Shilü (Malachite) 0.5 liang, both processed by water-trituration into powder, made into pills the size of mung beans with wheat paste. Take 10 pills each time with warm water. Vomiting out one or two bowls of phlegm does not harm the person (*Ruzhutang Fang*).
(Shangpin, High Grade, in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names] Biqing (*Tangbencao*), Yumuting.
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* says: Baiqing grows in the valleys of Yuzhang; it can be gathered at any time. It can be dissolved to make copper swords, warding off weapons.
Hongjing said: Medical prescriptions do not use it, and it is not sold in markets. It is occasionally required in the thirty-six waters formulas of *Xianjing*. The method for making copper swords is in Jiuyuanzi's techniques.
Gong said: This is what Tao Hongjing referred to as Kongqing (Hollow Azurite), round like an iron bead, white in color but not hollow inside. When ground, it is white like jade, also called Biqing, but not used for painting. It is used when Kongqing is unavailable, named Yumuting because its shape resembles fish eyes. Those from Jianzhou and Zizhou are good now.
Li Shizhen said: This belongs to the Shiqing category; those with deep color are Shiqing, while those with pale color are Biqing. Colorists now also use it. *Fanzi Jiran* states: Baiqing comes from Hongnong, Yuzhang, Xingan; the blue-green ones are superior. *Huainan Wanbi Shu* states: Baiqing combined with iron transforms into copper.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, sour, salty, neutral, non-toxic. Pu said: Shennong considered it sweet and neutral; Leigong considered it salty and non-toxic.
[Indications] Improves vision, benefits the nine orifices, treats deafness, clears pathogenic qi under the heart, induces vomiting, kills various toxic parasites. Long-term use clarifies the mind and lightens the body (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
[Appendix] Lüfuqing *Bielu* says: Pungent, salty, neutral, non-toxic. Mainly treats gu poison and toxins from snakes, vegetables, and meat, as well as malignant sores. Cannot be taken long-term as it causes emaciation. Also known as Tuiqing or Tuishi. Grows in the valleys of Yizhou.
Hongjing said: Common prescriptions and *Xianjing* do not use it, and people do not recognize it.
Bishiqing *Bielu* says: Sweet, non-toxic. Mainly improves vision and tonifies essence, removes white tinea, and prolongs life.