（《拾遗》）
【释名】
【集解】藏器曰∶生林泽山谷。木文侧戾，故曰
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】风血羸瘦，补腰脚，益阳道，宜浸酒饮（藏器）。
（《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶出安南及南海。用作床几，似紫檀而色赤，性坚
时珍曰∶木性坚，紫红色。亦有花纹者，谓之花榈木，可作器皿、扇骨诸物。俗作花梨
，误矣。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】产后恶露冲心，症瘕结气，赤白漏下，并锉煎服（李 ）。破血块，冷嗽，煮
汁热服。为枕令人头痛，性热
（《宋嘉 》）
【释名】 榈。
时珍曰∶皮中毛缕如马之鬃KT ，故名。KT ，俗作棕。KT ，音闾，鬣也。 ，音
并。
【集解】颂曰∶棕榈出岭南、西川，今江南亦有之。木高一、二丈，无枝条。叶大而圆，
有如车轮，萃于树杪。其下有皮重叠裹之，每皮一匝，为一节。二旬一采，皮转复生上。六、
七月生黄白花。八、九月结实，作房如鱼子，黑色。九月、十月采其皮用。《山海经》云∶
石翠之山，其木多棕是也。藏器曰∶其皮作绳，入土千岁不烂。昔有人开冢得一索，已生根。
岭南有桄榔、槟榔、椰子、冬叶、虎散、多罗等木，叶皆与 榈相类。时珍曰∶棕榈，川、
广甚多，今江南亦种之，最难长。初生叶如白芨叶；高二、三尺则木端数叶大如扇，上耸，
四散歧裂，其茎三棱，四时不凋。其干正直无枝，近叶处有皮裹之，每长一层即为一节。干
身赤黑，皆筋络，宜为钟杵，亦可旋为器物。其皮有丝毛，错纵如织，剥取缕解，可织衣、
帽、褥、椅之属，大为时利。每岁必两、三剥之，否则树死，或不长也。三月于木端茎中出
数黄苞，苞中有细子成列，乃花之孕也，状如鱼腹孕子，谓之棕鱼，亦曰棕笋。渐长出苞，
则成花穗，黄白色。结实累累，大如豆，生黄熟黑，甚坚实。或云∶南方此木有两种∶一种
有皮丝，可作绳；一种小而无丝，惟叶可作帚。郑樵《通志》以为王彗者，非也。王彗乃落
帚之名，即地肤子。别有蒲葵，叶与此相似而柔薄，可为扇、笠，许慎《说文》以为棕榈亦
误矣。
笋及子花
【气味】苦，涩，平，无毒。
藏器曰∶有小毒，戟人喉，未可轻服。
曰∶温，有大毒，不堪食。
时珍曰∶棕鱼，皆言有毒不可食，而广、蜀人蜜煮、醋浸，以供佛、寄远，苏东坡亦有
食棕笋诗，乃制去其毒尔。
【主治】涩肠，止泻痢肠风，崩中带下，及养血（藏器）。
【附方】新一。
大肠下血∶棕笋煮熟，切片晒干为末，蜜汤或酒服一、二钱。（《集简方》）
皮
【气味】同子。
【主治】止鼻衄吐血，破症，治肠风赤白痢，崩中带下，烧存性用（大明）。主金疮疥
癣，
生肌止血（李 ）。
【发明】宗 曰∶棕皮烧黑，治妇人血露及吐血，须佐以他药。
时珍曰∶棕灰性涩，若失血去多，瘀滞已尽者，用之切当，所谓涩可去脱也。与乱发同
用更良。年久败棕入药尤妙。
【附方】新六。
鼻血不止∶棕榈灰，随左右吹之。（黎居士方）。
血崩不止∶棕榈皮，（烧存性，）空心淡酒服三钱。一方∶加 白矾等分。
血淋不止∶棕榈皮（半烧半炒）为末，每服二钱，甚效。（《卫生家宝方》）。
下血不止∶棕榈皮半斤，栝蒌一个，烧灰。每服二钱，米饮调下。（《百一选方》）。
水谷痢下∶棕榈皮烧研，水服方寸匕。（《近效方》）。
小便不通∶棕皮毛（烧存性，）以水酒服二钱即通利，累试甚验。（《摄生方》）
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】
（无）
【集解】
陈藏器说：棕榈生长在树林、沼泽和山谷中。其木质纹理歪斜不正，因此得名“榈”。
【气味】
味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】
治疗风邪导致的血虚消瘦，补益腰膝，增益阳气功能，适宜浸泡在酒中饮用。（陈藏器）
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【集解】
陈藏器说：花榈木产于安南及南海地区。用作床案几桌时，质地类似紫檀但颜色更红，性质坚硬。
李时珍说：这种木材性质坚硬，呈紫红色。也有带有花纹的，称为花榈木，可以用来制作器皿、扇骨等物品。俗写作“花梨”，是错误的。
【气味】
味辛，性温，无毒。
【主治】
治疗产后恶露上冲心胸，症瘕（腹内结块）气滞，赤白带下，均锉碎后煎汤服用（李）。破除血块，治疗寒性咳嗽，煮汁热服。若用其木材做枕头会导致头痛，因其性热。
（出自《宋嘉祐本草》）
【释名】
棕榈。
李时珍说：树皮中的毛缕像马的鬃毛，因此得名。“KT”（此处指代棕榈毛或相关字形），俗写为“棕”。“KT”读音同“闾”，意为鬃毛。“ ”（此处指代棕榈皮或相关字形），读音同“并”。
【集解】
苏颂说：棕榈产于岭南、西川，如今江南地区也有生长。树干高一二丈，没有枝条。叶子大而圆，像车轮一样，聚集在树梢顶端。叶子下面有层层重叠的皮包裹着，每一圈皮算作一节。每二十天采集一次，旧皮脱落后新皮会在上方重新长出。六七月间开出黄白色的花。八九月结果实，果实成房状像鱼子，黑色。九月十月采集树皮入药。《山海经》说：石翠山，那里的树木多棕榈，就是指的这个。陈藏器说：棕榈皮可以做成绳子，埋入土中千年不腐烂。过去有人挖掘古墓得到一根绳索，已经生根发芽。岭南地区有桄榔、槟榔、椰子、冬叶、虎散、多罗等树木，它们的叶子都与棕榈相似。李时珍说：棕榈在四川、广东非常多，如今江南也种植，但最难生长。初生的叶子像白芨的叶子；长到高二三尺时，树梢端的几片叶子大如扇子，向上耸立，向四周分散裂开，茎干呈三棱形，四季不凋谢。树干正直无枝，靠近叶子处有皮包裹，每长出一层就算作一节。树干身呈赤黑色，全是筋络，适宜制作钟杵，也可以旋制为器物。树皮上有丝状毛，交错纵横如编织物，剥取后解开缕丝，可以织造衣服、帽子、褥垫、椅子等物品，对当时人们非常有利。每年必须剥两三次，否则树会死亡，或者不再生长。三月时在树梢茎中生出几个黄色苞芽，苞芽中有排列整齐的小颗粒，这是花的孕育状态，形状像鱼腹怀子，称为“棕鱼”，也叫“棕笋”。逐渐长出苞芽，就形成花穗，呈黄白色。果实累累，大小如豆，生时黄熟时黑，非常坚实。有人说：南方这种树有两种：一种有皮丝，可以做成绳子；一种较小且无丝，只有叶子可以做扫帚。郑樵《通志》认为王彗是棕榈，这是错误的。王彗是落帚的名称，即地肤子。另有蒲葵，叶子与此相似但柔薄，可以做扇子、斗笠，许慎《说文解字》将其归为棕榈也是错误的。
笋及子花
【气味】
味苦，涩，性平，无毒。
陈藏器说：有小毒，刺人喉咙，不可轻易服用。
（某医家）说：性温，有大毒，不能食用。
李时珍说：关于棕鱼，大家都说有毒素不可食用，但广东、蜀地的人用蜜煮、醋浸，用来供奉佛像或寄赠远方，苏东坡也有食用棕笋的诗篇，这是通过加工去除了毒性罢了。
【主治】
涩肠，止泻痢和肠风，治疗崩漏带下，以及养血（陈藏器）。
【附方】新增一则。
大肠下血：将棕笋煮熟，切片晒干研为末，用蜜水或酒送服一钱至二钱。（《集简方》）
皮
【气味】
与子相同。
【主治】
止鼻出血、吐血，破除症块，治疗肠风和赤白痢疾，崩漏带下，烧存性后使用（孟诜）。主治金疮疥癣，生肌止血（李）。
【发明】
宗奭说：棕榈皮烧成炭，治疗妇人血露及吐血，必须配合其他药物使用。
李时珍说：棕榈灰性质涩，如果失血过多，瘀滞已尽者，使用它非常恰当，这就是所谓的“涩可去脱”。与乱发一起使用效果更好。年代久远的败棕入药尤其妙用。
【附方】新增六则。
鼻血不止：将棕榈灰，根据左右鼻孔吹入。（黎居士方）。
血崩不止：棕榈皮，（烧存性），空腹用淡酒送服三钱。另一方法：加白矾等分。
血淋不止：棕榈皮（半烧半炒）研为末，每次服用二钱，效果很好。（《卫生家宝方》）。
下血不止：棕榈皮半斤，栝蒌一个，烧成灰。每次服用二钱，用米饮调下。（《百一选方》）。
水谷痢下：棕榈皮烧研，用水送服一方寸匕。（《近效方》）。
小便不通：棕皮毛（烧存性），用水酒送服二钱即可通利，多次试验非常有效。（《摄生方》）
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
[Names]
(None)
[Collection and Explanation]
Chen Zangqi stated: It grows in forests, marshes, and valleys. The wood grain is crooked and irregular, hence the name "Lv" (Palm).
[Flavor and Nature]
Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Treats emaciation due to wind and blood deficiency, tonifies the waist and knees, benefits yang function, and is suitable for soaking in wine for drinking (Chen Zangqi).
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
[Collection and Explanation]
Chen Zangqi stated: Huailimu (Dalbergia odorifera) originates from Annan and the South Sea region. When used for beds and tables, it resembles Zitan (Rosewood) but is redder in color and hard in nature.
Li Shizhen stated: The wood is hard and purple-red. Some have patterns and are called Huailimu, which can be used to make vessels, fan ribs, and other items. Writing it as "Huali" (Pear wood) in common usage is incorrect.
[Flavor and Nature]
Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications]
Treats postpartum lochia rushing to the heart, zhen jia (abdominal masses) with qi stagnation, red and white leukorrhea; all should be chopped and decocted for oral administration (Li). Breaks up blood stasis, treats cold coughs; boil the juice and take it hot. Using its wood as a pillow causes headaches due to its heat nature.
(From *Song Jiayou Bencao* / Song Jiayou's Materia Medica)
[Names]
Zonglv (Palmae Fructus et Fibra).
Li Shizhen stated: The fibers in the bark resemble horse manes, hence the name. "KT" (referring to specific character variants for palm fiber), commonly written as "Zong". "KT" sounds like "Lu", meaning mane. " " (referring to specific character variants), sounds like "Bing".
[Collection and Explanation]
Su Song stated: Zonglv is produced in Lingnan and Xichuan, and is now also found in Jiangnan. The trunk is one or two zhang high, without branches. The leaves are large and round, like a chariot wheel, clustered at the top of the tree. Below the leaves, there are overlapping layers of bark wrapping around, with each circle constituting one node. Harvested every twenty days, the old bark falls off and new bark regenerates above. Yellow-white flowers bloom in the sixth and seventh lunar months. Fruits mature in the eighth and ninth lunar months, appearing in clusters like fish roe, black in color. The bark is harvested in the ninth and tenth lunar months. *Shan Hai Jing* states: On Mount Shicui, the trees are mostly Zonglv, referring to this plant. Chen Zangqi stated: Its bark can be made into ropes that do not rot even after being buried in the earth for a thousand years. In the past, someone excavated a tomb and found a rope that had already taken root. In Lingnan, there are trees such as Guanglang (Arenga pinnata), Binglang (Areca catechu), Yezhi (Cocos nucifera), Dongye, Husan, and Duoluo, whose leaves are similar to Zonglv. Li Shizhen stated: Zonglv is abundant in Sichuan and Guangdong, and is now cultivated in Jiangnan, but is difficult to grow. Initially, the leaves resemble those of Baiji (Bletilla striata); when it reaches two or three chi in height, several large leaves at the tip expand like fans, standing upright and splitting outward. The stem is triangular and evergreen. The trunk is straight and branchless, wrapped in bark near the leaves, with each layer forming a node. The trunk body is dark red-black, consisting entirely of fibrous veins, suitable for making bell mallets, and can also be turned into vessels. The bark has silky fibers interwoven like fabric; once peeled and separated, they can be woven into clothes, hats, mats, chairs, etc., providing great utility to people. It must be stripped two or three times a year; otherwise, the tree will die or cease growing. In the third lunar month, several yellow buds emerge from the stem at the tree top. Inside these buds are neatly arranged small grains, which are the precursors of flowers, resembling fish carrying eggs, called "Zongyu" (Palm Fish) or "Zongsun" (Palm Shoots). As they grow out of the buds, they form flower spikes, yellowish-white. The fruits hang in clusters, bean-sized, turning from yellow when raw to black when ripe, and are very hard. Some say there are two types of this tree in the south: one has bark fibers suitable for making ropes; the other is smaller, lacks fibers, and only its leaves are suitable for making brooms. Zheng Qiao's *Tongzhi* incorrectly identifies Wanghui as Zonglv. Wanghui refers to fallen brooms, specifically Difuzi (Kochia scoparia). There is also Pukui (Livistona chinensis), whose leaves are similar but softer and thinner, suitable for fans and hats. Xu Shen's *Shuowen Jiezi* is also mistaken in classifying it as Zonglv.
Shoots, Seeds, and Flowers
[Flavor and Nature]
Bitter, astringent, neutral, non-toxic.
Chen Zangqi stated: Slightly toxic, irritates the throat, should not be taken lightly.
(Some physician) stated: Warm, highly toxic, inedible.
Li Shizhen stated: Regarding Zongyu, everyone says it is toxic and inedible, but people in Guangdong and Shu cook it with honey and soak it in vinegar to offer to Buddhas or send to distant friends. Su Dongpo also wrote poems about eating Zongsun; this is achieved by processing to remove the toxicity.
[Indications]
Astringes the intestines, stops dysentery and intestinal wind, treats metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, and nourishes blood (Chen Zangqi).
[Attached Prescriptions] One New Prescription.
Lower GI Bleeding: Cook Zongsun thoroughly, slice, dry, and powder. Take 1-2 qian with honey water or wine. (*Jijian Fang*)
Bark
[Flavor and Nature]
Same as the seeds.
[Indications]
Stops epistaxis and hematemesis, breaks up masses, treats intestinal wind and bloody dysentery, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea; use calcined ash (Meng Shen). Treats traumatic injuries, scabies, and tinea; promotes tissue regeneration and stops bleeding (Li).
[Invention and Commentary]
Zongshi stated: Calcined Zongpi (Palm Fiber) treats women's abnormal uterine bleeding and hematemesis, but must be combined with other herbs.
Li Shizhen stated: Zonghui (Palm Ash) is astringent. If there is excessive blood loss with resolved stasis, it is appropriate to use, embodying the principle that "astringents can treat collapse." It works better when used together with Luafa (Human Hair). Old, decayed Zong is especially effective in medicine.
[Attached Prescriptions] Six New Prescriptions.
Unstopping Epistaxis: Blow Zonghui (Palm Ash) into the respective nostrils. (Li Jushi's Formula)
Unstopping Metrorrhagia: Zongpi (Palm Bark), (calcined to retain properties), taken on an empty stomach with light wine, 3 qian. Another formula: Add equal parts of Bai Fan (Alumen).
Unstopping Hematuria: Zongpi (half calcined, half stir-fried) powdered, 2 qian per dose, very effective. (*Weisheng Jiabao Fang*)
Unstopping Lower Bleeding: 8 liang Zongpi (Palm Bark), 1 Gualou (Trichosanthes fruit), calcined to ash. Take 2 qian mixed with rice drink. (*Baiyi Xuanfang*)
Watery Dysentery: Zongpi (Palm Bark) calcined and powdered, taken with water, one cun bi (measure). (*Jinxiao Fang*)
Urinary Retention: Zongmaomao (Palm Hairs/Fibers) (calcined to retain properties), taken with water and wine, 2 qian, immediately promotes urination, tested repeatedly with great efficacy. (*Shesheng Fang*)