（《本经》上品）
【释名】杜兰（《别录》）、林兰（《本经》）
时珍曰∶其香如兰，其花如莲，故名。其木心黄，故曰黄心。
【集解】《别录》曰∶木兰生零陵山谷及太山。皮似桂而香。十二
弘景曰∶零陵诸处皆有之。状如楠树，皮甚薄而味辛香。今益州者皮浓，状如浓朴，而
气味为胜。今东人皆以山桂皮当之，亦相类。道家用合香亦好。
保升曰∶所在皆有。树高数仞。叶似菌桂叶，有三道纵纹，其叶辛香不及桂也。皮如板
桂，有纵横纹。三月、四月采皮，阴干。
颂曰∶今湖、岭、蜀川诸州皆有之。此与桂全别，而韶州所上，乃云与桂同是一种。取
外皮为木兰，中肉为桂心。盖是桂中之一种尔。十一月、十二月采，阴干。任 《述异记》
云∶木兰川，在浔阳江中，多木兰。又七里洲中有鲁班刻木兰舟，至今在洲中。今诗家云木
兰舟，出于此。时珍曰∶木兰枝叶俱疏。其花内白外紫，亦有四季开者。深山生者尤大，可
以为舟。按∶《白乐天集》云∶木莲生巴峡山谷间，民呼为黄心树。大者高五、六丈，涉冬
不凋。身如青杨，有白纹。叶如桂而浓大，无脊。花如莲花，香色艳腻皆同，独房蕊有异。
四月初始开，二十日即谢，不结实。此说乃真木兰也。其花有红、黄、白数色。其木肌细而
心黄，梓人所重。苏颂所言韶州者，是牡桂，非木兰也。或云木兰树虽去皮，亦不死。罗愿
言其冬花、实如小柿甘美者，恐不然也。
皮
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
【主治】身大热在皮肤中，去面热赤 酒渣，恶风癫疾，阴下痒湿，明耳目（《本经》）。
疗中风伤寒，及痈疽水肿，去臭气
【附方】旧二，新二。
小儿重舌∶木兰皮一尺，广四寸，削去粗皮，入醋一升，渍汁噙之。（《子母秘录》）
面上 ∶用木兰皮一斤细切，以三年酢浆渍之百日，晒干捣末。每浆水服方寸匕，
日三服。《肘后》用酒渍之，栀子仁一斤。（《古今录验》方）
皮一两，黄 二两，为末。酒服方寸匕，日三服。（《肘后方
花
【主治】鱼哽骨哽，化铁丹用之（时珍）。
（被列为《神农本草经》上品）
【释名】杜兰（出自《名医别录》）、林兰（出自《神农本草经》）
李时珍说：它的香气像兰花，花朵像莲花，所以得名。它的木质心材呈黄色，所以称为黄心。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：木兰生长在零陵的山谷以及泰山。树皮像肉桂但气味更香。陶弘景说：零陵各地都有生长。形状像楠树，树皮很薄且味道辛辣芳香。现在益州出产的树皮较厚，形状像厚朴，但气味更佳。现在东方人常用山桂皮来代替，也相类似。道士们用于配制合香也很好。
苏保升说：各地都有生长。树木高达数仞。叶子像菌桂的叶子，有三条纵向纹理，叶子的辛辣香味不如肉桂。树皮像板桂，有纵横交错的纹理。三月、四月采集树皮，阴干。
苏颂说：现在湖、岭、蜀川各州都有生长。这种植物与肉桂完全不同，但韶州进贡的，却说与肉桂是同一种类。取外皮称为木兰，中间肉质部分称为桂心。大概是肉桂中的一种罢了。十一月、十二月采集，阴干。任昉在《述异记》中说：木兰川位于浔阳江中，有很多木兰。还有七里洲中有鲁班雕刻的木兰舟，至今仍在洲中。现在的诗人所说的“木兰舟”，就是出于这里。李时珍说：木兰的枝叶都稀疏。它的花朵内部白色外部紫色，也有四季开花的。深山中生长的尤其大，可以用来做船。据《白乐天集》记载：木莲生长在巴峡的山谷间，百姓称之为黄心树。大的高五、六丈，过冬不凋谢。树干像青杨，有白色纹路。叶子像肉桂但浓大，没有脊棱。花朵像莲花，香气和颜色艳丽细腻都相同，只有花房花蕊不同。四月初才开始开花，二十天后就凋谢，不结果实。这种说法才是真正的木兰。它的花朵有红、黄、白几种颜色。它的木材肌理细腻而心材为黄色，是木匠所看重的。苏颂所说的韶州产的，是牡桂，不是木兰。有人说木兰树即使剥去树皮也不会死。罗愿说它冬天开花、果实像小柿子一样甘美，恐怕不是这样。
【皮】
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】身体高热在皮肤中，去除面部热赤及酒渣鼻，治疗恶风癫疾，阴部瘙痒潮湿，明目聪耳（出自《神农本草经》）。
治疗中风伤寒，以及痈疽水肿，去除臭气。
【附方】旧方二首，新方二首。
小儿重舌症：取一尺长、宽四寸的木兰皮，削去粗皮，放入一升醋中浸泡出汁，含漱。（出自《子母秘录》）
面上酒渣鼻：用一斤木兰皮细细切碎，用三年的酢浆浸泡一百天，晒干后捣成粉末。每次用浆水送服一方寸匕，每日三次服用。《肘后备急方》用酒浸泡，加入栀子仁一斤。（出自《古今录验》方）
[此处原文缺字，推测为某药]一两，黄[此处原文缺字，推测为某药]二两，研为粉末。用酒送服一方寸匕，每日三次服用。（出自《肘后方》）
(Recorded as a Superior Grade in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* [Classic of Materia Medica])
【Names】Dulan (from *Bielu* [Supplementary Records]), Linlan (from *Benjing* [Classic of Materia Medica])
Li Shizhen stated: Its fragrance resembles that of an orchid, and its flowers resemble those of a lotus, hence the name. The heartwood is yellow, thus it is called "Huangxin" (Yellow Heart).
【Collection and Explanation】The *Bielu* states: Magnolia officinalis grows in the valleys of Lingling and Mount Tai. Its bark resembles that of Cinnamon Twig but has a more fragrant aroma. Tao Hongjing said: It grows everywhere in Lingling. Its shape resembles that of a Nanmu tree; the bark is very thin with a pungent and fragrant taste. Those from Yizhou have thicker bark, resembling that of Phellodendron Bark, but possess superior aroma and taste. People in the East often use Shan Guipi (Mountain Cinnamon Bark) as a substitute, which is also similar. It is also good for Daoists to use in preparing compound incense.
Su Baosheng said: It is found everywhere. The trees are several ren high. The leaves resemble those of Jun Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex), having three longitudinal veins, but their pungent fragrance is inferior to that of cinnamon. The bark resembles Ban Gui (Plate Cinnamon), with crisscrossing textures. The bark is harvested in March and April and dried in the shade.
Su Song said: It is now found in various prefectures in Hu, Ling, and Shuchuan. This plant is completely different from cinnamon, yet the tribute from Shaozhou claims to be the same species. The outer bark is called Magnolia Bark, while the inner fleshy part is called Guixin (Cinnamon Heart). It is likely a variety within the cinnamon genus. Harvested in November and December and dried in the shade. Ren Fang's *Shuyi Ji* [Records of Strange Tales] states: Mulan River is located in the Xunyang River, abundant with magnolias. Also, in Qili Islet, there is a Mulan Boat carved by Lu Ban, which remains there to this day. Poets refer to the "Mulan Boat" originating from here. Li Shizhen said: The branches and leaves of Magnolia are sparse. Its flowers are white inside and purple outside, and some bloom throughout the four seasons. Those growing in deep mountains are particularly large and can be used to make boats. According to the *Ji of Bai Juyi*: Molian grows in the valleys of Ba and Xia, and people call it Huangxin Shu (Yellow Heart Tree). Large ones are five or six zhang high, remaining evergreen through winter. The trunk resembles Qingyang (Green Poplar) with white streaks. The leaves are like cinnamon but thicker and larger, without a midrib. The flowers resemble lotuses, with identical fragrant and colorful elegance, differing only in the stamen cluster. They begin to bloom in early April and wither after twenty days, bearing no fruit. This description refers to the true Magnolia. Its flowers come in red, yellow, and white varieties. Its wood has fine texture and yellow heartwood, valued by carpenters. What Su Song described from Shaozhou is Musgui (Male Cinnamon), not Magnolia. Some say that even if stripped of its bark, the Magnolia tree does not die. Luo Yuan claimed it blooms in winter and bears fruits sweet like small persimmons, which is likely incorrect.
【Bark】
【Flavor and Nature】Bitter, Cold, Non-toxic.
【Indications】High fever located in the skin, removal of facial heat/redness and Rosacea, treatment of Fengdian (Wind-induced Epilepsy), itching and dampness in the genital area, brightening the eyes and improving hearing (*Benjing*).
Treatment of Zhongfeng Shanghan (Wind-strike and Cold Damage), as well as carbuncles, sores, and edema, removing foul odors.
【Attached Formulas】Two old formulas, two new formulas.
Pediatric Chongshe (Double Tongue): Take one chi long and four cun wide Magnolia Bark, scrape off the rough outer layer, soak in one sheng of vinegar to extract the juice, and hold in the mouth to swallow slowly (*Zimu Milu*).
Facial Rosacea: Use one jin of finely chopped Magnolia Bark, soak in three-year-old sour sorrel juice for one hundred days, dry, and grind into powder. Take one fangcun bi (square-inch spoonful) with Jiangshui (grain water) each time, three times a day. *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* uses wine soaking with one jin of Gardenia Seed (*Gujin Luyan* formula).
[Text missing] one liang, Huang [Text missing] two liang, ground into powder. Take one fangcun bi with wine, three times a day (*Zhouhou Fang*).
【Flower】
【Indications】Fish bone or bone impaction in the throat; used in Huatie Dan (Iron-Dissolving Pill) (Li Shizhen).