（音矩员。宋《图经》）
【校正】原附豆蔻下，今分出。
【释名】香橼（俗作圆）、佛手柑。
时珍曰∶义未详。佛手，取象也。
【集解】藏器曰∶枸橼生岭南，柑、橘之属也。其叶大，其实大如盏，味辛酸。
颂曰∶今闽广、江南皆有之，彼人呼为香橼子。形长如小瓜状，其皮若橙而光泽可爱，
肉甚浓，白如萝卜而松虚。虽味短而香芬大胜，置衣笥中，则数日香不歇。寄至北方，人甚
贵重。古作五和糁用之。
时珍曰∶枸橼产闽广间。木似朱栾而叶尖长，枝间有刺。植之近水乃生。其实状如人手
，有指，俗呼为佛手柑。有长一尺四、五寸者。皮如橙柚而浓，皱而光泽。其色如瓜，生绿
熟黄。其核细。其味不甚佳而清香袭人。南人雕镂花鸟，作蜜煎果食。置之几案，可供玩
。若安芋片于蒂而以湿纸围护，经久不瘪。或捣蒜罨其蒂上，则香更充溢。《异物志》云∶
浸汁浣葛 ，胜似酸浆也！
皮瓤
【气味】辛、酸，无毒。弘景曰∶性温。恭曰∶性冷。陶说误矣。藏器曰∶性温
【主治】下气，除心头痰水（藏器）。煮酒饮，治痰气咳嗽。煎汤，治心下气痛（时珍）。
根、叶
【主治】同皮（《橘谱》）。
（《纲目》）
【释名】金柑（《橘谱》）、卢橘（《汉书》）、夏橘（《广州记》）、山橘（《北户录》）、
给客橙（《魏王花木志》）。
时珍曰∶此橘生时青卢色，黄熟则如金，故有金橘、卢橘之名。卢，黑色也。或云卢，
酒器之名，其形肖之故也。注《文选》者以枇杷为卢橘，误矣。案∶司马相如《上林赋》云
∶卢橘夏熟，枇杷 柿。以二物并列，则非一物明矣。此橘夏冬相继，故云夏熟，而裴渊《
广州记》谓之夏橘。给客橙者，其芳香如橙，可供给客也。
【集解】时珍曰∶金橘，生吴粤、江浙、川广间。或言出营道者为冠，而江浙者皮甘肉
酸，次之。其树似橘，不甚高硕。五月开白花结实，秋冬黄熟，大者径寸，小者如指头，形
长而皮坚，肌理细莹，生则深绿色，熟乃黄如金。其味酸甘，而芳香可爱，糖造、蜜煎皆佳
。案∶《魏王花木志》云∶蜀之成都、临邛、江源诸处，有给客橙，一名卢橘。似橘而非，
若柚而香。夏冬花实常相继，或如弹丸，或如樱桃，通岁食之。又刘恂《岭表录异》云∶山
橘子大如土瓜，次如弹丸，小树绿叶，夏结冬熟，金色薄皮而味酸，偏能破气。容、广人连
枝藏之，入脍醋尤加香美。韩彦直《橘谱》云∶金柑出江西，北人不识。景 中始至汴都，
因温成皇后嗜之，价遂贵重。藏绿豆中可经时不变，盖橘性热、豆性凉也。又有山金柑，一
名山金橘，俗名金豆。木高尺许，实如樱桃，内只一核。俱可蜜渍，香味清美。以上诸说，
皆指今之金橘，但有一类数种之异耳。
【气味】酸、甘，温，无毒。
【主治】下气快膈，止渴解酲，辟臭。皮尤佳（时珍）。
（音同“矩员”。出自宋代《图经本草》）
【校正】原附在豆蔻条目之下，现将其分出。
【释名】香橼（民间写作“圆”）、佛手柑。
李时珍说：其含义不详。“佛手”，是取其形状像佛手之意。
【集解】苏颂引藏器说：枸橼生长在岭南地区，属于柑、橘一类。它的叶子大，果实大如盏口，味道酸辛。
苏颂说：现在福建、广东、江南等地都有生长，当地人称为香橼子。形状长得像小瓜，果皮像橙子一样光泽可爱，果肉很厚，白色像萝卜一样疏松空虚。虽然味道短暂但香气非常浓郁，放在衣箱中，几天后香气仍不消散。寄送到北方，人们非常珍视。古代用它制作五和糁食用。
李时珍说：枸橼产于福建、广东一带。树木类似朱栾但叶子尖长，枝条间有刺。种植在水边才能生长。果实形状像人手，有手指状突起，俗称佛手柑。有的长达一尺四、五寸。果皮像橙柚一样厚实，皱缩而有光泽。颜色像瓜，生时绿色，熟时黄色。种子细小。味道不太佳但清香袭人。南方人雕刻花鸟图案，制成蜜饯果品。放置在几案上，可供观赏。如果在蒂部安放芋片并用湿纸包裹保护，经久不会干瘪。或者捣碎蒜泥敷在蒂部，则香气更加充盈。《异物志》记载：用其汁液洗涤葛布，效果胜过酸浆水！
【皮瓤】
【气味】辛、酸，无毒。陶弘景说：性温。孟诜说：性冷。陶弘景的说法是错误的。藏器说：性温。
【主治】下气，消除心头的痰水（藏器）。煮酒饮用，治疗痰气咳嗽。煎汤服用，治疗心下部的气痛（李时珍）。
【根、叶】
【主治】功效与果皮相同（《橘谱》）。
（出自《本草纲目》）
【释名】金柑（《橘谱》）、卢橘（《汉书》）、夏橘（《广州记》）、山橘（《北户录》）、给客橙（《魏王花木志》）。
李时珍说：这种橘子在未成熟时呈青黑色，成熟变黄后如同金子，所以有金橘、卢橘的名称。卢，指黑色。有人说卢是酒器的名字，因为形状像它。注释《文选》的人将枇杷当作卢橘，这是错误的。考察司马相如的《上林赋》说：“卢橘夏熟，枇杷柿。”将这两种东西并列列出，显然不是同一种东西。这种橘子夏冬相继结果，所以说夏季成熟，而裴渊的《广州记》称之为夏橘。给客橙，是因为其芳香像橙子，可以用来招待客人。
【集解】李时珍说：金橘生长在吴越、江浙、川广等地。有人说出自营道的品质最好，而江浙产的皮甜肉酸，稍次。树木像橘子树，不太高大。五月开白花结果，秋冬季节成熟变黄，大的直径一寸，小的像手指头，形状长且皮坚，肌理细密晶莹，生时深绿色，熟时黄如金。味道酸甘，香气宜人，糖渍、蜜煎都很适宜。考察《魏王花木志》说：蜀地成都、临邛、江源等处，有给客橙，一名卢橘。像橘子但不是橘子，像柚子但有香味。夏冬开花结果常相继，有的像弹丸，有的像樱桃，全年都可以食用。又刘恂《岭表录异》说：山橘子大如土瓜，小的像弹丸，小树绿叶，夏天结冬天熟，金色薄皮味道酸，特别能破气。容州、广州人连枝收藏，放入脍醋中更加香美。韩彦直《橘谱》说：金橘产自江西，北方人不认识。景祐年间才开始进入汴京，因为温成皇后喜爱它，价格于是变得贵重。藏在绿豆中可以长时间不变质，大概因为橘子性热、豆子性凉。还有山金柑，一名山金橘，俗名金豆。树木高一尺左右，果实像樱桃，里面只有一颗核。都可以蜜渍，香味清美。以上各种说法，都指向现在的金橘，只是有一类数种的差异罢了。
【气味】酸、甘，温，无毒。
【主治】下气宽胸膈，止渴解酒醉，辟除秽臭。果皮尤其好（李时珍）。
(Juanyuan, pronounced "Ju Yuan". From the Song Dynasty *Tujing Bencao*).
[Correction] Originally appended under the entry for Cardamom (Doukou), now separated.
[Names] Xiangyuan (commonly written as Yuan), Foshougan (Buddha's Hand Citron).
Li Shizhen states: The meaning is unclear. "Foshou" (Buddha's Hand) refers to its shape resembling a Buddha's hand.
[Collected Explanations] Zangqi states: Gouyuan grows in the Lingnan region and belongs to the citrus family (Citrus reticulata group). Its leaves are large, and its fruit is as big as a cup, with a sour and pungent taste.
Song states: It is now found in Fujian, Guangdong, and Jiangnan. Locals call it Xiangyuanzi. It is long like a small melon; its peel resembles an orange, glossy and attractive. The flesh is thick, white like radish, and loose. Although the flavor is fleeting, the fragrance is overwhelmingly strong. Placed in a clothes chest, the scent lasts for days. Sent to the North, people value it highly. In ancient times, it was used to make "Wuhe San" (Five-Flavor Mixture).
Li Shizhen states: Gouyuan is produced in Fujian and Guangdong. The tree resembles Zhuluan but has pointed, elongated leaves, with thorns among the branches. It thrives when planted near water. The fruit resembles a human hand, with finger-like projections, commonly called Foshougan. Some reach one chi four or five cun in length. The peel is thick, wrinkled, and glossy like that of oranges or pomelos. The color is like a melon, green when raw and yellow when ripe. The seeds are fine. The taste is not excellent but possesses a refreshing fragrance. Southerners carve floral and bird patterns on it and make candied fruits. Placed on a desk, it serves as an ornament. If taro slices are placed at the stem and wrapped with wet paper, it remains firm for a long time. Alternatively, applying crushed garlic to the stem enhances its fragrance. *Yiwuzhi* records: Washing hemp cloth with its juice is superior to using sour liquid!
[Peel and Albedo]
[Taste and Properties] Pungent, sour, non-toxic. Tao Hongjing states: Warm nature. Meng Shen states: Cold nature. Tao's statement is erroneous. Zangqi states: Warm nature.
[Indications] Directs Qi downward, eliminates phlegm-fluids from the heart area (Zangqi). Boiled with wine and drunk, treats cough due to phlegm-Qi. Decocted as soup, treats Qi pain in the epigastrium (Li Shizhen).
[Roots and Leaves]
[Indications] Same as the peel (*Jupu*).
(From *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Names] Jin Gan (*Jupu*), Luju (*Han Shu*), Xiaju (*Guangzhou Ji*), Shanju (*Beihu Lu*), Geke Cheng (*Wei Wang Huamu Zhi*).
Li Shizhen states: This citrus is dark green/black when unripe and turns golden yellow when ripe, hence the names Jinju (Golden Citrus) and Luju. "Lu" means black. Some say "Lu" is the name of a wine vessel because its shape resembles it. Annotators of *Wenxuan* mistakenly identified Loquat (Pipa) as Luju. Examining Sima Xiangru's *Shanglin Fu*: "Luju ripens in summer, Pipa and Shi." Listing these two items separately proves they are not the same thing. This citrus bears fruit successively in summer and winter, hence "ripening in summer," and Pei Yuan's *Guangzhou Ji* calls it Xiaju. Geke Cheng (Guest-Serving Orange) gets its name because its fragrance is like an orange and suitable for serving guests.
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen states: Jinju grows in Wu-Yue, Jiang-Zhe, Sichuan, and Guangdong. Some say the variety from Yingdao is superior, while those from Jiang-Zhe have sweet peel and sour flesh, ranking second. The tree resembles a mandarin orange tree and is not very tall. It blooms white flowers in May and bears fruit, ripening yellow in autumn and winter. Large ones are one cun in diameter, small ones like a fingertip. They are elongated with tough skin, fine and crystalline texture, deep green when raw, and golden yellow when ripe. The taste is sour and sweet, with a pleasant fragrance; both sugar-candied and honey-preserved forms are excellent. According to *Wei Wang Huamu Zhi*: In Chengdu, Linqiong, and Jiangyuan in Shu, there is Geke Cheng, also known as Luju. It resembles an orange but is not one, and resembles a pomelo but is fragrant. Flowers and fruit appear successively in summer and winter, some like pellets, others like cherries, edible throughout the year. Liu Xun's *Lingbiao Luyi* states: Shanju is as large as a field melon, smaller ones like pellets. Small trees with green leaves bear fruit in summer and ripen in winter. Golden thin-skinned and sour-tasting, it particularly breaks Qi. People in Rong and Guang store them with branches; adding them to minced meat vinegar enhances the aroma. Han Yanzhi's *Jupu* states: Jinju originates from Jiangxi; northerners did not know it. It reached Bianjing during the Jingyou era because Empress Wencheng favored it, causing prices to soar. Stored in mung beans, it remains unchanged for a long time, likely because citrus is warm-natured and mung beans are cool-natured. There is also Shanjinju, also called Shanjinju, commonly known as Jindou. The tree is about one chi high, fruits like cherries, containing only one seed. All can be preserved in honey, with clear and beautiful fragrance. All the above descriptions refer to the current Jinju, differing only in varieties within the same category.
[Taste and Properties] Sour, sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Directs Qi downward, relieves chest fullness, stops thirst, resolves alcohol intoxication, repels foul odors. The peel is especially effective (Li Shizhen).