（《唐本草》）
【校正】自木部移入此。
【释名】三果。
曰∶木似诃梨勒，而子亦相似，但圆而毗，故以名之。毗，即脐也。
【集解】恭曰∶毗梨勒出西域及南海诸国，岭南交、爱等州，戎人谓之三果。树似胡
桃，子形亦似胡桃。核似诃梨勒，而圆短无棱，用亦同法。番人以此作浆甚热。
实
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
曰∶味苦带涩，微温无毒。作浆性热。
【主治】风虚热气，功同庵摩勒（《唐本》）。暖肠腹，去一切冷气。作浆染须发，变黑
色（甄权）。下气，止泻痢。（大明）烧灰，干血有效（李 ）。
【发明】时珍曰∶毗梨勒古方罕用，惟《千金方》补肾鹿角丸用三果浆吞之，云无则以
酒代之。则此果亦余甘之类，而性稍温涩也。
【附方】新一。
大风发脱∶毗梨勒烧灰，频擦有效。（《圣惠方》）
没离梨（《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶没离梨生西南诸国。似毗梨勒，上有毛少许也。
实
【气味】辛，平，无毒。 曰∶微温。
【主治】上气，下食（藏器）。主消食涩肠下气，及上气咳嗽。并宜入面药（李 ）。
（《纲目》）
【释名】五棱子（《桂海志》）、阳桃。
【时珍曰】按∶稽含《草木状》云∶南人呼棱为敛，故以为名。
【集解】时珍曰∶五敛子出岭南及闽中，闽人呼为阳桃。其大如拳，其色青黄润绿，形
甚诡异，状如田家碌碡，上有五棱如刻起，作剑脊形。皮肉脆软，其味初酸久甘，其核如柰
。五月熟，一树可得数石，十月再熟。以蜜渍之，甘酢而美，俗亦晒干以充果食。又有三廉
子，盖亦此类也。陈祈畅《异物志》云∶三廉出熙安诸郡。南人呼棱为廉，虽名三廉，或有
五、六棱者。食之多汁，味甘且酸，尤宜与众果参食。
实
【气味】酸、甘、涩，平，无毒。
【主治】风热，生津止渴（时珍）。
（出自《唐本草》）
【校正】从木部移入此部。
【释名】三果。
李时珍说：树形像诃梨勒，果实也相似，只是圆形且中间凹陷，所以以此命名。“毗”就是肚脐的意思。
【集解】苏恭说：毗梨勒产于西域及南海各国，岭南的交州、爱州等地，戎人称之为三果。树形像胡桃，果实形状也像胡桃。果核像诃梨勒，但更圆短且没有棱角，用法也相同。番人用它制作浆液，性质非常热。
【气味】味苦，性寒，无毒。
李时珍说：味道苦涩，微温，无毒。制成浆液后性质变热。
【主治】风虚热气，功效同庵摩勒（出自《唐本草》）。温暖肠腹，去除一切冷气。制成浆液涂抹须发，可使变黑（甄权）。降气，止泻痢（大明）。烧成灰，对干血证有效（李珣）。
【发明】李时珍说：毗梨勒在古代方剂中很少使用，只有《千金方》中的补肾鹿角丸用三果浆送服，如果没有则用酒代替。那么这种果实也是余甘子的同类，而性质稍显温涩。
【附方】新增一方。
大风病导致脱发：将毗梨勒烧成灰，频繁擦拭患处，有效。（出自《圣惠方》）
没离梨（出自《拾遗》）
【集解】陈藏器说：没离梨生长在西南各国。外形像毗梨勒，上面有少许毛。
【气味】味辛，性平，无毒。
李时珍说：微温。
【主治】上气，消食（陈藏器）。主治消食、涩肠、降气，以及上气咳嗽。都适合加入面药中使用（李珣）。
（出自《纲目》）
【释名】五棱子（出自《桂海志》）、阳桃。
【李时珍说】据稽含《草木状》记载：南方人把“棱”称为“敛”，所以以此命名。
【集解】李时珍说：五敛子产于岭南及福建中部，福建人称之为阳桃。果实大如拳头，颜色青黄润泽，形状非常奇特，像农家用的石碌碡，上有五条棱如同刻起，呈剑脊形。皮肉脆软，味道初尝酸，久嚼甘甜，果核像柰果。五月成熟，一棵树可得数石，十月再次成熟。用蜜渍制，酸甜美味，民间也晒干作为果品食用。还有三廉子，大概也是这一类。陈祈畅《异物志》说：三廉产于熙安各郡。南方人把“棱”称为“廉”，虽然名叫三廉，但有的有五、六条棱。食用多汁，味甘带酸，尤其适宜与其他水果混合食用。
【气味】酸、甘、涩，性平，无毒。
【主治】风热，生津止渴（李时珍）。
(From *Tang Bencao*)
[Correction] Transferred from the Wood category to this section.
[Names] San Guo (Three Fruits).
Li Shizhen states: The tree resembles Che Li Le (*Terminalia chebula*), and the fruit is also similar, but it is round with a central depression; hence the name. "Pi" refers to the navel.
[Collected Explanations] Su Gong says: Pi Li Le originates from the Western Regions and various countries of the South Sea. In Lingnan, specifically Jiao and Ai prefectures, the Rong people call it San Guo. The tree resembles the walnut (*Juglans regia*), and the fruit shape is also like a walnut. The nut resembles Che Li Le but is rounder, shorter, and lacks ridges; its usage is the same. Foreigners make a syrup from it which is very hot in nature.
[Fragrance and Flavor] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen says: Taste is bitter with astringency, slightly warm, non-toxic. When made into syrup, its nature becomes hot.
[Indications] Wind-deficiency and heat qi; efficacy is the same as An Mo Le (*Phyllanthus emblica*) (from *Tang Bencao*). Warms the intestines and abdomen, dispels all types of cold qi. Made into syrup for dyeing beard and hair, turning them black (Zhen Quan). Directs Qi downward, stops diarrhea and dysentery (Da Ming). Burned to ash, effective for dry blood conditions (Li Xun).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen says: Pi Li Le is rarely used in ancient formulas. Only the Bu Shen Lu Jiao Wan (Kidney-Nourishing Deer Antler Pill) in *Qian Jin Fang* uses San Guo syrup for swallowing; if unavailable, wine is substituted. Thus, this fruit belongs to the same category as Yu Gan Zi (*Phyllanthus emblica*), but its nature is slightly warm and astringent.
[Attached Formulas] One new formula.
Severe wind disease causing hair loss: Burn Pi Li Le to ash, apply frequently to the affected area; effective. (From *Sheng Hui Fang*)
Mei Li Li (From *Shi Yi*)
[Collected Explanations] Chen Zangqi says: Mei Li Li grows in various southwestern countries. It resembles Pi Li Le, with a small amount of hair on top.
[Fragrance and Flavor] Pungent, neutral, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen says: Slightly warm.
[Indications] Upper Qi (rebellious Qi), digestion promotion (Chen Zangqi). Mainly treats digestion promotion, intestinal astringency, directing Qi downward, and upper Qi cough. Suitable for inclusion in facial preparations (Li Xun).
(From *Ben Cao Gang Mu*)
[Names] Wu Leng Zi (Five-Ridged Fruit) (from *Gui Hai Zhi*), Yang Tao.
[Li Shizhen says] According to Ji Han's *Cao Mu Zhuang*: Southerners call "ridges" as "lian", hence the name.
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen says: Wu Lian Zi originates from Lingnan and central Fujian. Fujian people call it Yang Tao. The fruit is fist-sized, green-yellow and lustrous, with a bizarre shape resembling a stone roller used by farmers. It has five ridges appearing carved, shaped like a sword ridge. The skin and flesh are crisp and soft. The taste is initially sour and becomes sweet after prolonged chewing. The seed resembles Nai fruit (*Malus asiatica*). It ripens in May, yielding several shi per tree, and ripens again in October. Marinated in honey, it is sweet and sour and delicious. Common people also dry it for consumption as a fruit. There is also San Lian Zi, which is likely of the same category. Chen Qichang's *Yi Wu Zhi* states: San Lian originates from Xi'an prefectures. Southerners call "ridges" as "lian". Although named San Lian, some have five or six ridges. It is juicy when eaten, sweet and sour in taste, and particularly suitable for consumption mixed with other fruits.
[Fragrance and Flavor] Sour, sweet, astringent, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Wind-heat, generates fluids, stops thirst (Li Shizhen).