（《拾遗》）
【释名】扶老杖（孟康）、椐。
【集解】藏器曰∶生剑南山谷。圆长皮紫。《汉书》∶孔光年老，赐
∶木似竹有节，长不过八、九尺，围三、四寸，自然有合杖制，不须削理。作杖，令人延年
益寿。
时珍曰∶陆氏《诗疏》云∶椐即 也。节中肿，似扶老，即今灵寿也。人以作杖及马鞭。
弘农郡共北山有之。
根皮
【气味】苦，平。
【主治】止水（藏器）。
（音葱。《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶生江南山谷。高丈余，直上无枝，茎上有刺。山人折取头茹食，谓之
吻头。
时珍曰∶今山中亦有之。树顶丛生叶，山人采食，谓之鹊不踏，以其多刺而无枝故也。
白皮
【气味】辛，平，有小毒。
【主治】水 ，煮汁服一盏，当下水。如病已困，取根捣碎，坐之取气，水自下。又能
烂人牙齿，有虫者取片许内孔中，当自烂落（藏器）。
（《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶生江南山谷林泽。叶似胡麻相对，山人取以酿酒饮。
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】老血，妇人月闭，风气羸瘦症瘕。久服，令人有子
（《唐本草》）
【集解】恭曰∶大空生襄州，所在山谷中亦有之，秦陇人名独空。作小树，抽条高六、
七尺。叶似楮，小圆浓。根皮赤色。
时珍曰∶小树大叶，似桐叶而不尖，深绿而皱纹。根皮虚软，山人采杀虱极妙。捣叶筛
蔬圃中，杀虫。
根皮
【气味】辛、苦，平，有小毒。
【主治】杀三虫。作末和油涂发，虮虱皆死（藏器）。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】扶老杖（孟康所称）、椐。
【集解】藏器说：生长在剑南的山谷中。树干圆而长，皮呈紫色。《汉书》记载：孔光年老时，皇帝赐给他这种木头。这种木头像竹子一样有节，长度不超过八、九尺，直径三、四寸，天然符合手杖的规格，不需要经过削切整理。制成手杖后，能让人延年益寿。
李时珍说：陆氏《诗疏》记载：椐就是这种树。节中间肿胀，像扶老杖，就是现在的灵寿木。人们用它制作手杖和马鞭。弘农郡共北山出产这种树。
根皮
【气味】味苦，性平。
【主治】治疗水肿（藏器）。
（音同“葱”。出自《本草拾遗》）
【集解】藏器说：生长在江南的山谷中。高一丈多，笔直向上没有分枝，茎上有刺。山里人折取它的嫩头煮食，称之为吻头。
李时珍说：现在山中也有这种树。树顶丛生叶子，山里人采集食用，称之为鹊不踏，因为它多刺且无分枝的缘故。
白皮
【气味】味辛，性平，有小毒。
【主治】治疗水肿，煎煮汁液服用一盏，水湿自然下行排出。如果病人已经身体困顿虚弱，取根部捣碎，坐于其上吸收药气，水湿也会自然下行。这种皮又能腐蚀人的牙齿，如果有牙虫，取一小片放入牙孔中，牙齿会自行腐烂脱落（藏器）。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【集解】藏器说：生长在江南山谷的林泽地带。叶子像胡麻一样相对生长，山里人采集它来酿酒饮用。
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】治疗久积之瘀血，妇女月经闭止，风气引起的消瘦及腹中结块症瘕。长期服用，能使人获得子嗣。
（出自《唐本草》）
【集解】苏恭说：大空生长在襄州，各地的山谷中也有生长，秦陇地区的人称之为独空。它是小树，枝条抽高六、七尺。叶子像楮树叶，小而圆且浓密。根皮呈赤色。
李时珍说：这种树小叶大，像桐叶但不尖，颜色深绿且有皱纹。根皮虚软，山里人采集它用来杀虱效果极佳。将叶子捣碎筛在蔬菜园圃中，可以杀虫。
根皮
【气味】味辛、苦，性平，有小毒。
【主治】杀灭三种寄生虫。研成粉末混合油脂涂抹头发，虮子和虱子都会死亡（藏器）。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
【Names】Fulao Zhang (called by Meng Kang), Ju.
【Collected Explanations】Zang Qi stated: It grows in the valleys of Jiannan. The trunk is round and long, with purple bark. *Book of Han* records: When Kong Guang was old, he was bestowed this wood. This wood resembles bamboo with nodes; its length does not exceed eight or nine chi, and its circumference is three or four cun. Naturally conforming to the specifications of a walking stick, it requires no carving or polishing. Made into a cane, it enables people to prolong their life and benefit their health.
Li Shizhen stated: Lu's *Shi Shu* [Commentary on the Book of Songs] says: Ju is this tree. The nodes are swollen in the middle, resembling the Fulao cane, which is the current Lingshou wood. People use it to make canes and horse whips. It is produced in Gongbei Mountain, Hongnong Commandery.
Root Bark
【Flavor and Properties】Bitter, neutral.
【Indications】Treats edema (Zang Qi).
(Pronounced like "Cong". From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
【Collected Explanations】Zang Qi stated: It grows in the valleys of Jiangnan. It is over one zhang high, growing straight up without branches, and the stem has thorns. Mountain dwellers cut off the tips and cook them for food, calling them Wentou.
Li Shizhen stated: It also exists in mountains today. Leaves grow densely at the top of the tree; mountain dwellers harvest and eat them, calling it Quebuta [Magpie Does Not Tread], because it has many thorns and no branches.
White Bark
【Flavor and Properties】Pungent, neutral, slightly toxic.
【Indications】Treats edema. Boil the juice and drink one zhan; water-dampness will naturally drain downward. If the patient is already debilitated, take the root, crush it, and sit upon it to absorb the medicinal vapor; water-dampness will naturally drain downward. It can also rot human teeth. For those with dental worms, take a small piece and insert it into the cavity; the tooth will naturally rot and fall out (Zang Qi).
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
【Collected Explanations】Zang Qi stated: It grows in forests and marshes in the valleys of Jiangnan. The leaves resemble Sesamum indicum [Huma] and grow opposite each other. Mountain dwellers harvest it to brew wine for drinking.
【Flavor and Properties】Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
【Indications】Treats old blood stasis, amenorrhea in women, emaciation caused by wind-pathogen, and abdominal masses (Zhijia). Long-term consumption enables one to have offspring.
(From *Tang Bencao* [Tang Materia Medica])
【Collected Explanations】Su Gong stated: Dakong grows in Xiangzhou and is also found in valleys everywhere. People in Qin and Long regions call it Dukong. It is a small tree that shoots up six or seven chi high. The leaves resemble Broussonetia papyrifera [Paper Mulberry] leaves, being small, round, and dense. The root bark is reddish.
Li Shizhen stated: The tree is small with large leaves, resembling Paulownia leaves but not pointed, deep green with wrinkles. The root bark is spongy; mountain dwellers harvest it to kill lice, which is extremely effective. Crush the leaves and sift them into vegetable gardens to kill insects.
Root Bark
【Flavor and Properties】Pungent, bitter, neutral, slightly toxic.
【Indications】Kills three types of parasites. Grind into powder, mix with oil, and apply to the hair; both nits and lice will die (Zang Qi).