（《本经》中品）
【释名】强膂（《别录》）、扶筋（《别录》）、百枝（《本经》）、狗青（《吴普》）。
恭曰∶此药苗似贯众，根长多歧，状如狗之脊骨，而肉作青绿色，故以名之。
时珍曰∶强膂、扶筋，以功名也。《别录》又名扶盖，乃扶筋之误。《本经》狗脊一名
百枝，《别录》萆 一名赤节，而《吴普本草》谓百枝为萆 ，赤节为狗脊，皆似误也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶狗脊，生常山川谷。二月、八月采根，曝干。普曰∶狗脊如萆 ，
茎节如竹有刺，叶圆赤，根黄白，亦如竹根，毛有刺。《岐伯经》云∶茎无节，叶端圆青赤，
皮白有赤脉。弘景曰∶今山野处处有之，与菝 相似而小异。其茎叶小肥，其节疏，其茎大
直，上有刺，叶圆有赤脉，根凸凹 KT 如羊角强细者是。颂曰∶今太行山、淄、温、眉
州
亦有之。苗尖细碎青色，高一尺以来，无花。其茎叶似贯众而细。其根黑色，长三、四寸，
多歧，似狗之脊骨，大有两指许。其肉青绿色。春秋采根，曝干。今方亦有用金毛者。陶氏
所说乃有刺萆 ，非狗脊也，今江左俗犹用之。 曰∶凡使狗脊，勿用透山藤根，形状一般，
只是入顶苦，不可饵也。
时珍曰∶狗脊有二种∶一种根黑色，如狗脊骨，一种有金黄毛，如狗形，皆可入药。其
茎细而叶、花两两对生，正似大叶蕨，比贯众叶有齿，面背皆光。其根大如拇指，有硬黑须
簇之。吴普、陶弘景所说根苗，皆是菝 ；苏恭、苏颂所说，即真狗脊也。按张揖《广雅》
云∶菝 ，狗脊也。张华《博物志》云∶菝 ，与萆 相乱，一名狗脊。观此则昔人以菝
为狗脊，相承之误久矣。然菝 、萆 、狗脊三者，形状虽殊，而功用亦不甚相远。
根
【修治】 曰∶凡修事，火燎去须，细锉了，酒浸一夜，蒸之，从巳至申，取出晒干用。
时珍曰∶今人惟锉炒，去毛须用。
【气味】苦，平，无毒。《别录》曰∶甘，微温。普曰∶神农∶苦；桐君、黄帝、岐伯、
雷公、扁鹊∶甘，无毒；李当之∶小温。权曰∶苦、辛、微热。之才曰∶萆 为之使，恶败
酱、莎草。
【主治】腰背强，关机缓急，周痹寒湿膝痛，颇利老人（《本经》）。疗失溺不节，男子
脚弱腰痛，风邪淋露，少气目暗，坚脊利俯仰，女子伤中关节重（《别录》）。男子女人毒风
软脚，肾气虚弱，续筋骨，补益男子（甄权）。强肝肾，健骨，治风虚（时珍）。
【附方】新四。
男子诸风∶四宝丹∶用金毛狗脊（盐泥固济， 红去毛）、苏木、萆 、川乌头（生用）
等分。为末，米醋和丸梧子大。每服二十丸，温酒、盐汤下。（《普济方》）室女白带，冲任
虚寒。鹿茸丸∶用金毛狗脊（燎去毛）、白蔹各一两，鹿茸（酒蒸，焙）二两。为末，用艾
煎醋汁打糯米糊丸梧子大。每服五十丸，空心温酒下。（《济生方》）
固精强骨∶金毛狗脊、远志肉、白茯神、当归身等分。为末，炼蜜丸梧子大。每酒服五
十丸。（《集简方》）病后足肿，但节食以养胃气。外用狗脊，煎汤渍洗。（吴绶《蕴要》）
（收录于《神农本草经》中品）
【释名】强膂（出自《名医别录》）、扶筋（出自《名医别录》）、百枝（出自《神农本草经》）、狗青（出自吴普）。
苏恭说：这种药的苗像贯众，根长且多分叉，形状像狗的脊骨，而肉质呈青绿色，因此得名。
李时珍说：强膂、扶筋，是根据功效命名的。《名医别录》又名为扶盖，这是“扶筋”的误写。《神农本草经》中狗脊又名百枝，《名医别录》中萆薢又名赤节，而《吴普本草》称百枝为萆薢，赤节为狗脊，这些都像是错误的记载。
【集解】《名医别录》说：狗脊生长在常山川谷中。二月、八月采集根部，晒干。吴普说：狗脊像萆薢，茎节像竹子且有刺，叶圆且红，根黄白色，也像竹根，毛上有刺。《岐伯经》说：茎无节，叶端圆且青红，皮白有红脉。陶弘景说：现在山野到处都有，与菝葜相似但略有不同。它的茎叶小而肥厚，节稀疏，茎大且直，上面有刺，叶圆有红脉，根凹凸不平如羊角般细长的是正品。苏颂说：现在太行山、淄州、温州、眉州也有生长。苗尖细碎呈青色，高一尺左右，不开花。其茎叶像贯众但较细。其根黑色，长三、四寸，多分叉，像狗的脊骨，粗约两指宽。肉质青绿色。春秋两季采根，晒干。现在药方中也有用金毛狗脊的。陶弘景所说的是有刺的萆薢，不是狗脊，现在江东民间仍在使用它。寇宗奭说：凡使用狗脊，不要用透山藤根，形状一般，只是入口顶端发苦，不可服用。
李时珍说：狗脊有两种：一种根黑色，像狗脊骨；一种有金黄色的毛，像狗形，都可以入药。它的茎细，叶和花两两对生，正像大叶蕨，比贯众的叶子有锯齿，正反两面都光滑。它的根大如拇指，有硬黑的须簇拥着。吴普、陶弘景所说的根苗，都是菝葜；苏恭、苏颂所说的，才是真狗脊。按张揖《广雅》说：菝葜，就是狗脊。张华《博物志》说：菝葜，与萆薢相混淆，一名狗脊。看这些记载，以前的人把菝葜当作狗脊，这种沿袭的错误已经很久了。然而菝葜、萆薢、狗脊三者，形状虽然不同，但功用也不相上下。
【修治】寇宗奭说：凡是加工处理，用火燎去须毛，细细锉碎后，用酒浸泡一夜，蒸制，从巳时到申时，取出晒干使用。
李时珍说：现在的人只将其锉碎炒用，去掉毛须即可。
【气味】苦，平，无毒。《名医别录》说：甘，微温。吴普说：神农认为苦；桐君、黄帝、岐伯、雷公、扁鹊认为甘，无毒；李当之认为小温。徐之才说：苦、辛、微热。徐之才说：萆薢是它的引经药，畏败酱、莎草。
【主治】腰背僵硬，关节弛缓或拘急，周身痹痛伴寒湿膝痛，颇利于老年人（出自《神农本草经》）。治疗小便失禁不节制，男子脚弱腰痛，风邪淋露，少气目暗，坚固脊柱利于俯仰动作，女子内伤关节沉重（出自《名医别录》）。男子女人毒风软脚，肾气虚弱，接续筋骨，补益男子（甄权）。强健肝肾，健骨，治疗风虚（李时珍）。
【附方】新收四则。
男子各种风证：四宝丹：用金毛狗脊（用盐泥密封固济，煅烧至红以去毛）、苏木、萆薢、川乌头（生用）等分。研为末，米醋调和制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用二十丸，温酒或盐汤送下。（出自《普济方》）室女白带，冲任虚寒。鹿茸丸：用金毛狗脊（燎去毛）、白蔹各一两，鹿茸（酒蒸，焙干）二两。研为末，用艾煎醋汁打糯米糊制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用五十丸，空腹温酒送下。（出自《济生方》）
固精强骨：金毛狗脊、远志肉、白茯神、当归身等分。研为末，炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次饮酒送服五十丸。（出自《集简方》）病后足肿，只需节制饮食以养胃气。外用狗脊，煎汤浸泡清洗。（吴绶《医门蕴要》）
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Qianglü (Strong Loins, from *Mingyi Bielu*), Fujin (Supporting Sinews, from *Mingyi Bielu*), Baizhi (Hundred Branches, from *Shennong Bencao Jing*), Gouqing (Dog Cyan, from Wu Pu).
Su Gong stated: The sprouts of this herb resemble *Cyrtomium fortunei* (Guanzhong), while the root is long and highly branched, resembling a dog's spinal column. Its flesh is greenish-blue, hence its name.
Li Shizhen stated: "Qianglü" and "Fujin" are named after their efficacy. *Mingyi Bielu* also lists it as "Fucai," which is likely a transcription error for "Fujin." In *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Gouji is also called "Baizhi." In *Mingyi Bielu*, *Bixie* is also called "Chijie." However, *Wu Pu Bencao* states that "Baizhi" refers to *Bixie* and "Chijie" refers to Gouji; these appear to be errors.
**[Collection and Explanation]** *Mingyi Bielu* states: Gouji grows in valleys of Changshan mountains. The roots should be harvested in the second and eighth lunar months and dried in the sun. Wu Pu stated: Gouji resembles *Bixie*; its stem has nodes like bamboo with thorns, leaves are round and reddish, roots are yellowish-white and resemble bamboo roots, and the hairs have thorns. *Qibo Jing* states: The stem has no nodes, leaf tips are round and greenish-red, skin is white with red veins. Tao Hongjing stated: It is found everywhere in mountains and wilds today, similar to *Smilax glabra* (Baqia) but slightly different. Its stems and leaves are small and fleshy, nodes are sparse, stems are large and straight with thorns, leaves are round with red veins, and the convex-concave roots, thin like sheep horns, are the authentic variety. Su Song stated: It is also found in Taihang Mountain, Zizhou, Wenzhou, and Meizhou. The tip of the sprout is fine and fragmented, greenish, about one chi high, without flowers. Its stems and leaves resemble *Cyrtomium fortunei* but are finer. The root is black, three to four cun long, highly branched, resembling a dog's spine, about two fingers wide. The flesh is greenish-blue. Roots are harvested in spring and autumn and dried in the sun. Current prescriptions also use Jinmao Gouji (Golden-haired Gouji). What Tao Hongjing described was the thorny *Bixie*, not Gouji, though it is still used by common people in Jiangdong. Kou Zongshi stated: When using Gouji, do not use the root of *Passiflora foetida* (Toushanteng); although the shapes are similar, it tastes bitter at the top and should not be ingested.
Li Shizhen stated: There are two types of Gouji: one has a black root resembling a dog's spine; the other has golden-yellow hairs resembling a dog. Both can be used medicinally. Its stems are slender, with leaves and flowers growing oppositely, resembling *Pteris cretica* (Daye Jue) more than *Cyrtomium fortunei*. Unlike the serrated leaves of Guanzhong, both surfaces of Gouji leaves are smooth. The root is as thick as a thumb, surrounded by clusters of hard black rhizomes. The descriptions of roots and sprouts by Wu Pu and Tao Hongjing refer to *Smilax glabra*; those by Su Gong and Su Song refer to true Gouji. According to Zhang Yi's *Guangya*: *Smilax glabra* is Gouji. Zhang Hua's *Bowuzhi* states: *Smilax glabra* is confused with *Bixie* and is also named Gouji. From this, we see that ancient people mistook *Smilax glabra* for Gouji, an error that has been passed down for a long time. However, although *Smilax glacia*, *Bixie*, and Gouji differ in shape, their medicinal functions are not significantly different.
**[Processing]** Kou Zongshi stated: For processing, burn off the hairs with fire, finely chop, soak in wine overnight, steam from Si hour (9-11 AM) to Shen hour (3-5 PM), then take out and dry in the sun for use.
Li Shizhen stated: People nowadays only chop and stir-fry it, removing the hairs and rhizomes before use.
**[Flavor and Properties]** Bitter, neutral, non-toxic. *Mingyi Bielu* states: Sweet, slightly warm. Wu Pu stated: Shennong considered it bitter; Tongjun, Huangdi, Qibo, Leigong, and Bianque considered it sweet and non-toxic; Li Dangzhi considered it slightly warm. Xu Zhicai stated: Bitter, acrid, slightly hot. Xu Zhicai stated: *Bixie* acts as its guiding herb; it is incompatible with *Patrinia scabiosifolia* (Baijiangcao) and *Carex diandra* (Shacao).
**[Indications]** Stiffness of the waist and back, laxity or spasticity of joints, generalized bi-syndrome with cold-damp knee pain, particularly beneficial for the elderly (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats urinary incontinence and lack of control, weakness of legs and lower back pain in men, exposure to wind pathogens causing dripping discharge, shortness of breath, dim vision, strengthens the spine facilitating flexion and extension, internal injury in women with heavy joints (*Mingyi Bielu*). Toxic wind causing soft legs in men and women, kidney qi deficiency, reconnects sinews and bones, tonifies men (Zhen Quan). Strengthens liver and kidneys, promotes bone health, treats wind-deficiency syndromes (Li Shizhen).
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Four new prescriptions.
Various wind syndromes in men: Sibao Dan (Four Treasures Pill): Use Jinmao Gouji (sealed with salt mud, calcined until red to remove hairs), *Sappan Wood* (Lignum Sappan), *Bixie*, and *Aconitum carmichaelii* raw root (Chuan Wutou) in equal parts. Grind into powder, mix with rice vinegar to make pills the size of wutong seeds. Take 20 pills per dose, washed down with warm wine or salt water (*Puji Fang*). Leukorrhea in unmarried women due to deficiency-cold of Chong and Ren meridians: Lurong Wan (Deer Antler Pill): Use Jinmao Gouji (burned to remove hairs) and *Belamcanda chinensis* root (Bailian) each 1 liang, Deer Antler (Lu Rong) steamed in wine and dried 2 liang. Grind into powder, use mugwort decoction with vinegar juice to make glutinous rice paste pills the size of wutong seeds. Take 50 pills per dose, washed down with warm wine on an empty stomach (*Jisheng Fang*).
Consolidate essence and strengthen bones: Jinmao Gouji, *Polygala tenuifolia* heartwood (Yuanzhi Rou), *Poria cocos* (Baifushen), and *Angelica sinensis* root body (Danggui Shen) in equal parts. Grind into powder, refine honey to make pills the size of wutong seeds. Take 50 pills per dose with wine (*Jijian Fang*). Post-illness foot swelling: Regulate diet to nourish stomach qi. Externally, use Gouji, decoct in water for soaking and washing (Wu Shou, *Yinya*)