（《拾遗》）
【集解】
藏器曰∶甲煎，以诸药及美果、花烧灰和蜡成口脂。所主与甲香略同，三年者良。
时珍曰∶甲煎，以甲香同沉麝诸药花物治成，可作口脂及焚 也。唐·李义山诗所谓
“沉香甲煎为廷燎”者，即此。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】甲疽，小儿头疮吻疮，口旁馋疮，耳后月蚀疮，虫蜂蛇蝎所螫之疮，并敷之（藏
器）。
（《别录》下品）
【集解】弘景曰∶田螺生水田中，及湖渎岸侧。形圆，大如梨、橘，小者如桃、李，人
煮食之。
保升曰∶状类蜗牛而尖长，青黄色，春夏采之。
时珍曰∶螺，蚌属也。其壳旋文。其肉视月盈亏，故王充云∶月毁于天，螺消于渊。《
说卦》云∶离为螺，为蚌，为龟，为鳖，为蟹。皆以其外刚而内柔也。
肉
【气味】甘，大寒，无毒。
【主治】目热赤痛，止渴（《别录》）。煮汁，疗热醒酒。用真珠、黄连末内入，良久，
取汁注目中，止目痛
硬，
小
利
湿热，治黄胆。捣烂贴脐，引热下行，止噤口痢，下水气淋闭
治瘰 癣疮（时珍）。
【附方】旧三，新二十一。
消渴饮水日夜不止，小便数者∶《心镜》∶用田螺五升，水一斗，浸一夜，渴即饮之。每
日一换水及螺。或煮食饮汁亦妙。《圣惠》∶用糯米二升，煮稀粥一
三升在内，待螺食粥尽，吐沫出。乃收任性饮之，立效。
肝热目赤∶《药性论》∶用大田螺七枚洗净，新汲水养去泥秽，换水一升浸洗取起。于净
器中，着少盐花于甲内，承取自然汁点目。逐个用了，放去之。
烂弦风眼∶方法同上，但以铜绿代盐花。
饮酒口糜∶螺、蚌煮汁饮。（《圣惠》）
酒醉不醒∶用水中螺、蚌，葱、豉煮食饮汁，即解。（《肘后》）
小便不通，腹胀如鼓∶用田螺一枚，盐半匕，生捣，敷脐下一寸三分，即通。熊彦诚曾
得此疾，异人授此方果愈。（《类编》）
噤口痢疾∶用大田螺二枚捣烂，入麝香三分作饼，烘热贴脐间。半日，热气下行，即思
食矣。甚效。（丹溪）
肠风下血
一选方》）
大肠脱肛∶脱下三五寸者。用大田螺二三枚，将井水养三四日，去泥。用鸡爪黄连研细
末，入厣内，待化成水。以浓茶洗净肛门，将鸡翎蘸扫之。以软帛托上，自然不再复发也。
（《德生堂经验方》）
反胃呕噎∶田螺洗净水养，待吐出泥，澄取晒半干，丸梧子大。每服三十丸，藿香汤下。
烂壳研服亦可。（《经验方》）
水气浮肿∶用大田螺、大蒜、车前子等分，捣膏摊贴脐上，水从便旋而下。象山县民病
此，得是方而愈。（仇远《稗史》）
酒疸诸疸∶用田螺将水养数日，去泥，取出生捣烂，入好酒内，用布帛滤过，将汁饮之，
日三服，自效。（《寿域》）
香港脚攻注∶用生大田螺捣烂，敷两股上，便觉冷趋至足而安。又可敷丹田，利小便。董
守约曾用有效。（《稗史》）
痔漏疼痛∶《乾坤生意》∶用田螺一个，入片脑一分在内，取水搽之。仍先以冬瓜汤洗净。
孙氏∶用田螺一枚，用针刺破，入白矾末同埋一夜，取螺内水扫疮上，又善能止痛也，甚妙。
《袖珍》∶用马齿苋汤洗净，捣活螺蛳敷上，其病即愈。
腋气狐臭∶《乾坤生意》∶用田螺一个，水养，俟厣开，挑巴豆仁一个在内，取置杯内，
夏一夜，冬七夜，自然成水。常取搽之，久久绝根。又方∶大田螺一个，入麝香三分在内，
埋露地七七日，取出。看患洗拭，以墨涂上，再洗。看有墨处是患窍，以螺汁点之，三五次
即瘥。
瘰 溃破∶用田螺连肉烧存性，香油调搽。（《集要方》）
疔疮恶肿∶用田螺入冰片，化水点疮上。（《普济》）
风虫癣疮∶用螺蛳十个，槿树皮末一两，同入碗内蒸熟，捣烂，入矾红三钱，以盐水调
搽。（孙氏）
绕指毒疮∶生手足指上。以活田螺一枚，生用捣碎缚之，即瘥。（《多能鄙事》）。
妒精阴疮∶大田螺二个，和壳烧存性，入轻粉同研，敷之，效。（《医林集要》）
壳
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】烧研，主尸疰心腹痛，失精。水渍饮汁，止泻（《别录》）。烂者烧研水服，止
反胃，去卒心痛（藏器）。烂壳研细末服之，止下血。小儿惊风有痰，疮疡脓水（时珍）。
【附方】新三。
心脾痛不止者∶水甲散主之。用田螺壳（溪间者亦可），以松柴片层层叠上，烧过火，
吹去松灰，取壳研末。以乌沉汤、宽中散之类，调服二钱，不传之妙。（《集要》）
小儿头疮∶田螺壳烧存性，清油调，掺之。（《圣惠》）
小儿急惊∶远年白田螺壳烧灰，入麝香少许，水调灌之。（《普济》）
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【集解】
陈藏器说：甲煎，是将各种药物以及美好的果实、花朵烧成灰，与蜡混合制成口红。其主治功效与甲香大致相同，存放三年的品质较好。
李时珍说：甲煎，是用甲香配合沉香、麝香等各种药物和花卉加工制成，可以用作口红，也可以用来焚烧。唐代诗人李义山的诗句中提到的“沉香甲煎为廷燎”，指的就是这种物品。
【气味】辛味，温性，无毒。
【主治】治疗甲疽，小儿头疮、唇疮，口角流涎的疮疡，耳后像月亮缺损一样的疮疡，以及被虫、蜂、蛇、蝎咬伤叮蜇的疮疡，均外敷使用。（陈藏器）
（出自《名医别录》下品）
【集解】陶弘景说：田螺生长在水田中，以及湖泊沟渠的岸边。形状圆润，大的像梨、橘子，小的像桃、李子，人们煮熟后食用。
苏保升说：形状类似蜗牛但更尖长，呈青黄色，春夏季节采集。
李时珍说：螺属于蚌类。其壳有旋涡状的纹理。其肉质随月亮的盈亏而变化，所以王充说：“月亮在天上亏损，螺在深渊中消瘦。”《易经·说卦传》说：“离卦象征螺、蚌、龟、鳖、蟹。”都是因为它们外表坚硬而内部柔软。
肉
【气味】甘味，大寒性，无毒。
【主治】治疗眼睛红肿热痛，止渴（《名医别录》）。煮汁液，可治疗热症和解酒毒。将真珠粉、黄连末放入螺肉中，过一会儿，取出汁液滴入眼中，可止眼痛。利湿热，治疗黄疸。捣烂后贴敷肚脐，引导热气下行，治疗噤口痢疾，通利水气淋证闭塞。治疗瘰疬、癣疮（李时珍）。
【附方】旧方三个，新方二十一个。
消渴症，日夜饮水不止，小便频数：《心镜》记载：用田螺五升，水一斗，浸泡一夜，口渴时饮用。每天更换一次水和螺。或者煮熟食用并饮用汁液也很好。《圣惠方》记载：用糯米二升，煮成稀粥三升，放入田螺在内，等田螺把粥吃尽，吐出泡沫。然后收集这些液体任人饮用，立即见效。
肝热导致眼睛发红：《药性论》记载：用大田螺七枚洗净，用新汲的水饲养以去除泥秽，换一升水浸泡清洗后取出。放在干净的容器中，在螺壳内放少许盐花，承接自然渗出的汁液滴入眼中。逐个使用后，将其放生。
烂弦风眼（眼睑边缘溃烂）：方法同上，只是用铜绿代替盐花。
饮酒导致的口腔糜烂：将螺、蚌煮汁饮用。（《圣惠方》）
醉酒不醒：用水中的螺、蚌，加葱、豆豉煮食并饮用汁液，即可解酒。（《肘后备急方》）
小便不通，腹部胀大如鼓：用田螺一枚，盐半匕，生捣碎，敷在肚脐下一寸三分处，小便即通。熊彦诚曾患此病，异人传授此方果然治愈。（《类编》）
噤口痢疾：用大田螺二枚捣烂，加入麝香三分做成饼，烘热后贴敷在肚脐间。半天后，热气下行，就想进食了。效果很好。（朱丹溪）
肠风下血
大肠脱肛：脱出三四寸者。用大田螺二三枚，用井水饲养三四天，去除泥土。用鸡爪黄连研成细末，放入螺厣（壳盖）内，等待化成水。用浓茶洗净肛门，用鸡毛蘸取药液清扫涂抹。用软布托回肛门，自然不再复发。（《德生堂经验方》）
反胃呕逆：田螺洗净用水饲养，待其吐出泥沙，澄清后晒至半干，制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用三十丸，用藿香汤送服。将壳磨碎服用也可以。（《经验方》）
水气浮肿：用大田螺、大蒜、车前子各等分，捣成膏状摊贴于脐上，水湿从大小便排出。象山县百姓患此病，得到这个方子而痊愈。（仇远《稗史》）
酒疸及其他黄疸：用田螺用水饲养数日，去除泥土，取出后生捣烂，放入好酒中，用布帛过滤，饮用汁液，每日三次，自会见效。（《寿域神方》）
香港脚（足部肿痛）攻注：用生大田螺捣烂，敷在大腿内侧，便觉得冷气趋向足部而安宁。也可敷在丹田穴，通利小便。董守约曾用此法有效。（《稗史》）
痔漏疼痛：《乾坤生意》记载：用田螺一个，放入冰片一分在内，取水搽抹患处。仍先用冬瓜汤洗净。孙氏方法：用田螺一枚，用针刺破，放入白矾末同埋一夜，取出螺内的水扫涂疮上，又能止痛，非常奇妙。《袖珍方》记载：用马齿苋汤洗净，捣活螺蛳敷上，病即愈。
腋气狐臭：《乾坤生意》记载：用田螺一个，用水饲养，等到壳盖打开，挑一粒巴豆仁放入其中，放置在杯内，夏天一夜，冬天七夜，自然变成水。经常取用搽抹，久而久之断根。另一方法：大田螺一个，放入麝香三分在内，埋在露天地上七十七天，取出。查看患处并擦拭，用墨汁涂上，再清洗。看有墨迹的地方就是病灶孔窍，用螺汁点涂，三五次即可痊愈。
瘰疬溃破：用田螺连肉烧至存性（保留药性），用香油调匀搽抹。（《集要方》）
疔疮恶肿：用田螺放入冰片，化水点涂疮上。（《普济方》）
风虫癣疮：用螺蛳十个，槿树皮末一两，一同放入碗内蒸熟，捣烂，加入矾红三钱，用盐水调匀搽抹。（孙氏）
绕指毒疮：生于手足指上。用活田螺一枚，生用捣碎缚扎患处，即愈。（《多能鄙事》）
妒精阴疮：大田螺二个，带壳烧至存性，加入轻粉同研，敷涂患处，有效。（《医林集要》）
壳
【气味】甘味，平性，无毒。
【主治】烧成研末，主治尸疰引起的心腹痛，遗精。用水浸泡后饮汁，可止泻（《名医别录》）。腐烂的壳烧成研末用水服，可治反胃，去突发心痛（陈藏器）。烂壳研成细末服用，可止下血。小儿惊风有痰，疮疡脓水（李时珍）。
【附方】新方三个。
心脾痛不止：用水甲散主治。用田螺壳（溪间的也可以），用松柴片层层叠在上面，烧透火，吹去松灰，取壳研成末。用乌沉汤、宽中散之类的药汤，调服二钱，是不传的妙方。（《集要方》）
小儿头疮：田螺壳烧至存性，用清油调和，撒敷患处。（《圣惠方》）
小儿急惊风：多年的白田螺壳烧成灰，加入少许麝香，用水调匀灌服。（《普济方》）
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
[Collected Explanations]
Chen Cangqi stated: Jiajian (Turtle Shell Paste), made by burning various herbs along with fine fruits and flowers into ash, mixing them with wax to form lip balm. Its therapeutic indications are similar to those of Jiaxiang (Ambergris-like substance from turtle shell). Those stored for three years are superior.
Li Shizhen stated: Jiajian is prepared by processing Jiaxiang together with Chenxiang (Agarwood), Shexiang (Musk), and other medicinal substances and floral materials. It can be used as lip balm or for incense burning. The line in the poetry of Li Yishan (Li Shangyin) of the Tang Dynasty, "Chenxiang Jiajian serves as the court torch," refers to this substance.
[Flavor and Properties] Pungent, Warm, Non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Indications] Treats Onychocryptosis (Ingrown Nail/Paronychia), infantile scalp sores, perioral ulcers, angular cheilitis, postauricular tinea faciei (cracks behind the ear resembling a crescent moon), and wounds inflicted by insects, bees, snakes, and scorpions; apply externally as a poultice. (Chen Cangqi)
(From *Mingyi Bielu* [Record of Famous Physicians], Lower Grade)
[Collected Explanations]
Tao Hongjing stated: Field snails (*Cipangopaludina chinensis*) live in paddy fields and along the banks of lakes and ditches. They are round in shape, as large as pears or oranges, and smaller ones like peaches or plums. People boil and eat them.
Su Baosheng stated: Their appearance resembles snails but is more pointed and elongated, greenish-yellow in color, harvested in spring and summer.
Li Shizhen stated: Snails belong to the genus *Unio* (freshwater mussels). Their shells have spiral patterns. Their flesh varies according to the waxing and waning of the moon; thus, Wang Chong said, "As the moon wanes in the sky, the snail diminishes in the abyss." The *Shuogua* chapter of the *I Ching* states: "Li (Fire trigram) represents snails, mussels, turtles, soft-shelled turtles, and crabs." This is because they are hard on the outside and soft on the inside.
Meat
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, Greatly Cold, Non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Indications] Treats redness, swelling, and pain in the eyes due to heat; relieves thirst (*Mingyi Bielu*). Boiled juice treats heat conditions and resolves alcohol intoxication. Insert powdered Zhenzhu (Pearl) and Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) into the meat; after a while, extract the juice and instill it into the eyes to relieve eye pain. Promotes urination and clears damp-heat; treats Jaundice. Mashed and applied to the umbilicus, it guides heat downward, treats Jin Kou Li (Dysentery with inability to eat), and resolves water qi obstruction in strangury. Treats Scrofula and Tinea. (Li Shizhen)
[Attached Prescriptions] Three old prescriptions, twenty-one new prescriptions.
Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst) with incessant drinking day and night and frequent urination: *Xin Jing* records: Use five sheng of field snails and one dou of water, soak overnight, and drink when thirsty. Change the water and snails daily. Alternatively, boil and consume the juice, which is also excellent. *Shenghui Fang* records: Use two sheng of glutinous rice, cook into a thin porridge with three sheng of water, add the snails inside. Wait until the snails have eaten all the porridge and exude foam. Collect this liquid and drink it at will; immediate effect is achieved.
Liver Heat causing Red Eyes: *Yaoxing Lun* records: Take seven large field snails, wash them clean, and raise them in fresh water to remove mud and impurities. Rinse with one sheng of water and remove. Place in a clean vessel, put a little salt flower inside the shell aperture to collect the natural juice, and instill into the eyes. Use one by one, then release them.
Rotating Margins Wind Eye (Blepharitis): Same method as above, but use Tonglv (Malachite Green) instead of salt flower.
Alcohol-induced Oral Ulcers: Boil snails and mussels, drink the juice. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Unconsciousness from Alcohol Intoxication: Boil aquatic snails and mussels with Congbai (Scallion) and Chidou (Fermented Soybean), eat and drink the juice to resolve intoxication. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)
Urinary Retention with Abdominal Distension like a Drum: Use one field snail and half a bi of salt, crush raw, and apply to 1.3 cun below the umbilicus; urination will resume immediately. Xiong Yancheng once suffered from this disease and was cured by this prescription given by an extraordinary person. (*Leibian*)
Jin Kou Li (Dysentery with Inability to Eat): Mash two large field snails, mix with 3 fen of Shexiang (Musk), form into pills, warm them, and apply to the umbilicus. After half a day, heat descends, and appetite returns. Very effective. (Zhu Danxi)
Chang Feng Xia Xue (Intestinal Wind with Rectal Bleeding)
Rectal Prolapse: For prolapse of three to five cun. Use two or three large field snails, raise in well water for three to four days, and remove mud. Grind Jizhua Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) into fine powder, place it inside the operculum, wait for it to dissolve into water. Clean the anus with strong tea, sweep the area with a chicken feather dipped in the solution. Support the prolapsed rectum with soft silk; it will naturally not recur. (*Deshengtang Jingyan Fang*)
Regurgitation and Vomiting: Wash field snails and raise in water until they expel mud. Clarify and sun-dry to half dryness, form into pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take thirty pills each time, washed down with Huoxiang Tang (Pogostemon Decoction). Grinding the shell and taking it orally is also acceptable. (*Jingyan Fang*)
Water Qi Edema: Use equal parts of large field snails, Dasuan (Garlic), and Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen), mash into a paste, and apply to the umbilicus. Water drains through urine and feces. Citizens of Xiangshan County suffered from this and were cured by this prescription. (Qiu Yuan, *Baishi*)
Jiu Dan and Other Jaundices: Raise field snails in water for several days, remove mud, take out and crush raw. Mix with good wine, filter through cloth, and drink the juice. Take three times daily; self-healing occurs. (*Shouyu Shenfang*)
Hong Zhang Jiao (Gouty Arthritis/Foot Rot) Invasion: Crush raw large field snails and apply to the inner thighs. One feels coldness moving toward the feet and finds relief. Can also be applied to the Dantian acupoint to promote urination. Dong Shouyue used this effectively. (*Baishi*)
Hemorrhoids and Fistula Pain: *Qiankun Shengyi* records: Use one field snail, insert one fen of Pian Nao (Borneol), extract water, and apply. First wash with Winter Melon soup. Sun's method: Use one field snail, pierce with a needle, bury with Bai Fan (Alumen) powder overnight, take the water from inside the snail, and sweep onto the sore; it also stops pain excellently. *Xiuzhen Fang* records: Wash with Machixian Tang (Portulaca Decoction), mash live river snails, and apply; the disease heals immediately.
Axillary Odor (Fox Stench): *Qiankun Shengyi* records: Use one field snail, raise in water, wait for the operculum to open, pick out one Baidu Ren (Croton Seed kernel), place it in a cup. In summer, leave for one night; in winter, seven nights. It naturally becomes liquid. Apply frequently; roots are eliminated over time. Another method: One large field snail, insert 3 fen of Shexiang (Musk), bury in open ground for seventy-seven days, then retrieve. Inspect and wipe the affected area, apply ink, then wash again. The areas where ink remains indicate the lesion openings; instill snail juice there. Cured in three to five applications.
Scrofula Ulceration: Burn field snails with flesh until carbonized (preserving properties), mix with Xiangyou (Sesame Oil), and apply. (*Jiyao Fang*)
Ding Chuang Evil Swelling: Insert Bingpian (Borneol) into field snails, dissolve into water, and instill onto the sore. (*Puji Fang*)
Feng Chong Xuan Chuang (Wind-Insect Tinea): Use ten river snails, one liang of Jinshupi (Hibiscus Tiliaceus Bark) powder, steam together in a bowl until cooked, mash, add San Qian Fenhong (Red Lead), mix with salt water, and apply. (Sun's method)
Rao Zhi Du Chuang (Poisonous Sore Around Fingers): Occurs on fingers of hands and feet. Use one live field snail, crush raw, bind to the affected area; heals immediately. (*Duoneng Bisshi*)
Du Jing Yin Chuang (Jealous Essence Genital Sore): Two large field snails, burn with shell until carbonized, grind together with Qingfen (Calomel), and apply. Effective. (*Yilin Jiyao*)
Shell
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, Neutral, Non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Indications] Burned and ground into powder: treats Shi Zhu (Infectious Consumption) causing heart and abdominal pain, and seminal emission. Soaked in water, the juice is drunk to stop diarrhea (*Mingyi Bielu*). Rotten shells burned and taken with water treat regurgitation and sudden heart pain (Chen Cangqi). Rotten shell ground into fine powder and taken orally stops lower bleeding. Treats infantile convulsions with phlegm, and pus from sores (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] Three new prescriptions.
Unstoppable Heart-Spleen Pain: Treated with Shuijia San. Use field snail shells (those from streams are also acceptable), layer them with pine wood chips, burn thoroughly, blow off pine ash, and grind the shells into powder. Mix with Wuchen Tang (Aucklandia and Cyperus Decoction) or Kuanzhong San (Broad-Middle Powder), take two qian. This is a miraculous non-transmitted prescription. (*Jiyao Fang*)
Infantile Scalp Sores: Burn field snail shells until carbonized, mix with Qingyou (Pure Sesame Oil), and sprinkle on the sore. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Infantile Acute Convulsion: Burn old white field snail shells into ash, add a small amount of Shexiang (Musk), mix with water, and administer. (*Puji Fang*)