（宋《图经》）
【集解】颂曰∶生兖州白羊山，春中掘地采之，以白莹者为良。又有黑羊石，生兖州宫
山之西，亦春中掘地采之，以黑色、有墙壁、光莹者为上。
【气味】淡，生凉、熟热，无毒。
【主治】解药毒。黑羊石同（苏颂）。
（《别录》下品）
【释名】黄牙石。时珍曰∶象形。
【集解】《别录》曰∶金牙生蜀郡，如金色者良。
弘景曰∶今出蜀汉，似粗金，大如棋子而方。又有铜牙亦相似，但外黑、内色小浅，不
入药用。
恭曰∶金牙离本处，入土水中，久皆黑色，不可谓之铜牙也。此出汉中金牙湍，湍两岸
石间打出者，内即金色，岸颓入水，久者皆黑。近南山溪谷、茂州、维州亦有，胜于汉中者。
颂曰∶今雍州亦有之。
时珍曰∶崔 《本草》云∶金牙石，阳石也。生川、陕山中，似蜜栗子，有金点形者妙。
《圣济经》治疠风大方中，用金牙石、银牙石。银牙，恐即金牙石之白色者尔，方书并无言
及者，姑阙。
【修治】大明曰∶入药烧赤，去粗乃用。
【气味】咸，平，无毒。大明曰∶甘，平。
【主治】鬼疰毒蛊诸疰（《别录》）。治一切冷风气，筋骨挛急，腰脚不遂，烧浸酒服（甄
权）。暖腰膝，补水脏，惊悸，小儿惊痫（大明）。
【发明】弘景曰∶金牙惟酒、散及五疰丸用之，余方少用。
颂曰∶葛洪《肘后方》，治风毒厥，有大小金牙酒，但浸其汁饮之。孙思邈《千金方》
∶治风毒及鬼疰、南方瘴气、传尸等，各有大小金牙散之类是也。小金牙酒主风疰百病，虚
劳湿冷，缓弱不仁，不能行步，近人用之多效，故着其法云。金牙、细辛、莽草、防风、地
肤子、地黄、附子、茵蓣、续断、蜀椒、蒴 根各四两，独活一斤。十二物，金牙捣末，
别盛练囊，余皆薄切，同入一大囊，以清酒四两渍之，密器泥口，四宿酒成。温服二合，日
二次取效。
（宋代《图经本草》）
【集解】苏颂说：白羊石产于兖州白羊山，在春季挖掘地面采集，以色泽洁白晶莹的为上品。又有黑羊石，产于兖州宫山西侧，也是在春季挖掘地面采集，以颜色黑、质地致密如墙壁、光泽晶莹的为优等。
【气味】味淡，生用时性凉，熟用时性热，无毒。
【主治】解除药物中毒。黑羊石功效相同（苏颂）。
（《名医别录》列为下品）
【释名】黄牙石。李时珍说：名称来源于其形状像牙齿。
【集解】《名医别录》说：金牙石产于蜀郡，颜色像黄金的为好。
陶弘景说：现在出产于蜀汉地区，质地像粗金，大小如棋子且呈方形。又有铜牙石也与此相似，但外表黑色、内部颜色稍浅，不入药使用。
甄权说：金牙石离开产地，埋入土中或水中，时间久了都会变成黑色，不能称之为铜牙石。这种金牙石出自汉中金牙湍，从湍流两岸的石缝中开采出来的，内部即刻呈现金色，若岸塌落入水中，年代久远的都变黑。近处的南山溪谷、茂州、维州也有出产，品质胜过汉中产的。
苏颂说：现在雍州也有出产。
李时珍说：崔昉《本草》记载：金牙石属于阳石。产于川、陕的山中，形状像蜜栗子，带有金色斑点的为妙。《圣济经》治疗疠风的大方中，使用了金牙石和银牙石。银牙石，恐怕就是金牙石中的白色品种罢了，方书中并没有提及，暂且存疑。
【修治】孟洗说：入药时需烧至通红，去除杂质后方可使用。
【气味】味咸，性平，无毒。孟洗说：味甘，性平。
【主治】治疗鬼疰、毒蛊及各类疰病（《名医别录》）。治疗各种冷风气引起的筋骨拘挛抽搐、腰脚麻木不遂，将药烧后浸泡酒中服用（甄权）。温暖腰膝，补益肾水脏，治疗惊悸，小儿惊痫（孟洗）。
【发明】陶弘景说：金牙石只用于酒剂、散剂及五疰丸中，其他方剂很少使用。
苏颂说：葛洪《肘后备急方》中，治疗风毒厥证，有大、小金牙酒，只需浸泡其汁液饮用即可。孙思邈《千金方》中：治疗风毒及鬼疰、南方瘴气、传尸劳等，各有大、小金牙散之类的方子。小金牙酒主治风疰百病，虚劳湿冷，肢体缓弱麻木，不能行走，近代人使用多有效，所以记录其方法如下：金牙石、细辛、莽草、防风、地肤子、地黄、附子、茵蓣、续断、蜀椒、蒴藋根各四两，独活一斤。共十二味药，将金牙石捣成粉末，另外装入丝织袋中，其余药材均切成薄片，一同放入一个大袋中，用清酒四两浸泡，密封容器口并用泥封口，经过四个夜晚酒即制成。每次温服二合，每日两次，可获疗效。
(Song Dynasty *Tu Jing Ben Cao*)
[Ji Jie (Collected Explanations)] Song said: It grows in Baiyang Mountain, Yanzhou. It is dug from the ground and collected in spring. The white and translucent ones are of superior quality. There is also Heiyangshi (Black Goat Stone), which grows west of Gongshan, Yanzhou. It is also dug from the ground and collected in spring. The black ones that are dense like walls and lustrous are considered the best.
[Qi Wei (Flavor and Nature)] Tasteless, cool when raw, hot when cooked, non-toxic.
[Zhu Zhi (Main Indications)] Resolves drug toxicity. Heiyangshi has the same effect (Su Song).
(*Mingyi Bie Lu*, Lower Grade)
[Shi Ming (Name Explanation)] Huangyashi (Yellow Tooth Stone). Shizhen said: Named for its shape resembling teeth.
[Ji Jie (Collected Explanations)] *Mingyi Bie Lu* states: Jinya shi (Golden Tooth Stone) is produced in Shujun; those resembling gold in color are good.
Hongjing said: It is now produced in Shu-Han regions. It resembles coarse gold, is square-shaped, and about the size of a chess piece. Tongya shi (Copper Tooth Stone) is similar but has a black exterior and a slightly lighter interior color; it is not used in medicine.
Gong said: When Jinya shi leaves its source and is buried in soil or water for a long time, it turns entirely black and should not be called Tongya shi. This type comes from the Jinya rapids in Hanzhong, extracted from between stones on both banks of the rapids. Its interior is golden immediately upon extraction. If the bank collapses into the water, older specimens turn black. Those found in nearby Nanshan valleys, Maozhou, and Weizhou are superior to those from Hanzhong.
Song said: It is also produced in Yongzhou nowadays.
Shizhen said: Cui's *Bencao* states: Jinya shi is a Yang stone. It grows in the mountains of Sichuan and Shaanxi. Those resembling honey chestnuts with golden spots are excellent. In the major prescription for treating Leprosy (*Li Feng*) in *Shengji Jing*, both Jinya shi and Yinya shi (Silver Tooth Stone) are used. Yinya shi is likely the white variety of Jinya shi, as no other medical texts mention it; this remains unresolved for now.
[Xiu Zhi (Processing)] Daming said: For medicinal use, it must be heated until red-hot, and impurities removed before use.
[Qi Wei (Flavor and Nature)] Salty, neutral, non-toxic. Daming said: Sweet, neutral.
[Zhu Zhi (Main Indications)] Treats Guizhu (Ghost Tethering), Du Gu (Poisonous Gu), and various Zhu diseases (*Mingyi Bie Lu*). Treats all types of cold wind qi causing muscle spasms and stiffness in tendons and bones, numbness and paralysis of the waist and legs. Heat the stone, soak it in wine, and drink (Zhen Quan). Warms the waist and knees, tonifies the Kidney Water organ, treats palpitations and infantile convulsions (Daming).
[Fa Ming (Elucidation)] Hongjing said: Jinya shi is only used in wine preparations, powders, and Wu Zhu Wan (Five Tethering Pills); it is rarely used in other prescriptions.
Song said: Ge Hong's *Zhouhou Beifang* (Emergency Prescriptions Kept Up the Sleeve), for treating Wind Toxicity and Jue syndrome, includes Da Jin Ya Jiu and Xiao Jin Ya Jiu (Large and Small Golden Tooth Wines); one simply soaks them to extract the juice and drinks it. Sun Simiao's *Qianjin Fang*: To treat Wind Toxicity, Guizhu, Southern Miasma, and Chuanshi (Transmitting Corpse/Lao disease), there are formulas such as Da Jin Ya San and Xiao Jin Ya San. Xiao Jin Ya Jiu mainly treats Fengzhu (Wind Tethering) and hundred diseases, deficiency-lao with damp-cold, weakness and insensitivity, inability to walk. Modern people find it effective, so its method is recorded here: Jinya shi, Xixin (Asarum Herba), Mangcao (Ranunculi Ternati Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Difuzi (Kochiae Fructus), Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), Yinyu (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Xuduan (Dipsaci Radix), Shujiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium), and Shuobi Gen (Pseudoginseng Root? Note: Text says 蒴藋根, likely Puerariae Radix or similar vine root, strictly transliterated as Shuobi Gen) each 4 liang, Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) 1 jin. Twelve ingredients. The Jinya shi is pounded into powder and placed separately in a silk bag. The rest are thinly sliced and put together into a large bag. Soak in 4 liang of clear wine. Seal the vessel mouth with mud. After four nights, the wine is ready. Take 2 ge of warm wine twice a day to achieve efficacy.