（《唐本草》）
【集解】恭曰∶白药子出原州。三月生苗，叶似苦苣。四月抽赤茎，长似壶卢蔓。六月
开白花。八月结子，亦名栝蒌。九月叶落枝折，采根洗切，日干，根皮黄色，名白药子。
颂曰∶今夔、施、合州、江西、岭南亦有之。江西出者，叶似乌 ，子如绿豆，至八月
变成赤色，治马热方用之。
根
【气味】辛，温，无毒。权曰∶苦，冷。
【主治】金疮生肌（《唐本》）。消肿毒喉痹，消痰止
嗽，治渴并吐血（大明）。治喉中热塞不通，咽中常痛肿（甄权）。
毒。
刀斧折伤，干末敷之，能止血、痛（马志）。散血降火，消痰解毒（时珍）。
【附方】旧三，新九。
天行热病∶白药为末，浆水一盏，冷调二钱服，仰卧少顷，心闷或腹鸣 痛，当吐利数
行。如不止，吃冷粥一碗止之。（崔元亮《海上方》）
心痛解热∶白药根、野猪尾（二味，洗去粗皮，焙干）等分。捣筛。酒服一钱。甚效。
黔人用
之。（苏颂《图经》）
为末），防风末三两。和匀。每茶服一钱。（《圣惠方》）
喉中热塞肿痛，散血消痰∶白药、朴硝等分。为末。吹之，日四、五次。（《直指方》）
咽喉肿痛∶白药末一两，龙脑一分，蜜和丸芡子大。每含咽一丸。（《圣惠方》）
吐血不止∶白药烧存性糯米饮服三钱。（《圣惠方》）
衄血不止∶红枣、白药各（烧存性）等分。为末。糯米饮服。或煎汤洗鼻，频频缩药令
入。（《经验良方》）
汤下。心
烦热，入砂糖少许。（《圣惠方
肝一具，批开掺末五钱，煮熟食之。（《直指方》）
小儿疳泻吐利∶方同上。
诸骨哽咽∶白药，煎米醋细咽。在上即吐出，在下即下出。（《普济方》）
痈肿不散∶生白药根捣贴，干则易之。无生者，研末水和贴。（《图经》）
【附录】陈家白药（《拾遗》）
藏器曰∶味苦，寒，无毒。主解诸药毒，水研服之。入腹与毒相攻，必吐出。未尽更
服。亦去心胸烦热，天行瘟瘴。出苍梧陈家，故有陈家之号。明山有之。蔓及根并似土瓜，
叶如钱，根似防己，紧小者良，人亦采食之。与婆罗门白药及赤药，功用并相似。
时珍曰∶按∶刘恂《岭表录》异云∶陈家白药善解毒，诸药皆不及之，救人甚多。封州、
康州有种之者。广府每岁充土贡。按∶此药当时充贡，今无复有。或有之，古今名谓不同耳。
甘家白药（《拾遗》）
藏器曰∶味苦，大寒，有小毒。解诸药毒，水研服，即吐出。未尽再吐。与陈家白药功
相似。二物性冷，与霍乱下利人相反。出龚州以南，生阴处，叶似车前，根如半夏，其汁饮
之如蜜。甘家亦因人而名。岭南多毒物，亦多解毒物，岂天资之乎？
（出自《唐本草》）
【集解】苏恭说：白药子产于原州。三月生苗，叶子像苦苣菜。四月抽出红色的茎，长度类似葫芦蔓。六月开白花。八月结籽，也叫栝蒌。九月叶子落下枝条折断，此时采挖根部，洗净切片，晒干。根皮呈黄色，称为白药子。
苏颂说：如今夔州、施州、合州、江西、岭南等地也有出产。江西产出的，叶子像乌头，种子像绿豆，到八月变成赤色，治疗马热的方剂中使用它。
【根】
【气味】辛味，温性，无毒。李权说：苦味，冷性。
【主治】金疮生肌（《唐本草》）。消除肿毒和喉痹，消除痰液并止咳，治疗口渴及吐血（《大明本草》）。治疗喉中热塞不通畅，咽喉经常疼痛肿胀（甄权）。[注：此处原文排版有误，“毒。”为前句残留或误植，结合上下文应为“消肿毒...”，故合并处理] 刀斧等折伤，将药研成干末敷在伤口上，能止血、止痛（马志）。散血降火，消痰解毒（李时珍）。
【附方】旧方三个，新方九个。
天行热病（流行性热病）：将白药研成粉末，用一盏浆水，冷调二钱服用。仰卧片刻后，若感到心闷或腹鸣作痛，应当呕吐腹泻数次。如果不止，吃一碗冷粥来止住。（崔元亮《海上方》）
心痛解热：白药根、野猪尾（两味药，洗净去掉粗皮，焙干），各取等分。捣碎过筛。用酒送服一钱。效果很好。黔地人使用此方。（苏颂《图经》）
[注：原文此处缺漏部分文字，根据《圣惠方》补全语境，通常指治风毒或类似病症，但依规则不增添内容，仅翻译可见部分] ...为末），防风末三两。混合均匀。每次用茶送服一钱。（《圣惠方》）
喉中热塞肿痛，散血消痰：白药、朴硝各取等分。研成粉末。吹入鼻中或咽喉，每日四至五次。（《直指方》）
咽喉肿痛：白药末一两，龙脑一分，用蜜调和制成如芡实大小的丸剂。每次含咽一丸。（《圣惠方》）
吐血不止：将白药烧至存性（保留药性），用糯米饮送服三钱。（《圣惠方》）
衄血不止（鼻出血）：红枣、白药各（烧至存性）等分。研成粉末。用糯米饮送服。或者煎汤清洗鼻腔，频繁地将药液吸入鼻中。（《经验良方》）
汤下。心烦热，加入少许砂糖。（《圣惠方》）
肝一具，剖开掺入五钱药末，煮熟后食用。（《直指方》）
诸骨哽咽（鱼刺卡喉）：白药，煎煮米醋细细咽下。卡在上面的就会吐出，卡在下面的就会排出。（《普济方》）
痈肿不散：生白药根捣烂外贴，干了就更换。没有生药的，研成粉末用水调匀外贴。（《图经》）
【附录】陈家白药（《拾遗》）
陈藏器说：味道苦，寒性，无毒。主要解除各种药物中毒，用水研磨后服用。进入腹部与毒物相攻，必定会呕吐出来。毒未尽则继续服用。也能去除心胸烦热，治疗流行性瘟疫瘴气。产于苍梧陈家，所以有陈家白药之名。明山也有出产。藤蔓和根部都像土瓜，叶子像铜钱，根部像防己，紧小者品质好，人们也采集食用。它与婆罗门白药及赤药，功效都相似。
李时珍说：查考刘恂《岭表录异》记载：陈家白药善于解毒，其他药物都比不上它，救活的人很多。封州、康州有人种植它。广府每年将其作为土贡进献。查考：此药当时作为贡品，现在已不再有了。即使有，也是古今名称不同罢了。
甘家白药（《拾遗》）
陈藏器说：味道苦，大寒性，有小毒。解除各种药物中毒，用水研磨服用，就会呕吐出来。毒未尽则再次呕吐。与陈家白药功效相似。这两味药性冷，与霍乱下利患者相反（即不宜用于此类患者）。产于龚州以南，生长在阴湿处，叶子像车前草，根部像半夏，其汁液饮用起来像蜜一样甜。甘家也是因为人名而得名。岭南多毒物，也多解毒物，这难道是天赋的吗？
(From *Tang Bencao*)
【Ji Jie (Collected Explanations)】 Su Gong stated: Bai Yao Zi originates from Yuan Zhou. In the third month, it produces seedlings; its leaves resemble those of *Lactuca serriola* (bitter lettuce). In the fourth month, it shoots red stems, long like gourd vines. In the sixth month, it blooms with white flowers. In the eighth month, it bears seeds, also known as Gua Lou (*Trichosanthes kirilowii*). In the ninth month, leaves fall and branches break; at this time, roots are harvested, washed, sliced, and sun-dried. The root bark is yellow, named Bai Yao Zi.
Su Song stated: Currently, it is also found in Kui Zhou, Shi Zhou, He Zhou, Jiang Xi, and Ling Nan. Those produced in Jiang Xi have leaves resembling *Aconitum carmichaelii* (Wu Tou), and seeds like mung beans, turning reddish by August; they are used in formulas treating horse fever.
【Root】
【Qi Wei (Odor and Flavor)】 Acrid, Warm, Non-toxic. Li Quan stated: Bitter, Cold.
【Zhu Zhi (Indications)】 Promotes flesh regeneration for traumatic injuries (from *Tang Bencao*). Reduces swelling and detoxifies throat bi (sore throat with obstruction), resolves phlegm and stops coughing, treats thirst and hematemesis (vomiting blood) (from *Da Ming Bencao*). Treats heat obstruction in the throat causing blockage, and frequent pain and swelling in the pharynx (Zhen Quan). [Note: Text fragment "Du" merged contextually]. For knife or axe injuries, apply dry powder topically to stop bleeding and relieve pain (Ma Zhi). Disperses blood, descends fire, resolves phlegm, and detoxifies (Shi Zhen).
【Fu Fang (Attached Prescriptions)】 Three old prescriptions, nine new ones.
Tian Xing Re Bing (Epidemic Heat Disease): Grind Bai Yao into powder. Mix two qian with one cup of Jiang Shui (fermented grain water) cold. Take orally. Lie supine for a short while; if heart palpitations or abdominal barking pain occur, vomiting and diarrhea will ensue several times. If it does not stop, eat one bowl of cold congee to arrest it. (Cui Yuanliang, *Hai Shang Fang*)
Xin Tong Jie Re (Heart Pain and Heat Relief): Equal parts Bai Yao Gen (Root of Ipomoea batatas var. alba) and Ye Zhu Wei (Wild Boar Tail). Wash away coarse skin, bake until dry. Pound and sieve. Take one qian with wine. Highly effective. Used by people in Qian region. (Su Song, *Tu Jing*)
[Text gap in source]: ...as powder, mix with three liang of Fang Feng powder evenly. Take one qian with tea. (*Sheng Hui Fang*)
Hou Zhong Re Sai Zhong Tong, San Xue Xiao Tan (Heat Obstruction and Swelling in Throat, Dispersing Blood and Resolving Phlegm): Equal parts Bai Yao and Po Xiao (Natrii Sulfas). Grind into powder. Snuff or insufflate into the nose/throat, four to five times daily. (*Zhi Zhi Fang*)
Yan Hou Zhong Tong (Sore Throat and Swelling): One liang of Bai Yao powder, one fen of Long Nao (Borneolum Syntheticum). Mix with honey to make pills the size of an Chinese quince seed. Hold one pill in the mouth and swallow slowly. (*Sheng Hui Fang*)
Tu Xue Bu Zhi (Unremitting Hematemesis): Burn Bai Yao to preserve its character (charcoalization). Take three qian with Mi Nai Yin (rice gruel liquid). (*Sheng Hui Fang*)
Nu Xue Bu Zhi (Unremitting Epistaxis): Equal parts Hong Zao (Red Date) and Bai Yao (both burned to preserve character). Grind into powder. Take with rice gruel liquid. Or decoct to wash the nose, frequently inhaling the medicine into the nasal cavity. (*Jing Yan Liang Fang*)
Down with soup. For mental restlessness and heat, add a little sugar. (*Sheng Hui Fang*)
One liver, split open, sprinkle with five qian of powder, cook thoroughly and eat. (*Zhi Zhi Fang*)
Xiao Er Gan Xie Tu Li (Pediatric Malnutrition Diarrhea and Vomiting): Same prescription as above.
Zhu Gu Yan Ge (Obstruction by Bones/Fishbones): Decoct Bai Yao in rice vinegar and swallow finely. If the bone is upper, it will be vomited out; if lower, it will pass out. (*Pu Ji Fang*)
Yong Zhong Bu San (Abscess Not Dissipating): Mash fresh Bai Yao Gen and apply externally. Change when dry. If fresh is unavailable, grind into powder, mix with water, and apply. (*Tu Jing*)
【Fu Lu (Appendix)】 Chen Jia Bai Yao (from *Shi Yi*)
Chen Cangqi stated: Bitter, Cold, Non-toxic. Primarily resolves various drug toxicities. Grind with water and ingest. Upon entering the abdomen, it attacks the toxin, inevitably inducing vomiting. If toxins remain, take again. It also removes mental restlessness and heat from the chest and heart, and treats epidemic pestilence and miasma. Originates from Chen family in Cang Wu, hence the name Chen Jia. Found on Ming Shan. Vines and roots resemble *Benincasa hispida* var. *chieh-cha* (Tu Gua); leaves like coins; roots resemble *Stephania tetrandra* (Fang Ji); tight and small ones are superior. People also harvest and eat them. Its functions are similar to Boluo Men Bai Yao and Chi Yao.
Shi Zhen stated: According to Liu Xun's *Ling Biao Lu Yi*: Chen Jia Bai Yao excels at resolving toxicity, surpassing all other drugs, saving many lives. Planted in Feng Zhou and Kang Zhou. Guang Fu offered it as local tribute annually. Investigation: This herb was once offered as tribute but is no longer available. If present now, it is merely due to different ancient and modern names.
Gan Jia Bai Yao (from *Shi Yi*)
Chen Cangqi stated: Bitter, Great Cold, Slightly toxic. Resolves various drug toxicities. Grind with water and ingest, inducing vomiting. If toxins remain, induces further vomiting. Functions similarly to Chen Jia Bai Yao. Both herbs are cold in nature, contraindicated for patients with Huo Luan (cholera-like syndrome) and diarrhea. Originates south of Gong Zhou, growing in shady places. Leaves resemble *Plantago asiatica* (Che Qian); roots resemble Pinellia ternata (Ban Xia); its juice tastes sweet like honey. Gan Jia is also named after a person. Ling Nan has many toxic substances and many detoxifying substances; is this innate endowment?