（《图经》）
【校正】原附雉条，今分出。
【释名】白 （音寒）、闲客。
时珍曰∶按∶张华云∶行止闲暇，故曰鹇。李 命为闲客，薛氏以为雉类，汪氏以为白
雉。按∶《尔雅》白雉名 ，南人呼闲字如寒，则鹇即 音之转也。当作白 ，如锦鸡谓之
文也。 者，羽美之貌。又《西京杂记》云∶南粤王献白鹇、黑鹇各一。盖雉亦有黑色者
，名鸬雉，彼通呼为 矣。
【集解】颂曰∶白鹇出江南，雉类也。白色，而背有细黑纹，可畜，彼人亦食之。
颖曰∶即白雉也。时珍曰∶鹇似山鸡而色白，有黑纹如涟漪，尾长三四尺，体备冠距，红颊
赤嘴丹爪，
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】补中解毒（汪颖）。
（《唐本草》）
【释名】越雉。
时珍曰∶按∶《禽经》云∶随阳，越雉也。飞必南翥。晋安曰∶怀南，江左曰逐影。张
华注云∶鹧鸪其名自呼，飞必南向。虽东西回翔，开翅之始，必先南翥。其志怀南，不徂北
也。
【集解】孔志约曰∶鹧鸪生江南。行似母鸡，鸣云“钩 格磔”者是。有鸟相似，不作
此鸣者，则非矣。颂曰∶今江西、闽广、蜀夔州郡皆有之。形似母鸡，头如鹑，臆前有白圆
点如真珠，背毛
时珍曰∶鹧鸪性畏霜露，早晚稀出，夜栖以木叶蔽身。多对啼，今俗谓其鸣曰“行不得
哥也”。其性好洁，猎人因以 竿粘之，或用媒诱取。南人专以炙食充庖，云肉白而脆，
味胜鸡、雉。
肉
【气味】甘，温，无毒。《日华》曰∶微毒。诜曰∶不可与竹笋同食，令人小腹胀。
自死者不可食。或言此鸟，天地之神每月取一只飨至尊，所以自死者不可食。
【主治】岭南野葛、菌子毒，生金毒，及温瘴久，欲死不可瘥者，合毛熬酒渍服之。或
生捣取汁服，最良（《唐本》）。酒服，主蛊气欲死（《日华》）。能补五脏，益心力聪明（孟
诜）。
【发明】时珍曰∶按∶《南唐书》云∶丞相冯延已，苦脑痛不已。太医吴廷绍曰∶公多
食山鸡、鹧鸪，其毒发也。投以甘豆汤而愈。此物多食乌头、半夏苗，故以此解其毒尔。又
《类说》云∶杨立之通判广州，归楚州。因多食鹧鸪，遂病咽喉间生痈，溃而脓血不止，寝
食俱废。医者束手。适杨吉老赴郡，邀诊之，曰∶但先啖生姜片一斤，乃可投药。初食觉甘
香，至半斤觉稍宽，尽一斤始觉辛辣，粥食入口，了无滞碍。此鸟好啖半夏，久而毒发耳，
故以姜制之也。观此二说，则鹧鸪多食，亦有微毒矣；而其功用又能解毒解蛊，功过不相掩
也。凡鸟兽自死者，皆有毒，不可食，为其受厉气也，何独鹧鸪即神取飨帝乎？鄙哉其言也！
脂膏
【主治】涂手皲瘃，令不龟裂（苏颂）。
竹鸡（《拾遗》）
【释名】山菌子（藏器）、鸡头鹘（《苏东坡集》）、泥滑滑。
时珍曰∶菌子，言味美如菌也。蜀人呼为鸡头鹘，南人呼为泥滑滑，因其声也。
【集解】藏器曰∶山菌子生江东山林间。状如小鸡，无尾。时珍曰∶竹鸡今江南、川、
广处处有之，多居竹林。形比鹧鸪差小，褐色多斑，赤纹。其性好啼，见其俦必斗。捕者以
媒诱其斗，因而网之。谚云∶家有竹鸡啼，白蚁化为泥。盖好食蚁也。亦辟壁虱。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
时珍曰∶按∶《唐小说》云∶崔魏公暴亡。太医梁新诊之，曰∶中食毒也。仆曰∶好食
竹鸡。新曰∶竹鸡多食半夏苗，盖其毒也。命捣生姜汁折齿灌之遂苏。则吴廷绍、杨吉老之
治鹧毒，盖祖乎此。
【主治】野鸡病，杀虫，煮炙食之（藏器）。
【附录】杉鸡 时珍曰∶按∶《临海异物志》云∶闽越有杉鸡，常居杉树下。头上有长
黄毛，冠颊正青色，如垂 。亦可食，如竹鸡。
（出自《图经本草》）
【校正】原附在雉类条目下，现将其分出。
【释名】白鹇（音同“寒”）、闲客。
李时珍说：据张华记载：它行走停歇从容不迫，所以叫作鹇。李昉给它命名为闲客，薛氏认为它是雉的同类，汪氏认为它是白色的雉。据《尔雅》记载，白色的雉名叫“𪁺”，南方人把“闲”字读得像“寒”，那么“鹇”就是“𪁺”音转而来的字。应当写作“白𪁺”，就像锦鸡被称为“文”一样。“𪁺”是羽毛美丽的样子。又据《西京杂记》记载：南粤王进献白鹇、黑鹇各一只。大概雉也有黑色的，名叫鸬雉，人们通称它们为𪁺。
【集解】苏颂说：白鹇产于江南，属于雉类。羽毛白色，背部有细密的黑色纹路，可以饲养，当地人也会食用它。
颖说：就是白雉。
李时珍说：鹇像山鸡但颜色洁白，有像涟漪一样的黑色纹路，尾巴长三四尺，身体具备鸡冠和距，脸颊红润，嘴巴赤红，爪子丹红，肉质……（原文此处似有缺漏或排版问题，依上下文补全语义：肉可食）。
（出自《唐本草》）
【释名】越雉。
李时珍说：据《禽经》记载：随阳鸟，就是越雉。飞行时必定向南飞。晋安地区的人说它怀恋南方，江左地区的人说它追逐影子。张华注释说：鹧鸪这个名字是它自呼的声音，飞行时必定向南。虽然东西回旋飞翔，但在展翅开始时，必定先向南飞。它的志向怀恋南方，不向北去。
【集解】孔志约说：鹧鸪生于江南。行走像母鸡，鸣叫声像“钩辀格磔”的就是。有鸟相似但不发出这种叫声的，就不是了。苏颂说：现在江西、闽广、蜀夔州郡都有。形状像母鸡，头像鹌鹑，胸前有像珍珠一样的白色圆点，背部的毛……（原文此处似有缺漏，依上下文补全语义：色泽美丽）。
李时珍说：鹧鸪性情畏惧霜露，早晚很少出来，晚上栖息时用树叶遮蔽身体。喜欢成对啼叫，现在俗话称它的叫声为“行不得也哥哥”。它生性爱干净，猎人因此用粘竿捕捉它，或者用媒鸟引诱捕捉。南方人专门烤着吃来充作菜肴，说肉质白而脆，味道胜过鸡和雉。肉质……
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。《日华子本草》说：微毒。孟诜说：不可与竹笋同食，令人小腹胀。自己死去的鸟不可食用。有人说这种鸟，天地之神每月取一只供奉至尊，所以自己死去的不可食用。
【主治】岭南地区的野葛毒、菌子毒，以及金疮出血引起的中毒，还有温疟日久，想要死去无法痊愈的情况，将羽毛炒酒后浸泡服用。或者生捣取汁服用，效果最好（《唐本草》）。用酒送服，主治蛊气导致想要死去的情况（《日华子本草》）。能补五脏，益心力，聪耳明目（孟诜）。
【发明】李时珍说：据《南唐书》记载：丞相冯延己，苦于脑痛不止。太医吴廷绍说：您多吃山鸡、鹧鸪，它们的毒性发作了。投以甘豆汤而痊愈。这种鸟多吃乌头、半夏的幼苗，所以用甘豆汤来解它的毒。又据《类说》记载：杨立之任广州通判，回楚州。因为多吃鹧鸪，于是病发咽喉间生痈，溃烂后脓血不止，寝食俱废。医生束手无策。恰逢杨吉老赴郡，邀请他诊治，他说：只要先吃一斤生姜片，然后才可以用药。刚开始吃觉得甘甜香美，吃到半斤觉得稍感宽舒，吃完一斤才觉得辛辣，喝粥进食，完全没有阻碍。这种鸟喜欢吃半夏，时间久了毒性发作罢了，所以用姜来制约它。看这两个说法，那么鹧鸪多吃，也有微毒；而它的功用又能解毒解蛊，功过不相掩蔽。凡是鸟兽自己死去的，都有毒，不可食用，因为它们受到厉气所致，为什么唯独鹧鸪说是神灵取用供奉天帝呢？这种说法真是浅陋啊！脂膏……
【主治】涂抹手部皲裂冻疮，使皮肤不龟裂（苏颂）。
竹鸡（出自《拾遗本草》）
【释名】山菌子（藏器）、鸡头鹘（《苏东坡集》）、泥滑滑。
李时珍说：菌子，是说味道美味像菌菇一样。蜀地人叫它鸡头鹘，南方人叫它泥滑滑，是因为它的声音。
【集解】藏器说：山菌子生长在江东的山林间。形状像小鸡，没有尾巴。
李时珍说：竹鸡现在江南、四川、广东到处都有，多居住在竹林中。体型比鹧鸪稍小，褐色多斑纹，带有红色条纹。它生性好啼叫，见到同类必定争斗。捕猎者用媒鸟引诱它们争斗，从而用网捕捉它们。谚语说：家里有竹鸡啼叫，白蚁化为泥土。因为它喜欢吃蚂蚁。也能驱避壁虱。肉质……
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
李时珍说：据《唐小说》记载：崔魏公突然死亡。太医梁新诊断说：这是中了食物毒。仆人回答说：喜欢吃竹鸡。梁新说：竹鸡多吃半夏苗，这就是它的毒性所在。命令捣碎生姜汁滴入牙齿间灌服，于是苏醒。那么吴廷绍、杨吉老治疗鹧鸪毒，大概是效法于此。
【主治】治疗野鸡病，杀虫，煮或烤着吃（藏器）。
【附录】杉鸡 李时珍说：据《临海异物志》记载：闽越有杉鸡，常居住在杉树下。头上有长长的黄毛，冠和脸颊正青色，像垂下的……也可以食用，像竹鸡一样。
(From *Tu Jing Ben Cao*)
[Correction] Originally attached to the entry for Pheasant, now separated.
[Names] Bai Xian (pronounced like "Han"), Xian Ke (Idle Guest).
Li Shizhen says: According to Zhang Hua: It walks and stops leisurely, hence called Xian. Li Fang named it Xian Ke. Xue believed it to be a type of Pheasant, while Wang believed it to be a white Pheasant. According to *Er Ya*, a white Pheasant is named "Zhu". Southerners pronounce "Xian" similarly to "Han", so "Xian" is a phonetic shift of "Zhu". It should be written as "Bai Zhu", just as the Golden Pheasant is called "Wen". "Zhu" refers to the beautiful appearance of feathers. Also, according to *Xi Jing Za Ji*: The King of Nanyue presented one white Xian and one black Xian. It seems there are also black Pheasants, named Lu Zhi, which people generally refer to as Zhu.
[Collected Explanations] Song says: Bai Xian is found in Jiangnan; it is a type of Pheasant. It is white with fine black patterns on its back. It can be domesticated, and locals also eat it.
Ying says: It is the white Pheasant.
Li Shizhen says: Xian resembles the Ring-necked Pheasant but is white, with black patterns like ripples. Its tail is three or four chi long. It has a comb and spurs, red cheeks, a crimson beak, and cinnabar-red claws. The meat...
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Tonifies the Middle Jiao and detoxifies (Wang Ying).
(From *Tang Ben Cao*)
[Name] Yue Zhi.
Li Shizhen says: According to *Qin Jing*: The bird that follows the sun is the Yue Zhi. It must fly south when taking flight. People in Jin'an say it cherishes the south; people in Jiangzuo say it chases shadows. Zhang Hua's annotation states: The name Zhegu is self-referential; it flies south. Although it may circle east or west, at the start of spreading its wings, it must first fly south. Its will is directed south, not north.
[Collected Explanations] Kong Zhiyue says: Zhegu lives in Jiangnan. It walks like a hen. Those that cry "Gou Zhou Ge Zhe" are the true ones. Birds that look similar but do not make this sound are not it. Song says: Now they are found in Jiangxi, Min-Guang, and Shu-Kuizhou prefectures. They resemble hens, have heads like quails, and white round spots like pearls on their chests, and the feathers on their backs...
Li Shizhen says: Zhegu fears frost and dew, rarely appearing early morning or late evening, and covers itself with leaves when roosting at night. They often call out in pairs. Currently, folk custom calls their cry "Xing Bu De Ye Ge Ge" (Cannot Go, Brother). They love cleanliness, so hunters catch them using sticky poles or lure them with decoy birds. Southerners roast them for food, saying the meat is white and crisp, tasting better than chicken or pheasant. The meat...
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, warm, non-toxic. *Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao* says: Slightly toxic. Meng Shen says: Do not eat with bamboo shoots, as it causes abdominal distension. Birds that die naturally should not be eaten. Some say this bird is taken monthly by the gods of heaven and earth to offer to the Supreme One, hence naturally dead ones should not be eaten.
[Indications] Treats wild gecko poison, mushroom poison, and toxicity from open wounds in Lingnan, as well as prolonged warm malaria where death seems imminent and incurable. Roast the feathers, soak in wine, and drink. Or crush fresh and take the juice; this is best (*Tang Ben Cao*). Taken with wine, it treats fatal Gu Qi poisoning (*Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao*). It tonifies the Five Zang organs, benefits heart and mind power, and improves hearing and vision (Meng Shen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen says: According to *Nan Tang Shu*: Chancellor Feng Yanji suffered from incessant headache. Imperial Physician Wu Tingshao said: You have eaten too much ring-necked pheasant and Zhegu; their toxicity has manifested. He prescribed Gandou Decoction, and he recovered. This bird eats Aconite and Pinellia seedlings, so this decoction resolves its toxicity. Also, according to *Lei Shuo*: Yang Lizhi, Vice Prefect of Guangzhou, returned to Chuzhou. Because he ate too much Zhegu, he developed an abscess in his throat, which ulcerated and bled pus continuously, preventing sleep and eating. Doctors were helpless. Fortunately, Yang Jilao arrived at the prefecture and was invited to diagnose. He said: First eat one jin of sliced ginger, then medication can be administered. Initially, it tasted sweet and fragrant; at half a jin, he felt slightly relieved; after finishing one jin, he felt the spiciness, and porridge entered smoothly without obstruction. This bird likes to eat Pinellia, and toxicity manifests over time, hence ginger is used to counteract it. Observing these two accounts, eating too much Zhegu does carry slight toxicity; yet its function can detoxify and resolve Gu Qi, so merits and faults do not cancel each other out. Any bird or beast that dies naturally is toxic and should not be eaten because it has received malignant qi. Why single out Zhegu as being taken by spirits to feast the Emperor? Such talk is vulgar! Fat...
[Indications] Apply to hand fissures and chilblains to prevent cracking (Su Song).
Bamboo Partridge (From *Shi Yi Ben Cao*)
[Names] Shan Jun Zi (Tsang Qi), Ji Tou Hu (*Su Dongpo Ji*), Ni Hua Hua.
Li Shizhen says: Jun Zi means the taste is delicious like mushrooms. People in Shu call it Ji Tou Hu; southerners call it Ni Hua Hua, due to its sound.
[Collected Explanations] Tsang Qi says: Shan Jun Zi grows in the mountains and forests of Jiangdong. It looks like a small chick and has no tail.
Li Shizhen says: Bamboo Partridge is now found everywhere in Jiangnan, Sichuan, and Guangdong, mostly inhabiting bamboo forests. It is slightly smaller than Zhegu, brown with many spots and red stripes. It loves to cry and fights whenever it sees its kind. Hunters use decoy birds to incite fighting, then net them. The proverb says: If there is a Bamboo Partridge crying at home, termites turn to mud. Because it likes to eat ants. It can also repel bedbugs. The meat...
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen says: According to *Tang Xiao Shuo*: Duke Cui died suddenly. Imperial Physician Liang Xin diagnosed: Food poisoning. The servant replied: He liked to eat Bamboo Partridge. Liang Xin said: Bamboo Partridge eats Pinellia seedlings; this is the toxicity. He ordered crushed ginger juice to be forced into the mouth through the teeth, and the patient revived. Thus, the treatments for Zhegu toxicity by Wu Tingshao and Yang Jilao seem to derive from this precedent.
[Indications] Treats pheasant disease, kills parasites; boil or roast and eat (Tsang Qi).
[Appendix] Cedar Chicken Li Shizhen says: According to *Lin Hai Yi Wu Zhi*: In Min-Yue, there is a Cedar Chicken, which dwells under cedar trees. It has long yellow hair on its head, a cyan crown and cheeks, resembling hanging... It is edible, like the Bamboo Partridge.