（《别录》上品）
【释名】九孔螺（《日华》），壳名千里光。
时珍曰∶决明、千里光，以功名也。九孔螺，以形名也。
【集解】弘景曰∶俗云是紫贝。人皆水渍，熨眼颇明。又云是鳆鱼甲。附石生，大者如
手，明耀五色，内亦含珠。
恭曰∶此是鳆鱼甲也。附石生，状如蛤，唯一片无对，七孔者良。今俗用紫贝，全非。
颂曰∶今岭南州郡及莱州海边皆有之，采无时，旧注或以为紫贝，或以为鳆鱼甲。按∶
紫贝即今砑螺，殊非此类。鳆鱼乃王莽所嗜者，一边着石，光明可爱，自是一种，与决明相
近也。决明壳大如手，小者如三两指大，可以浸水洗眼，七孔、九孔者良，十
人亦啖其肉。
宗 曰∶登、莱海边甚多。人采肉供馔，及干充苞苴。肉与壳两可用。
时珍曰∶石决明形长如小蚌而扁，外皮甚粗，细孔杂杂，内则光耀，背侧一行有孔如
穿成者。生于石崖之上，海人泅水，乘其不意，即易得之。否则紧粘难脱也。陶氏以为紫贝，
雷氏以为真珠母，杨 注《荀子》以为龟脚，皆非矣。惟鳆鱼是一种二类，故功用相同。吴
越人以糟决明、酒蛤蜊为美品者，即此。
【修治】 曰∶凡用以面裹煨熟，磨去粗皮，烂捣，再乳细如面，方堪入药。
曰∶每五两用盐半分，同东流水入瓷器内煮一伏时，捣末研粉。再用五花皮、地榆、
阿胶各十两，以东流水淘三度，日干，再研一万下，入药。服至十两，永不得食山桃，令人
丧目。
时珍曰∶今方家只以盐同东流水煮一伏时，研末水飞用。
壳
【气味】咸，平，无毒。保升曰∶寒。宗 曰∶肉与壳功同。
【主治】目障翳痛，青盲。久服，益精轻身（《别录》）。
热，青盲内障，骨蒸劳极（李 ）。
【附方】旧一，新五。
羞明怕日∶用千里光、黄菊花、甘草各一钱，水煎。冷服。（《明目集验方》）
痘后目翳∶用石决明（火 ，研）、谷精草各等分，共为细末。以猪肝蘸食。（《鸿飞集》）
小便五淋∶用石决明去粗皮，研为末，飞过。熟水服二钱，每日二服。如淋中有软硬
物，即加朽木末五分。（《胜金方》）
肝虚目翳∶凡气虚、血虚、肝虚，眼白俱赤，夜如鸡啄，生浮翳者。用海蚌壳（烧过成
灰）、木贼（焙）各等分为末。每服三钱，用姜、枣同水煎，和渣通口服。每日
验方》）
青盲雀目∶用石决明一两（烧过存性），外用苍术三两（去皮）。为末。每服三钱，以猪
肝批开，入药末在内扎定，砂罐煮熟，以气熏目。待冷，食肝饮汁。（《龙木论》）
解白酒酸∶用石决明（不拘多少）数个，以火炼过，研为细末。将酒荡热，以决明末搅
入酒内，盖住。一时取饮之，其味即不酸。
（收录于《神农本草经》上品）
【释名】九孔螺（出自《日华子本草》），其贝壳称为千里光。
李时珍说：决明、千里光，是根据功效命名的。九孔螺，是根据形态命名的。
【集解】陶弘景说：民间传说这是紫贝。人们都用水浸泡它，用来熨烫眼睛，视力会变得相当清晰。又有人说这是鳆鱼（鲍鱼）的甲壳。它附着在石头上生长，大的像手掌一样，色泽明亮闪耀着五色光芒，内部也含有珍珠。
苏恭说：这就是鳆鱼的甲壳。附着在石头上生长，形状像蛤蜊，只有一片没有对称的另一片，有七个孔的是佳品。现在民间使用的紫贝，完全不是这种。
苏颂说：现在岭南各州郡以及莱州海边都有出产，采集没有固定时间。旧注有的认为是紫贝，有的认为是鳆鱼甲。考察认为：紫贝就是现在的砑螺，绝对不是这一类。鳆鱼是王莽所喜爱的食物，一边贴着石头，光亮可爱，自是一种生物，与决明相近。决明的壳大如手掌，小的如两三根手指粗，可以浸泡后清洗眼睛，七孔、九孔的是佳品，十个人也可以食用它的肉。
寇宗奭说：登州、莱州海边非常多。人们采集它的肉供食用，并晒干作为礼品包装物。肉和壳两者都有用处。
李时珍说：石决明形状长像小蚌但扁平，外皮非常粗糙，细孔杂乱分布，内部则光泽耀眼，背部侧面有一行孔洞如同穿成的一样。生长在石崖之上，海人潜水，趁其不备，就容易得到。否则紧紧粘连难以脱落。陶弘景认为是紫贝，雷敩认为是真珠母，杨倞注释《荀子》认为是龟脚，都不对。只有鳆鱼是一种生物两种名称，所以功效相同。吴越地区的人用糟渍的决明、酒煮的蛤蜊作为美味佳肴，就是这个。
【修治】雷敩说：凡是使用，要用面粉包裹煨熟，磨去粗皮，捣烂，再研磨细腻如面粉，才适合入药。
张氏说：每五两用盐半分，同东流水放入瓷器内煮一个时辰，捣碎研粉。再用五花皮、地榆、阿胶各十两，用东流水淘洗三次，晒干，再研磨一万下，入药服用。服至十两，永远不能吃山桃，否则会使人失明。
李时珍说：现在方家只用盐同东流水煮一个时辰，研末水飞后使用。
壳
【气味】咸味，平性，无毒。保升说：寒性。寇宗奭说：肉与壳功效相同。
【主治】目障翳痛，青盲。长期服用，能益精轻身（出自《神农本草经》）。
李梴说：热症，青盲内障，骨蒸劳极。
【附方】旧方一个，新方五个。
羞明怕日（畏光）：用千里光、黄菊花、甘草各一钱，水煎。冷服。（《明目集验方》）
痘后目翳：用石决明（火煅，研）、谷精草各等分，共为细末。用猪肝蘸食。（《鸿飞集》）
小便五淋：用石决明去粗皮，研为末，水飞。熟水送服二钱，每日两次。如果淋证中有软硬异物，就加朽木末五分。（《胜金方》）
肝虚目翳：凡是气虚、血虚、肝虚，眼白全部发红，夜间感觉像鸡啄眼，生成浮翳的。用海蚌壳（烧过成灰）、木贼（焙干）各等分为末。每次服三钱，用姜、枣同水煎，连渣一起口服。每日一次。（《验方》）
青盲雀目（夜盲）：用石决明一两（烧过存性），外用苍术三两（去皮）。研为末。每次服三钱，将猪肝剖开，放入药末在内扎紧，砂罐煮熟，用热气熏眼。待冷却，吃肝喝汁。（《龙木论》）
解白酒酸：用石决明（不拘多少）数个，用火炼过，研为细末。将酒加热，用决明末搅入酒内，盖住。一时辰后取饮之，味道就不再酸了。
(Recorded in the Superior Class of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names] Nine-Hole Snail (*Ri Hua Ben Cao*), Shell named Qianliguang.
Li Shizhen stated: Jue Ming and Qianliguang are named after their efficacy. Nine-Hole Snail is named after its morphology.
[Collection and Explanation] Tao Hongjing said: Folklore claims it is Zi Bei (Purple Shell). People soak it in water and use it to compress the eyes, which significantly improves vision. It is also said to be the shell of the Abalone (Fou Yu). It grows attached to rocks; large specimens are as big as a hand, shining with five colors, and may contain pearls inside.
Su Gong said: This is indeed the shell of the Abalone. It grows attached to rocks, resembling a clam, consisting of a single unpaired valve. Those with seven holes are of good quality. The Zi Bei used in current practice is entirely different.
Su Song said: It is found in various prefectures in Lingnan and along the coast of Laizhou. It can be harvested at any time. Old annotations vary between identifying it as Zi Bei or Abalone shell. Upon examination: Zi Bei refers to the Ya Luo (polished snail) currently known, which is definitely not this category. The Abalone was a delicacy favored by Wang Mang; it adheres to one side of the rock, is bright and attractive, and is a distinct species similar to Jue Ming. The shell of Jue Ming is as large as a hand, with smaller ones being the size of two or three fingers. It can be soaked for washing the eyes; those with seven or nine holes are superior. Its meat is edible for humans.
Kou Zongshi said: It is abundant along the coasts of Dengzhou and Laizhou. People harvest its meat for food and dry it for packaging materials. Both the meat and the shell are useful.
Li Shizhen said: Shi Jue Ming has an elongated shape like a small mussel but is flattened. The outer skin is very rough with scattered fine pores, while the interior is lustrous. There is a row of holes on the dorsal side that appear perforated. It grows on rocky cliffs. Divers obtain it by surprise; otherwise, it adheres tightly and is difficult to detach. Tao Hongjing identified it as Zi Bei, Lei Xiao as Mother-of-Pearl, and Yang Xiu (commentator on *Xunzi*) as Turtle Foot; all were incorrect. Only the Abalone represents one organism with two names, hence identical functions. In Wu and Yue regions, pickled Jue Ming and wine-cooked Clam are considered delicacies, referring to this substance.
[Preparation] Lei Xiao said: For usage, wrap in flour and roast until cooked. Grind off the rough skin, pound thoroughly, and mill into a fine powder resembling flour before medicinal use.
Zhang Shi said: Take 5 liang of the material with 0.5 fen of salt, boil in flowing water from the east in a porcelain vessel for one shichen (2 hours). Pound and grind into powder. Then add 10 liang each of Wuhua Pi, Di Yu, and E-Jiao. Wash these three herbs three times with flowing water from the east, sun-dry, and grind ten thousand times before incorporating into medicine. After consuming up to 10 liang, one must never eat Mountain Peach (Prunus davidiana), as it causes blindness.
Li Shizhen said: Current practitioners only boil with salt and flowing water from the east for one shichen, then grind into powder and use wet-pulverization (shui fei).
Shell
[Flavor and Nature] Salty, Neutral, Non-toxic. Bao Sheng said: Cold. Kou Zongshi said: The meat and shell have the same function.
[Indications] Eyelid obstruction, pain from nebulae, Qing Mang (blindness). Long-term consumption benefits essence and lightens the body (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Li Chan said: Heat syndromes, internal cataracts in Qing Mang, bone-steaming consumptive fever.
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription, five new prescriptions.
Photophobia: Use Qianliguang, Yellow Chrysanthemum Flower, and Gan Cao (Licorice Root), each 1 qian. Decoct in water. Take cold (*Ming Mu Ji Yan Fang*).
Nebula after Smallpox: Use Shi Jue Ming (calcined and ground) and Gu Jing Cao (Cibotium Rhizome) in equal parts. Grind into fine powder. Dip pork liver in the powder and consume (*Hong Fei Ji*).
Five Types of Lin Syndrome (Dysuria): Remove the rough skin of Shi Jue Ming, grind into powder, and wet-pulverize. Take 2 qian with warm water, twice daily. If hard or soft objects are present in the urine, add 5 fen of Xiu Mu Mo (rotten wood powder) (*Sheng Jin Fang*).
Liver Deficiency Nebula: Applicable to Qi deficiency, Blood deficiency, and Liver deficiency presenting with red sclera, sensation of chicken-pecking at night, and floating nebulae. Use Hai Bang Ke (Seashell of Hainan Mussel, calcined to ash) and Mu Zei (Equisetum Hiemale, dried) in equal parts. Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with Ginger and Jujube in water, and swallow the dregs. Once daily (*Yan Fang*).
Qing Mang and Night Blindness: Use 1 liang of Shi Jue Ming (calcined to retain nature) and 3 liang of Cang Zhu (Atractylodes Rhizome, peeled). Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose. Slice open a pig liver, insert the powder, tie securely, and cook in a clay pot. Steam the eyes with the vapor. When cool, eat the liver and drink the broth (*Long Mu Lun*).
Neutralizing Sour White Wine: Use several pieces of Shi Jue Ming (quantity unspecified). Calcine over fire and grind into fine powder. Heat the wine, stir in the Shi Jue Ming powder, cover, and let stand for one shichen. Drink; the sour taste will disappear.