（林禽类一十七种）
（宋《嘉 》）
【释名】斑隹（音锥）、锦鸠（《范汪方》）、鹁鸠（《左传》注）、祝鸠。
时珍曰∶鸠也，鹁也，其声也。斑也，锦也，其色也。隹者，尾短之名也。古者庖人以
尸祝登尊俎，谓之祝鸠。此皆鸠之大而有斑者。其小而无斑者，曰隹，曰 （音葵），曰荆
鸠，曰楚鸠也。鸠之子曰 鸠，曰役鸠，曰糠鸠，曰郎皋，曰辟皋。扬雄《方言》混列诸鸠，
不足据。
【集解】禹锡曰∶斑鸠是处有之。春分化为黄褐侯，秋分化为斑KT 。黄褐侯，青
KT也。
宗 曰∶斑鸠有有斑者，有无斑者，有灰色者，有大者，有小者。虽有此数色，其用则
一也。尝养之数年，并不见春秋分变化。
时珍曰∶鸣鸠能化鹰，而斑鸠化黄褐侯之说，不知所出处。今鸠小而灰色，及大而斑如
梨花点者，并不善鸣。惟项下斑如真珠者，声大能鸣，可以作媒引鸠，入药尤良。鸠性悫
孝，而拙于为巢，才架数茎，往往堕卵。天将雨即逐其雌，霁则呼而反之。故曰鹪巧而危，
鸠拙而安。或云雄呼晴，雌呼雨。
鸠肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】明目。多食，益气，助阴阳（《嘉 》）。久病虚损人食之，补气（宗 ）。食之
，令人不噎（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶《范汪方》治目有斑KT 丸，《总录》治目有锦鸠丸，倪惟德氏谓
斑鸠补肾，故能明目。窃谓鸠能益气，则能明目矣，不独补肾已尔。古者仲春罗氏献鸠以养
国老，仲秋授年老者以鸠杖，云鸠性不噎，食之且复助气也。
血
【主治】热饮，解蛊毒，良（时珍）。
屎
【主治】治 耳出脓疼痛，及耳中生耵聍，同夜明沙末等分，吹之（时珍）。
（林禽类第十七种）
（宋代《嘉祐本草》）
【释名】斑隹（读音同“锥”）、锦鸠（出自《范汪方》）、鹁鸠（出自《左传》注）、祝鸠。
李时珍说：鸠，是形容它的叫声；鹁，也是形容它的叫声。斑、锦，是形容它的羽毛颜色。隹，是指尾巴短小的鸟类。古代厨师在祭祀时，将鸟尸陈列于祭器上，称为祝鸠。这些都是体型较大且有斑纹的鸠类。那些体型小且无斑纹的，叫做隹，叫做 （读音同“葵”），叫做荆鸠，叫做楚鸠。鸠的幼鸟叫做 鸠，叫做役鸠，叫做糠鸠，叫做郎皋，叫做辟皋。扬雄在《方言》中将各种鸠混在一起列举，不足为据。
【集解】苏颂说：斑鸠到处都有。春分时化为黄褐色的候鸟，秋分时化为斑 。黄褐色的是青 的一种。
苏颂又说：斑鸠有带斑纹的，有无斑纹的，有灰色的，有大的，有小的。虽然有这几种颜色，但药用功效是一样的。我曾经饲养它们几年，并没有看到它们在春秋分时节发生化生变化。
李时珍说：鸣鸠能化为鹰，而斑鸠化为黄褐侯的说法，不知道出处。现在体型小且呈灰色，以及体型大且斑点像梨花点的鸠，都不善鸣叫。只有颈部下方斑点像真珠那样的，声音洪亮善于鸣叫，可以作为诱饵来吸引其他鸠鸟，入药效果尤其好。鸠性情诚实孝顺，但不擅长筑巢，刚搭几根树枝，蛋往往就会掉落。天将要下雨时就追逐雌鸟，天晴了就呼唤它回来。所以说鹪鹩精巧却危险，斑鸠笨拙却安稳。有人说雄鸠呼晴，雌鸠呼雨。
鸠肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】明目。多吃可以益气，辅助阴阳平衡（出自《嘉祐本草》）。久病体虚的人食用它可以补气（出自苏颂）。食用后，使人不噎塞（出自李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：《范汪方》中治疗目生翳障的丸剂用锦鸠，《总录》中治疗目生锦斑的丸剂也用锦鸠，倪惟德认为斑鸠补肾，所以能明目。我私下认为鸠能益气，所以就能明目，不仅仅只是补肾罢了。古代在仲春时节，罗氏进献鸠鸟以供养国家老人，在仲秋时节赐予老年人鸠杖，说是因为鸠性不噎，食用它能帮助补气。
(Lesser Birds of the Forest, Seventeenth Species)
(Song Dynasty *Jiayou Bencao*)
[Names] Banzhui (pronounced like "Zhui"), Jinjiu (from *Fan Wang Fang*), Bojiu (commentary on *Zuo Zhuan*), Zhujiu.
Li Shizhen stated: "Jiu" and "Bo" describe its call. "Ban" and "Jin" describe its coloration. "Zhui" refers to birds with short tails. In ancient times, cooks presented bird carcasses on sacrificial vessels during rituals, calling them Zhujiu. These are all large species of dove/pigeon with spotted plumage. Those that are small and unspotted are called Zhui, [Name missing in text] (pronounced like "Kui"), Jingjiu, and Chujiu. The young of the jiu are called [Name missing], Yijiú, Kangjiu, Langgao, and Bigao. Yang Xiong's *Fangyan* mixes various doves indiscriminately, which is not reliable evidence.
[Collected Explanations] Su Song stated: Spotted doves are found everywhere. At the Spring Equinox, they transform into yellow-brown Hou birds; at the Autumn Equinox, they transform into spotted [Bird name missing]. Yellow-brown ones are a type of green [Bird name missing].
Su Song also stated: Spotted doves include those with spots, without spots, gray-colored, large, and small. Although there are these variations in color, their medicinal uses are identical. I raised them for several years and never observed any transformation during the Spring or Autumn Equinoxes.
Li Shizhen stated: The idea that the singing dove transforms into an eagle, and the spotted dove transforms into a yellow-brown Hou bird, has no known source. Currently, the small gray doves and the large doves with spots resembling pear blossoms do not sing well. Only those with pearl-like spots under the neck have loud voices and can sing well; they can be used as decoys to attract other doves, and are particularly good for medicinal use. Doves possess honest and filial natures but are clumsy at building nests; they barely arrange a few twigs before eggs often fall out. When rain is imminent, they chase away their females; when the weather clears, they call them back. Thus it is said: The Wren is clever but precarious; the Dove is clumsy but secure. Some say male doves predict clear weather, while females predict rain.
Dove Meat
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Improves vision. Consuming it in excess tonifies Qi and assists the balance of Yin and Yang (*Jiayou Bencao*). It tonifies Qi when eaten by patients suffering from chronic deficiency and damage (Su Song). Eating it prevents dysphagia (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: The *Fan Wang Fang* treats corneal opacities with a pill containing Jinjiu; the *Zonglu* treats spotted visual obstructions with a pill containing Jinjiu. Ni Weide claimed that spotted doves tonify the Kidney, thereby improving vision. I suspect that because doves tonify Qi, they improve vision, not merely through Kidney tonification alone. In ancient times, during the second month of spring, Luo officials presented doves to nourish elderly nobles; in the second month of autumn, they bestowed dove-shaped walking sticks upon the elderly, stating that because doves do not suffer from dysphagia, eating them aids Qi tonification.
Blood
[Indications] Taken hot, it resolves Gu poison effectively (Li Shizhen).
Feces
[Indications] Treats otorrhea with pain and cerumen accumulation in the ear. Mix equal parts with Ye Mingsha (Pharotis Illuminans Feces) powder and insufflate into the ear (Li Shizhen).