（《拾遗》）
【释名】鹌（一作 ）。 （音宁）、 （音如）、 。时珍曰∶ 不木处，可谓安宁自
如矣。
庄子所谓腾跃不过数仞，下翔蓬蒿之间者也。张华注《禽经》谓之篱 ，即此。鹌则 音之
转也。青州谓之 母，亦曰 雀。又
【集解】藏器曰∶ 是小鸟，鹑类也。一名 。郑玄注《礼记》雉、兔、鹑、 ，以
为。人多食之。时珍曰∶ ，候鸟也。常晨鸣如鸡，趋民收麦，行者以为候。《易通卦验》
云立春、雨水鹑鹌鸣是矣。鹌与鹑两物也，形状相似，俱黑色，但无斑者为鹌也。今人总以
鹌鹑名之。按∶《夏小正》云∶三月田鼠化为 ，八月 化为田鼠。注云∶鹌也。《尔雅》云∶
鹑子， ； 子， 。注云∶鹌，鹑属也。 ，鹌也。《礼记》云∶鹑羹， 酿之以蓼。注
云∶ 小，不可为羹，以酒蓼酿之，蒸煮食也。据数说，则鹑与鹌为两物明矣。因其俱在田
野，而形状仿佛，故不知别之。则夫鹑也，始由蛤蟆、海鱼所化，终即自卵生，故有斑而四
时常有焉； 也。始由鼠化，终复为鼠，故无斑，而夏有冬无焉。本原既殊，性疗当别，何
可混邪？
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】诸疮阴 。煮食去热（时珍）。
（音述。《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶鹬如鹑，色苍嘴长，在泥涂间作鹬鹬声，村民云田鸡所化，亦鹌鹑类
也。苏秦所谓“鹬蚌相持”者，即此。时珍曰∶《说文》云∶鹬知天将雨则鸣，故知天文者
冠鹬。今田野间有小鸟，未雨则啼
肉
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】补虚，甚暖人（藏器）。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】鹌（也写作“䳺”）。（“䳺”音同“宁”，“䳺”音同“如”，另有异体字）。李时珍说：“䳺”不栖息在树上，可以说是安宁自如了。这就是庄子所说的跳跃不过几丈高，只在蓬蒿之间飞翔的鸟。张华注释《禽经》称之为“篱䳺”，就是这种鸟。“鹌”是“䳺”音的转音。青州人称它为“䳺母”，也叫“䳺雀”。又……
【集解】藏器说：“䳺”是小鸟，属于鹑类。又名“䳺”。郑玄注释《礼记》中提到雉、兔、鹑、䳺，认为它们可以作为食物。人们经常食用它。李时珍说：“䳺”是候鸟。常在早晨像鸡一样鸣叫，催促百姓收割麦子，行人以此作为农时的标志。《易通卦验》说立春、雨水时节鹑和鹌鸣叫，就是这个道理。鹌和鹑是两种不同的鸟，形状相似，都是黑色的，但没有斑纹的是鹌。现在的人统称为鹌鹑。考据：《夏小正》说：“三月田鼠化为䳺，八月䳺化为田鼠。”注解说：“䳺就是鹌。”《尔雅》说：“鹑的子代叫䳺；䳺的子代叫鹑。”注解说：“鹌属于鹑类。䳺就是鹌。”《礼记》说：“用鹌肉做羹，用蓼草浸泡酿制。”注解说：“䳺体型小，不能单独做羹，是用酒和蓼草浸泡后，蒸煮食用的。”根据这些说法，那么鹑和鹌显然是两种不同的鸟。因为它们都在田野中生活，且形状相似，所以人们不知道区分它们。那鹑呢，起初由蛤蟆、海鱼变化而来，最终由卵生孵化，所以有斑纹且四季都有；而䳺（鹌）呢，起初由老鼠变化而来，最终又变回老鼠，所以没有斑纹，夏季有冬季无。本源既然不同，性味和治疗作用应当有别，怎么能混淆呢？
肉
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
（音“述”，出自《本草拾遗》）
【集解】藏器说：“鹬”像鹑鸟，颜色苍青，嘴长，在泥涂间发出“鹬鹬”的声音，村民说是田鸡所化，也属于鹌鹑一类。苏秦所说的“鹬蚌相持”的故事，指的就是这种鸟。李时珍说：《说文解字》说：“鹬知道天将下雨就会鸣叫，所以精通天文的人帽子装饰成鹬的形状。”如今田野间有一种小鸟，未下雨时就啼叫……
肉
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】补益虚损，非常温暖人体（藏器）。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
**[Names]** An (also written as "Zhu"). ("Zhu" pronounced like "Ning", another variant pronounced like "Ru", and yet another form). Li Shizhen said: "Zhu" does not perch on trees, which can be described as peaceful and at ease. This is what Zhuangzi referred to when he described a bird that leaps only a few zhang high and flies among the mugwort and weeds. Zhang Hua, in his commentary on *Qin Jing* (Classic of Birds), called it "Li Zhu", which is this species. "An" is a phonetic shift from "Zhu". In Qingzhou, it is called "Zhu Mu" or also "Zhu Que". Furthermore...
**[Collection and Explanation]** Zang Qi said: "Zhu" is a small bird belonging to the quail family. It is also named "Zhu". Zheng Xuan, in his commentary on *Liji* (Book of Rites), listed pheasant, rabbit, quail, and Zhu, considering them as food sources. People often consume them. Li Shizhen said: "Zhu" is a migratory bird. It often crows like a rooster in the morning, urging farmers to harvest wheat; travelers use its calls as an indicator of the agricultural season. *Yi Tong Gua Yan* states that during Lichun (Start of Spring) and Yushui (Rain Water), the quail and an call, which refers to this phenomenon. An and Qu are two different species, though they resemble each other and are both black; however, the one without spots is the An. Nowadays, people generally refer to them collectively as "Anchun" (Quail). According to research: *Xia Xiaozheng* states: "In the third month, field mice transform into Zhu; in the eighth month, Zhu transform back into field mice." The commentary notes: "Zhu is An." *Erya* states: "The offspring of Qu is Zhu; the offspring of Zhu is Qu." The commentary explains: "An belongs to the Qu category. Zhu is An." *Liji* states: "Make soup with An meat, marinated with smartweed." The commentary notes: "Zhu is small and cannot be made into soup alone; it is marinated with wine and smartweed, then steamed and cooked for consumption." Based on these texts, it is clear that Qu and An are two distinct species. Because they both inhabit fields and look similar, people fail to distinguish them. As for Qu, it originates from the transformation of toads and sea fish, eventually hatching from eggs; thus, it has spots and is present throughout the four seasons. As for Zhu (An), it originates from the transformation of mice and eventually returns to being a mouse; thus, it lacks spots and is present only in summer but absent in winter. Since their origins differ, their properties and therapeutic effects should also differ; how can they be confused?
**Meat**
**[Flavor and Nature]** Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
**[Indications]** Various sores and yin toxins. Boiling and eating it helps dispel heat (Li Shizhen).
(Pronounced "Shu", from *Bencao Shiyi*)
**[Collection and Explanation]** Zang Qi said: "Yu" resembles the quail, has a bluish-gray color and a long beak, making "yu-yu" sounds while in the mud. Villagers claim it is transformed from field frogs and also belong to the quail/an family. The story of "the snipe and the clam holding fast to each other," mentioned by Su Qin, refers to this bird. Li Shizhen said: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Yu cries when it knows rain is coming; therefore, those skilled in astronomy wear hats decorated with Yu feathers." Today, there is a small bird in the fields that cries before it rains...
**Meat**
**[Flavor and Nature]** Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
**[Indications]** Tonifies deficiency, greatly warming the human body (Zang Qi).