（《拾遗》）
【释名】枭鸱（音娇）、土枭（《尔雅》）、山 （晋灼）、鸡 （《十六国史》）、 （《汉
书》）、训狐
时珍曰∶ 、枭、训狐，其声也。 ，其色如服色也。俚人讹训狐为幸胡者，是也。鸱
与，二物也。周公合而咏之，后人遂以鸱 为一鸟，误矣。 字《韵书》无考，当作匈拥
切。 魂，流离，言其不祥也。吴球方作逐魂。枭长则食母，故古人夏至磔之，而其字从鸟
首在木上。
【集解】藏器曰∶ 即枭也，一名 ，吴人呼为 魂，恶声鸟也。贾谊云∶ 似 ，其
实一物也，入室主人当去。此鸟盛午不见物，夜则飞行，常入人家捕鼠食。《周礼》 蔟氏
掌覆夭
时珍曰∶ 、 、鸺 、枭，皆恶鸟也，说者往往混注。贾谊谓 似 ，藏器谓 与训
狐为二物，许慎、张华谓 、鸺 为一物，王逸谓 即训狐，陈正敏谓枭为伯劳，宗懔谓
土枭为鸲鹆，各执一说。今通考据，并咨询野人，则 、枭、 、训狐，一物也。鸺 ，一
物也。藏器所谓训狐之状者，鸺 也。 ，即今俗所呼幸胡者是也，处处山林时有之。少美
好而长丑恶，状如母鸡，有斑纹，头如鸲鹆，目如猫目，其名自呼，好食桑椹。古人多食之，
故《礼》云，不食 胖，谓胁侧薄弱也。《庄子》云∶见弹而求 炙。《前凉录》云∶张天锡
言，北方美物，桑椹甘香，鸡 革飨。皆指此物也。按《巴蜀异物志》云∶ 如小鸡，体有
文色，土俗因名之。不能远飞，行不出域。盛弘之《荆州记》云∶巫县有鸟如雌鸡，其名为
。楚人谓之 。陆玑《诗疏》云∶ 大如
美，可为羹 、炙食。刘恂《岭表录异》云∶北方枭鸣，人以为怪。南中昼夜飞鸣，与乌、
鹊无异。桂林人家家罗取，使捕鼠，以为胜狸也。合诸说观之，则 、 、训狐之为一物明
矣。又按郭义恭《广志》云∶ ，楚鸠所生也，不能滋乳，如骡、KT 焉。然枭长则食
母，是自能孳乳矣，抑所食者即鸠耶？《淮南万毕术》云∶甑瓦投之，能止枭鸣。性相胜也。
肉
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】鼠 ，炙食之（藏器）。
【附方】新二。
风痫∶考《宝鉴》第九卷名神应丹。惺神散，（《医方大成》下
噎食∶取 鸟未生毛者一对，用黄泥固济， 存性为末。每服一匙，以温酒服。（《寿
域神方》）
头
【主治】痘疮黑陷。用腊月者一二枚，烧灰，酒服之，当起（时珍。出云歧子《保命集》）。
目
【主治】吞之，令人夜见鬼物（藏器）。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】枭鸱（读音同“娇”）、土枭（见《尔雅》）、山䳺（晋灼注）、鸡䳺（见《十六国史》）、䳺（见《汉书》）、训狐。
李时珍说：“䳺、枭、训狐，是形容它们的声音；䳺，是指它的颜色像丧服的颜色。民间讹传将‘训狐’读作‘幸胡’，这是正确的。鸱和䳺是两种不同的鸟。周公将它们合在一起吟咏，后人便误以为鸱和䳺是同一种鸟，这是错误的。‘䳺’字在韵书中没有考证，应当读作‘匈拥切’。‘䳺魂’、‘流离’，是说它是不祥之鸟。吴球的方剂中称为‘逐魂’。枭长大后就会吃自己的母亲，所以古人在夏至日进行磔祭（分裂肢体以祭祀）来驱除它，而‘枭’这个字的字形就是鸟头在木头上。”
【集解】藏器说：“䳺就是枭，又名䳺，吴地人称之为‘䳺魂’，是一种叫声令人厌恶的鸟。贾谊说：‘䳺似鸮，其实是一物，进入屋内主人家应当离去。’这种鸟在正午时分看不见东西，夜晚则飞行，经常进入人家捕捉老鼠吃。《周礼》中蔟氏掌管覆盖夭折者的尸体……”
李时珍说：“䳺、䲭、鸺鹠、枭，都是恶鸟，注释者往往混淆。贾谊认为䳺类似鸮，藏器认为䳺与训狐是两种不同的鸟，许慎、张华认为䳺、鸺鹠是同一种鸟，王逸认为䳺就是训狐，陈正敏认为枭是伯劳，宗懔认为土枭是八哥，各执一词。现在综合考证并咨询山野之人，则䳺、枭、䲭、训狐，是同一种鸟。鸺鹠，是另一种鸟。藏器所说的训狐的样子，指的是鸺鹠。䳺，就是当今俗话所称的‘幸胡’，各地的山林中时常有。幼小时美好而长大后丑恶，形状像母鸡，身上有斑纹，头像八哥，眼睛像猫眼，名字是自己叫出来的，喜欢吃桑葚。古人多吃它，所以《礼记》说，不吃‘䳺胖’，指的是胁侧肉薄弱。《庄子》说：‘看见弹丸就求烤䳺肉吃。’《前凉录》说：张天锡言，北方的美味，桑葚甘甜香美，用鸡䳺皮招待宾客。都是指这种鸟。按《巴蜀异物志》说：‘䳺像小鸡，身体有花纹，当地百姓因此叫它䳺。’不能远飞，行走不出区域。盛弘之《荆州记》说：巫县有一种鸟像雌鸡，名字叫䳺。楚地人叫它䳺。陆玑《毛诗草木鸟兽虫鱼疏》说：‘䳺大如黄雀，可以做羹汤、烤肉吃。’刘恂《岭表录异》说：北方枭鸣叫，人们觉得奇怪。南方昼夜飞鸣，与乌鸦、喜鹊无异。桂林人家家罗网捕捉，让它捕鼠，认为胜过狸猫。综合各种说法来看，䳺、䲭、训狐是同一种鸟是很明显的了。又按郭义恭《广志》说：‘䳺是楚鸠所生，不能孵化哺育，就像骡子一样（无生育能力）。’然而枭长大后却吃母亲，这说明它能自己繁殖哺育，或许它吃的就是鸠呢？《淮南万毕术》说：‘将甑瓦投掷过去，能止住枭的鸣叫。这是天性相克。’”
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【附方】新收录二方。
风痫：参考《宝鉴》第九卷名为神应丹。惺神散。（出自《医方大成》下卷）
噎食：取未长毛的䳺鸟一对，用黄泥密封固定，煅烧存性后研为末。每次服用一匙，用温酒送服。（出自《寿域神方》）
头
【主治】治疗痘疮黑陷。用腊月采集的一二枚，烧成灰，用酒送服，应当能起效（李时珍。出自云歧子《保命集》）。
目
【主治】吞服，让人夜间能见到鬼怪之物（藏器）。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
**[Names]** Xiaoqi (pronounced like "jiao"), Tuxiao (see *Erya*), Shanhou (Jin Zhuo's annotation), Jiyou (see *Sixteen Kingdoms History*), You (see *Book of Han*), Xunhu.
Li Shizhen stated: "You, xiao, and xunhu refer to their sounds; you refers to its color resembling mourning clothes. The folk misinterpretation of 'xunhu' as 'xinghu' is correct. Chi and you are two different birds. The Duke of Zhou chanted them together, leading later generations to mistakenly believe chi and you were the same bird, which is an error. The character 'you' cannot be verified in rhyme books; it should be pronounced with the cut 'xiōng yōng'. 'Youhun' and 'liuli' signify that it is an inauspicious bird. Wu Qiu's prescription calls it 'Zhuhun' (Soul-Chasing). When a xiao grows up, it eats its mother; therefore, ancients performed zhe sacrifice (dismemberment for ritual) on the Summer Solstice to drive it away, and the character 'xiao' depicts a bird head on a tree."
**[Collected Explanations]** Zang Qi said: "You is the xiao, also named you. People in Wu call it 'Youhun'; it is a bird with an unpleasant cry. Jia Yi said: 'You resembles xiao; in fact, they are one thing. If it enters the master's room, it should leave.' This bird cannot see objects at noon but flies at night, often entering houses to catch and eat mice. In the *Rites of Zhou*, the Cu Shi (Official in charge of covering corpses) was responsible for covering..."
Li Shizhen said: "You, chou, xiuliu, and xiao are all malevolent birds, and commentators often confuse their annotations. Jia Yi claimed you resembles xiao; Zang Qi argued you and xunhu are two different species; Xu Shen and Zhang Hua considered you and xiuliu to be the same; Wang Yi stated you is xunhu; Chen Zhengmin identified xiao as the shrike (bolao); Zong Lin claimed tuxiao is the myna. Each held a differing view. Through comprehensive verification and consultation with rural people, I conclude that you, xiao, chou, and xunhu are one and the same species. Xiuliu is a separate species. The description of xunhu provided by Zang Qi actually refers to xiuliu. You is what is commonly called 'xinghu' today, found occasionally in forests and mountains everywhere. It is beautiful when young but ugly when old. Its shape resembles a hen, with mottled patterns, a head like a myna, and eyes like a cat's. It names itself and loves eating mulberries. Ancients ate it frequently; thus, the *Book of Rites* states, 'Do not eat you pang,' referring to the thin flesh on the side ribs. The *Zhuangzi* says, 'Seeing a pellet, seek roasted you meat.' The *Former Liang Record* states: Zhang Tianxi said, 'Northern delicacies include sweet and fragrant mulberries and chicken-you skin banquets.' All refer to this bird. According to the *Ba-Shu Yiwuzhi*: 'You resembles a chick, has patterned body colors, and locals name it accordingly.' It cannot fly far and walks within limited areas. Sheng Hongzhi's *Records of Jingzhou* mentions: 'In Wuxian County, there is a bird like a female hen, named you. Chu people call it you.' Lu Ji's *Commentary on the Classic of Poetry* states: 'You is as large as a yellow finch, suitable for making soup or roasting.' Liu Xun's *Lingbiao Luyi* notes: 'In the north, xiao cries are considered strange. In the south, they fly and cry day and night, indistinguishable from crows and magpies. People in Guilin capture them with nets to hunt mice, considering them superior to wildcats.' Synthesizing these accounts, it is clear that you, chou, and xunhu are the same species. Furthermore, Guo Yigong's *Guangzhi* states: 'You is born from the Chu dove and cannot incubate or nurse, similar to a mule (sterile).' However, since the xiao eats its mother upon maturity, it implies self-reproduction; perhaps what it eats is the dove? The *Huainan Wanbi Shu* states: 'Throwing steamer tiles can stop the xiao's crying. This is due to natural antagonism.'"
**[Properties and Flavor]** Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
**[Indications]** Treats rat fistula (lymphatic tuberculosis/scrofula); roast and consume (Zang Qi).
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Two new prescriptions.
Wind Epilepsy: Refer to Volume 9 of *Baojian*, named Shenyang Dan. Xingshen San (from *Yifang Dacheng*, lower volume).
Dysphagia (Choking food): Take one pair of featherless you birds, seal firmly with yellow clay, calcine to preserve nature, and grind into powder. Take one spoonful per dose, administered with warm wine (from *Shouyu Shenfang*).
Head
**[Indications]** Treats black depression of smallpox lesions. Use one or two pieces collected in the twelfth lunar month, burn to ash, and take with wine; recovery is expected (Li Shizhen. From Yun Qizi's *Baoming Ji*).
Eye
**[Indications]** Swallow whole, enabling one to see ghosts and spirits at night (Zang Qi).