（《本经》中品）
【校正】自木部移入此。
【释名】凌霄（苏恭）、陵苕（《别录》）、陵时（郭璞）、女葳（甄权）、茇华（《别录》）、
武威（《吴普》）、瞿陵（《吴普》）、鬼目
时珍曰∶俗谓赤艳曰紫葳葳，此花赤艳，故名。附木而上，高数丈，故曰凌霄。
【正误】弘景曰∶是瞿麦根，方用至少。《博物志》云∶郝晦行太行山北，得紫葳华。
必当奇异，今瞿麦处处有之，不应乃在太行山。
恭曰∶紫葳、瞿麦皆《本经》药，体性既乖，生处亦不相关。《尔雅》云∶苕，一名陵
苕。
郭璞注云∶一名陵时。又名凌霄，此为真也。
颂曰∶孔颖达《诗疏》亦云∶苕，一名陵时。今本草无陵时之名，惟鼠尾草有之
。岂所传不同，抑陶、苏之误耶？
时珍曰∶按吴氏《本草》∶紫葳，一名瞿陵。陶弘景误作瞿麦字尔。鼠尾止名陵翘，无
陵时，苏颂亦误矣。并正之。
【集解】《别录》曰∶紫葳生西海川谷及山阳。
恭曰∶此凌霄花也。连茎叶用。《诗》云∶有苕之华，云其黄矣。《尔雅》云∶陵苕∶黄
华， ，白华茇。山中亦有白花者。
颂曰∶今处处皆有，多生山中，人家园圃亦或栽之。初作蔓生，依大木，久延至巅。
其花黄赤，夏中乃盛。今医家多采花干之，入女科药用。
时珍曰∶凌霄野生，蔓才数尺，得木而上，即高数丈，年久者藤大如杯。春初生枝，一
枝数叶，尖长有齿，深青色。自夏至秋开花，一枝十余朵，大如牵牛花，而头开五瓣，赭黄
色，有细点，秋深更赤。八月结荚如豆荚，长三寸许，其子轻薄如榆仁、马兜铃仁。其根长
亦如兜铃根状，秋后采之，阴干。
花（根同）
【气味】酸，微寒，无毒。普曰∶神农、雷公、岐伯∶辛；扁鹊∶苦、咸；黄帝∶甘，
无毒。
权曰∶畏卤碱。
时珍曰∶花不可近鼻闻，伤脑。花上露入目，令人昏蒙。
【主治】妇人产乳余疾，崩中，症瘕血闭，寒热羸瘦，养胎（《本经》）。产后奔血不定，
淋沥，主热风风痫，大小便不利，肠中结实（甄权）。酒渣热毒风刺风，妇人血膈游风，崩
中带下（大明）。
茎叶
【气味】苦，平，无毒。
【主治】痿 ，益气（《别录》）。热风身痒，游风风疹，瘀血带下。花及根功同（大明）。
治喉痹热
【发明】时珍曰∶凌霄花及根，甘酸而寒，茎叶带苦，手足厥阴经药也。行血分，能去
血中伏火。故主产乳崩漏诸疾，及血热生风之证也。
【附方】旧一，新十三。
妇人血崩∶凌霄花为末。每酒服二钱，后服四物汤。（《丹溪纂要》）
粪后下血∶凌霄花浸酒频饮之。（《普济方》）
消渴饮水∶凌霄花一两，捣碎，水一盏半，煎一盏，分二服。（《圣济录》）
日内，
小儿无故口青不饮乳∶用凌霄花、大蓝叶、芒硝、大黄等分，为末，以羊髓和丸梧子大。每
研一丸，以乳送下，便可吃乳。热者可服，寒者勿服。昔有人休官后云游湖湘，修合此方，
救危甚多。（《普济方》）
久近风痫∶凌霄花或根叶为末。每服三钱，温酒下。服毕，解发不住手梳，口噙冷水，
温则
通身风痒∶凌霄花为末，酒服一钱。（《医学正传》）
大风疠疾∶《洁古家珍》∶用凌霄花五钱，地龙（焙）、僵蚕（炒）、全蝎（炒）各七个，
为末。
每服二钱，温酒下。先以药汤浴过，服此出臭汗为效。《儒门事亲》∶加蝉蜕。五品各九个
，作一服。
鼻上酒渣∶王 《百一选方》∶用凌霄花、山栀子等分，为末。每茶服二
数日
除根。临川曾子仁用之有效。《杨氏家藏方》∶用凌霄花半两，硫黄一两，胡桃四个，腻粉一
钱，研膏，生绢包揩。
发歇不定，田野名悲羊疮∶用凌霄花并叶煎汤，日日洗之。（杨仁斋《直指方》）。
妇人阴疮∶紫葳为末，用鲤鱼脑或胆调搽。（《摘玄方》）
耳卒聋闭∶凌霄叶。杵取自然汁，滴之。（《斗门方》）
女经不行∶凌霄花为末。每服二钱，食前温酒下。（《徐氏胎产方》）
【附录】骨路支（拾遗）。《藏器》曰∶味辛，平，无毒。主上气浮肿，水气呕逆，妇人
崩中，余血症瘕，杀三虫。生昆仑国。苗似凌霄藤，根如青木香。越南亦有。一名飞藤。
（《神农本草经》列为中品）
【校正】从木部移入此部。
【释名】凌霄（苏恭）、陵苕（《名医别录》）、陵时（郭璞）、女葳（甄权）、茇华（《名医别录》）、武威（《吴普本草》）、瞿陵（《吴普本草》）、鬼目
李时珍说：俗话称红艳为“紫葳葳”，这种花颜色红艳，所以得名。它附着树木向上生长，高达数丈，所以叫凌霄。
【正误】陶弘景说：这是瞿麦的根，方剂中用得很少。《博物志》记载：郝晦在太行山北面行走，得到了紫葳的花。一定很奇异，现在瞿麦到处都有，不应该只在太行山有。
苏恭说：紫葳、瞿麦都是《神农本草经》中的药物，体性和药性既然不同，生长地方也不相关。《尔雅》说：苕，一名陵苕。
郭璞注释说：一名陵时。又名凌霄，这才是真的。
苏颂说：孔颖达《诗经疏》也说：苕，一名陵时。现在本草中没有陵时的名字，只有鼠尾草有这个名称。难道是流传的不同，还是陶弘景、苏颂的错误呢？
李时珍说：查考吴氏《本草》：紫葳，一名瞿陵。陶弘景误写成了瞿麦字。鼠尾草只名叫陵翘，没有陵时，苏颂也错了。一并纠正。
【集解】《名医别录》说：紫葳生长在西海川谷及山的南面。
苏恭说：这就是凌霄花。连茎叶一起使用。《诗经》说：有苕之花，说是黄色的了。《尔雅》说：陵苕：黄花，白花叫茇。山中也有白色的花。
苏颂说：现在到处都有，多生长在山中，人家园圃中也有的栽种。起初作为蔓生植物，依靠大树，长久延伸到达树顶。它的花是黄红色，夏天才盛开。现在医家多采集花朵晒干，用于妇科药用。
李时珍说：凌霄野生，藤蔓才几尺长，得到树木向上攀爬，就高达数丈，年代久远的藤大如杯口。春天初生枝条，一枝上有几片叶子，尖长有锯齿，深青色。从夏至秋开花，一枝十余朵，大如牵牛花，而头部开放五瓣，赭黄色，有细点，深秋更红。八月结荚如豆荚，长约三寸左右，种子轻薄如榆仁、马兜铃仁。它的根长也像兜铃根的形状，秋后采收，阴干。
花（根同用）
【气味】酸，微寒，无毒。吴普说：神农、雷公、岐伯认为辛；扁鹊认为苦、咸；黄帝认为甘，无毒。
甄权说：畏卤碱。
李时珍说：花不可靠近鼻子闻，伤脑。花上的露水进入眼睛，令人昏蒙。
【主治】妇女产后余疾，崩中（非经期大量出血），症瘕血闭（腹内肿块及经血闭塞），寒热羸瘦（怕冷发热、身体消瘦），养胎（《神农本草经》）。产后奔血不止，淋沥不尽，主治热风风痫（由热风引起的癫痫），大小便不利，肠中结实（甄权）。酒渣鼻热毒风刺风，妇人血膈游风，崩中带下（寇宗奭）。
茎叶
【气味】苦，平，无毒。
【主治】痿证，益气（《名医别录》）。热风身痒，游风风疹，瘀血带下。花及根功效相同（寇宗奭）。治喉痹热。
【发明】李时珍说：凌霄花及根，甘酸而寒，茎叶带苦，是手足厥阴经的药物。行血分，能去除血中伏火。所以主治产乳崩漏各种疾病，以及血热生风的证候。
【附方】旧方一个，新方十三个。
妇人血崩：凌霄花研为末。每次用酒送服二钱，之后服用四物汤。（《丹溪纂要》）
大便后下血：凌霄花浸酒频繁饮用。（《普济方》）
消渴饮水：凌霄花一两，捣碎，水一盏半，煎至一盏，分两次服用。（《圣济录》）
小儿无故口唇发青不吸吮乳汁：用凌霄花、大蓝叶、芒硝、大黄等量，研为末，用羊髓和丸如梧子大。每次取一丸研碎，用乳汁送下，就可以吃奶了。热证者可服，寒证者勿服。过去有人辞官后云游湖湘地区，配制此方，挽救危重病人很多。（《普济方》）
久近风痫：凌霄花或根叶研为末。每次服用三钱，温酒送下。服完后，解开头发不停地梳头，口中含冷水，变温则止。
通身风痒：凌霄花研为末，酒服一钱。（《医学正传》）
大风疠疾（麻风病）：《洁古家珍》：用凌霄花五钱，地龙（焙干）、僵蚕（炒）、全蝎（炒）各七个，研为末。每次服用二钱，温酒送下。先用药汤洗浴过，服用此药出臭汗为有效。《儒门事亲》：加蝉蜕。五味药各九个，作一次服用。
鼻上酒渣：王璆《百一选方》：用凌霄花、山栀子等量，研为末。每次茶服二钱，数日除根。临川曾子仁使用有效。《杨氏家藏方》：用凌霄花半两，硫黄一两，胡桃四个，腻粉一钱，研膏，用生绢包裹擦拭。
发作不定，田野名叫悲羊疮：用凌霄花并叶煎汤，每天清洗。（杨仁斋《直指方》）。
妇人阴疮：紫葳研为末，用鲤鱼脑或胆汁调匀搽涂。（《摘玄方》）
耳卒聋闭：凌霄叶。捣取自然汁，滴入耳中。（《斗门方》）
女经不行：凌霄花研为末。每次服用二钱，食前温酒送下。（《徐氏胎产方》）
【附录】骨路支（拾遗）。《藏器》说：味辛，平，无毒。主治上气浮肿，水气呕逆，妇人崩中，余血症瘕，杀三虫。生长在昆仑国。苗像凌霄藤，根像青木香。越南也有。一名飞藤。
(Middle Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Correction] Transferred from the Wood Section to this section.
[Names] Lingxiao (Su Gong), Lingtiao (*Bielu*), Lingshi (Guo Pu), Nüwei (Zhen Quan), Bahu (*Bielu*), Wuwei (*Wu Pu*), Quling (*Wu Pu*), Gui Mu.
Li Shizhen says: The common people call red and brilliant "Ziweiwei"; since this flower is red and brilliant, it is named so. It attaches to wood and climbs upward, reaching heights of several zhang, hence called Lingxiao (Climbing High).
[Correction of Errors] Tao Hongjing said: This is the root of Dianthus superbus (Qumai), used rarely in prescriptions. *Bowuzhi* states: Hao Hui walked north of the Taihang Mountains and obtained flowers of Campsis grandiflora (Ziwei). They must be rare; now Dianthus superbus is found everywhere, so it should not be only in the Taihang Mountains.
Su Gong said: Campsis grandiflora (Ziwei) and Dianthus superbus (Qumai) are both drugs in *Bencao Jing*. Their physical nature and properties are contradictory, and their habitats are unrelated. *Erya* states: Tiao, also known as Lingtiao.
Guo Pu's annotation states: Also known as Lingshi. Also called Lingxiao; this is the true one.
Su Song said: Kong Yingda's commentary on the *Classic of Poetry* also states: Tiao, also known as Lingshi. Currently, there is no name "Lingshi" in Materia Medica, only Salvia miltiorrhiza (or similar species referred to here as Shuweicao) has this name. Is the transmission different, or are Tao Hongjing and Su Song mistaken?
Li Shizhen says: According to Wu's *Bencao*: Campsis grandiflora (Ziwei), also known as Quling. Tao Hongjing mistakenly wrote the character for Dianthus superbus (Qumai). Salvia miltiorrhiza is only named Lingqiao, not Lingshi; Su Song was also mistaken. Correcting these together.
[Collection of Explanations] *Bielu* states: Campsis grandiflora (Ziwei) grows in the rivers and valleys of Xihai and on the sunny slopes of mountains.
Su Gong said: This is the flower of Campsis grandiflora (Lingxiao). Use the stems and leaves together. The *Classic of Poetry* states: There are flowers of Tiao, saying they are yellow. *Erya* states: Lingtiao: Yellow flowers, white flowers are called Ba. There are also white-flowered varieties in the mountains.
Su Song said: Now it is found everywhere, mostly growing in mountains, and sometimes planted in gardens by households. Initially it grows as a vine, relying on large trees, extending over time to the top. Its flowers are yellow-red, blooming abundantly in summer. Currently, medical practitioners often pick the flowers, dry them, and use them in gynecological medicines.
Li Shizhen says: Wild Campsis grandiflora (Lingxiao) has vines only a few chi long; upon climbing wood, it reaches heights of several zhang. Vines of many years have thickness like a cup. In early spring, branches emerge; one branch bears several leaves, pointed and long with serrated edges, dark green. From summer to autumn, it blooms; one branch bears more than ten flowers, large like Ipomoea nil (Morning Glory), opening into five petals at the head, ochre-yellow with fine spots, becoming redder in late autumn. In August, pods form like bean pods, about three cun long. The seeds are light and thin like Ulmus pumila (Elm) kernels or Aristolochia debilis (Madouling) kernels. The roots are also long and shaped like Aristolochia debilis roots. Harvested after autumn, dried in shade.
Flower (Roots same usage)
[Aroma and Flavor] Sour, slightly cold, non-toxic. Wu Pu said: Shennong, Leigong, Qibo considered it Pungent; Bian Que considered it Bitter and Salty; Huangdi considered it Sweet, non-toxic.
Zhen Quan said: Feared Lu Jian (Alkaline salts).
Li Shizhen said: The flowers should not be smelled closely by the nose, as it harms the brain. Dew from the flowers entering the eyes causes dizziness and confusion.
[Main Treatments] Postpartum residual disorders, Bengzhong (metrorrhagia), Zhengjia and blood obstruction (abdominal masses and amenorrhea), chills and fever with emaciation, nourishing the fetus (*Bencao Jing*). Uncontrolled postpartum bleeding, dripping discharge, treating wind-heat epilepsy, difficulty in urination and defecation, intestinal firmness (Zhen Quan). Rosacea heat-toxin wind-thorns, women's blood diaphragm wandering wind, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea (Da Ming).
Stems and Leaves
[Aroma and Flavor] Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
[Main Treatments] Wei syndrome (flaccidity), benefiting Qi (*Bielu*). Wind-heat body itching, wandering wind urticaria, blood stasis leukorrhea. Flowers and roots have the same efficacy (Da Ming). Treating throat obstruction heat.
[Enlightenment] Li Shizhen says: Campsis grandiflora (Lingxiao) flowers and roots are sweet, sour, and cold; stems and leaves carry bitterness. They are herbs for the Foot and Hand Jueyin meridians. They move the Blood aspect and can eliminate latent fire in the blood. Thus, they treat various diseases of postpartum bleeding and metrorrhagia, as well as conditions where blood heat generates wind.
[Attached Prescriptions] One old, thirteen new.
Women's Metrorrhagia: Campsis grandiflora (Lingxiao) flower powdered. Take 2 qian with wine each time, followed by Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction). (*Danxi Zuanyao*)
Blood after stool: Infuse Campsis grandiflora (Lingxiao) flowers in wine and drink frequently. (*Puji Fang*)
Xiaoke (Wasting and Thirsting) drinking water: Campsis grandiflora (Lingxiao) flower 1 liang, crushed, decocted in 1.5 sheng of water until 1 sheng remains, divided into two doses. (*Shengji Lu*)
Infants with unexplained blue lips refusing milk: Equal parts Campsis grandiflora (Lingxiao) flower, Isatis tinctoria (Dalan) leaf, Mirabilite (Mangxiao), and Rhubarb (Dahuang) powdered. Mix with sheep marrow to make pills the size of Sophora japonica seeds. Grind one pill before use, deliver with milk, then the infant can feed. Suitable for heat patterns; avoid in cold patterns. Once, an official who retired traveled through Huxiang, prepared this prescription, and saved many critical patients. (*Puji Fang*)
Long-standing or recent Wind-Epilepsy: Powder Campsis grandiflora (Lingxiao) flower or root/leaves. Take 3 qian each time with warm wine. After taking, comb hair continuously without stopping, hold cold water in mouth, stop when warm.
Generalized Body Itching: Powder Campsis grandiflora (Lingxiao) flower. Take 1 qian with wine. (*Yixue Zhengchuan*)
Great Wind Leprosy: *Jiegu Jiazhen*: Campsis grandiflora (Lingxiao) flower 5 qian, Earthworm (Dilong, roasted), Stiff Silkworm (Jiangcan, fried), Whole Scorpion (Quanxie, fried) each 7 pieces, powdered. Take 2 qian each time with warm wine. Bathe with medicinal soup first, take this medicine to induce foul-smelling sweat for effect. *Rumen Shiqin*: Add Cicada Slough (Chantui). Five ingredients, 9 pieces each, taken as one dose.
Rosacea on Nose: Wang Qiu's *Baiyi Xuanfang*: Equal parts Campsis grandiflora (Lingxiao) flower and Gardenia jasminoides (Shanzhizi), powdered. Take 2 qian with tea daily to eradicate roots. Zeng Ziren of Linchuan used it effectively. *Yangshi Jiacang Fang*: Campsis grandiflora (Lingxiao) flower 0.5 liang, Sulfur (Liuhuang) 1 liang, Walnut (Hutao) 4 pieces, Calomel (Nifen) 1 qian, ground into paste, wrap in raw silk and rub.
Irregular outbreaks, field name Bei Yang Chuang: Decoct Campsis grandiflora (Lingxiao) flower and leaves in water, wash daily. (Yang Renzhai *Zhizhi Fang*)
Women's Genital Ulcers: Powder Ziwei (Campsis grandiflora), mix with carp brain or bile for application. (*Zhai Xuan Fang*)
Sudden Deafness and Ear Blockage: Campsis grandiflora (Lingxiao) leaf. Pound to extract natural juice, drip into ear. (*Doumen Fang*)
Amenorrhea: Powder Campsis grandiflora (Lingxiao) flower. Take 2 qian each time before meals with warm wine. (*Xu Shi Taichan Fang*)
[Appendix] Gulu Zhi (Supplement). *Zangqi* states: Pungent, neutral, non-toxic. Treats rising Qi with edema, water qi vomiting and reflux, women's metrorrhagia, residual blood syndromes and Zhengjia, kills three parasites. Grows in Kunlun Kingdom. Seedlings resemble Campsis grandiflora (Lingxiao) vine, roots resemble Akebia quinata (Qingmuxiang). Also found in Vietnam. Also known as Flying Vine.