（宋《嘉 》）
【释名】时珍曰∶按刘熙《释名》云∶雪，洗也。洗除瘴疠虫蝗也。凡花五出，雪花六
出，阴之成数也。冬至后第三戊为腊。腊前三雪，大宜菜麦，又杀虫蝗。腊雪密封阴处，数
十年亦不坏；用水浸五谷种，则耐旱不生虫；洒几席间，则蝇自去；淹藏一切果食，不蛀蠹
，岂非除虫蝗之验乎。藏器曰∶春雪有虫，水亦易败，所以不收。
【气味】甘，冷，无毒。
【主治】解一切毒，治天行时气温疫，小儿热痫狂啼，大人丹石发动，酒后暴热，黄胆
，仍小温服之（藏器）。洗目，退赤（张从正）。煎茶煮粥，解热止渴（吴瑞）。宜煎伤寒火
之药，抹痱亦良（时珍）。
【发明】宗 曰∶腊雪水，大寒之水也，故治以上诸病。
（音驳。《拾遗》）
【释名】时珍曰∶程子云∶雹者阴阳相搏之气，盖 气也。或云∶雹者，炮也，中物
如炮也。曾子云∶阳之专气为雹，阴之专气为霰。陆农师云∶阴包阳为雹，阳包阴为霰。雪
六出而成花，雹三出而成实。阴阳之辨也。《五雷经》云∶雹乃阴阳不顺之气结成。亦有懒
龙鳞甲之内，寒冻生冰，为雷所发，飞走堕落，大者如斗升，小者如弹丸。又蜥蜴含水，
亦能作雹，未审果否？
【气味】咸，冷，有毒。时珍曰∶按《五雷经》云∶人食雹，患疫疾大风颠邪之证。藏
器曰∶酱味不正者，当时取一、二升纳入瓮中，即还本味也。
（出自宋代《嘉祐本草》）
【释名】李时珍说：查阅刘熙的《释名》记载：“雪”，意为洗涤。指洗涤清除瘴气、疠气和虫蝗灾害。一般花朵有五个花瓣，雪花有六个瓣，这是阴数成就的象征。冬至后的第三个戊日是腊日。腊月之前的三场雪，非常有利于蔬菜和小麦的生长，又能杀死虫蝗。将腊雪密封在阴凉处，几十年也不会变质；用水浸泡五谷种子，种子就能耐旱且不生虫；洒在几案和席子上，苍蝇自然会飞走；用来腌制保存各种果品食物，不会生蛀虫，这难道不是除灭虫蝗的证据吗？陈藏器说：春雪含有虫子，水也容易腐败，所以不收藏。
【气味】味甘，性冷，无毒。
【主治】解除各种毒素，治疗流行性时气温疫，小儿因热引起的惊痫和狂哭，大人因服用丹石类药物引发的病症，酒后突然发热，黄疸病，仍应小口温热服用（陈藏器）。清洗眼睛，消除红肿（张从正）。用来煎茶煮粥，能清热止渴（吴瑞）。适宜用于煎煮治疗伤寒火邪的药物，涂抹治疗痱子也很好（李时珍）。
【发明】寇宗奭说：腊雪水是大寒性质的水，所以能治疗上述各种疾病。
（音bó。出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】李时珍说：程子说：雹是阴阳相互搏击之气，也就是“雹”气。有人说：雹就是“炮”的意思，击中物体如同炮弹爆炸。曾子说：阳气专一形成的为雹，阴气专一形成的为霰。陆农师说：阴包裹阳形成雹，阳包裹阴形成霰。雪花六瓣成花，雹三个角成实，这是阴阳的区别。《五雷经》说：雹是不顺的阴阳之气凝结而成。也有人说，懒龙鳞甲内部，因寒冷冻结生冰，被雷激发，飞走坠落，大的像斗升那么大，小的像弹丸。还有蜥蜴含水，也能制造雹，不知是否果真如此？
【气味】味咸，性冷，有毒。李时珍说：查阅《五雷经》记载：人食用雹，会患上瘟疫、大风、癫狂等病症。陈藏器说：如果酱的味道不正，当时取一两升雹纳入瓮中，酱就会恢复本来的味道。
(Sourced from the Song Dynasty *Jiayou Bencao*)
[Names] Li Shizhen states: According to Liu Xi's *Shiming* (Explanation of Names), "snow" means to wash. It refers to washing away miasma, pestilence, and locusts. Generally, flowers have five petals, while snowflakes have six, which is the number completing Yin. The third Wu day after the Winter Solstice is La Day (the last month of the lunar year). The three snowfalls before La Day are highly beneficial for vegetables and wheat, and they also kill insects and locusts. If La snow water is sealed in a cool place, it will not spoil even after decades; soaking grain seeds in this water makes them drought-resistant and free from insects; sprinkling it on tables and mats drives away flies naturally; preserving fruits and foods in it prevents insect damage. Is this not proof of its ability to eliminate pests? Chen Cangqi says: Spring snow contains insects, and the water spoils easily, so it is not collected.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Resolves all toxins; treats epidemic febrile diseases caused by seasonal pathogens (Tianxing Shiwen); treats infantile heat-induced convulsions and manic crying; treats conditions triggered by the ingestion of mineral pills (Danshi) in adults; treats sudden heat after alcohol consumption; treats jaundice. It should be taken warm in small doses (Chen Cangqi). Washes the eyes and reduces redness (Zhang Congzheng). Used to brew tea or cook porridge, it clears heat and relieves thirst (Wu Rui). Suitable for decocting herbs treating Shanghan (Cold Damage) with fire pathogenic factors; applying it topically is also effective for treating prickly heat (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Kou Zongshi states: La snow water is of extreme cold nature, thus it treats the aforementioned diseases.
(Pronounced bó. Sourced from *Bencao Shiyi*)
[Names] Li Shizhen states: Cheng Zi says: Hail is the Qi of Yin and Yang clashing with each other, hence the term "Bao Qi". Some say: "Hail" sounds like "Pao" (cannon/explosion), as it strikes objects like an explosion. Zeng Zi says: Pure Yang Qi forms hail, while pure Yin Qi forms graupel (Xian). Lu Nongshi says: Yin wrapping Yang forms hail, while Yang wrapping Yin forms graupel. Snowflakes form flowers with six points; hail forms solid bodies with three points. This distinguishes Yin and Yang. The *Wulei Jing* (Classic of Five Thunders) states that hail is formed by disordered Yin and Yang Qi. There is also a belief that within the scales of the "Lazy Dragon", ice forms due to freezing, which is then expelled by thunder, flying and falling down; large ones are as big as dou or sheng measures, small ones like bullet casings. Another theory suggests that geckos holding water can also create hail, though it is uncertain if this is true.
[Flavor and Properties] Salty, cold, toxic. Li Shizhen states: According to the *Wulei Jing*, consuming hail causes symptoms such as epidemics, severe wind-stroke, and manic disorders. Chen Cangqi says: If soy sauce tastes abnormal, adding one or two sheng of hail into the jar at that time will restore its original flavor.