（宋《开宝》）
【释名】石髓铅。志曰∶其色青黄如铜，不从矿炼，故号自然铜。
【集解】志曰∶自然铜生邕州山岩间出铜处，于坑中及石间采得，方圆不定，其色青黄
如铜。
颂曰∶今信州、火山军铜坑中及石间皆有之。信州出一种如乱铜丝状，云在铜矿中，山
气熏蒸，自然流出，亦若生银老翁须之类。入药最好。火山军出者，颗块如铜，而坚重如石，
医家谓之 石，用之力薄。采无时。今南方医者说∶自然铜有两三体∶一体大如麻黍，或多
方解，累累相缀，至如斗大者，色煌煌明烂如黄金、 石，入药最上。一体成块，大小不定，
亦光明而赤。一体如姜石、铁屎之类。又有如不冶而成者，形大小不定，皆出铜坑中，击之
易碎，有黄赤，有青黑，炼之乃成铜也。其说分析颇精，而未尝见似乱丝者。又云∶今市人
多以 石为自然铜，烧之成青焰如硫黄者是也。此亦有二、三种∶一种有壳如禹余粮，击破
其中光明如鉴，色黄类 石也；一种青黄而有墙壁，成纹如束针；一种碎理如团砂者，皆光
明如铜，色多青白而赤少者，烧之皆成烟焰，顷刻都尽。今医家多误以此为自然铜，市中所
货往往是此，而自然铜用须火 ，此乃畏火，不必形色，只此可辨也。独孤滔曰∶自然铜出
信州铅山县，银场铜坑中深处有铜矿，多年矿气结成，似马屁勃也。色紫重，食之苦涩者是
真。今人以大 石为自然铜，误矣。
承曰∶今辰州川泽中，出一种自然铜，形圆似蛇含，大者如胡桃，小者如栗，外有皮，
黑色光润，破之与 石无别，但比 石不作臭气耳，入药用之殊验。
曰∶石髓铅即自然铜。勿用方金牙，真相似，若误饵之，吐杀人。石髓铅似干银泥，
味微甘也。
时珍曰∶按《宝藏论》云∶自然铜生曾青、石绿穴中，状如寒林草根，色红腻，亦有墙
壁。又一类似丹砂，光明坚硬有棱，中含铜脉，尤佳。又一种似木根，不红腻，随手碎为粉，
至为精明，近铜之山则有之。今俗中所用自然铜，皆非也。
【修治】 曰∶采得石髓铅捶碎，同甘草汤煮一伏时，至明漉出，摊令干，入臼中捣了，
重筛过，以醋浸一宿，至明，用六一泥泥瓷盒子，盛二升，文武火中养三日夜，才干用盖盖
了，火 两伏时，去土研如粉用。凡修事五两，以醋两镒为度。
时珍曰∶今人只以火 醋淬七次，研细水飞过用。
【气味】辛，平，无毒。大明曰∶凉。
【主治】折伤，散血止痛，破积聚（《开宝》）。消瘀血，排脓，续筋骨，治产后血邪，
安心，止惊悸，以酒磨服（大明）。
【发明】宗 曰∶有人以自然铜饲折翅胡雁，后遂飞去。今人打扑损，研细水飞过，同
当归、没药各半钱，以酒调服，仍手摩病处。
震亨曰∶自然铜，世以为接骨之药，然此等方尽多，大抵宜补气、补血、补胃。俗工唯
在速效，迎合病患之意，而铜非 不可用，若新出火者，其火毒、金毒相扇，挟香药热毒，
虽有接骨之功，燥散之祸，甚于刀剑，戒之。
时珍曰∶自然铜接骨之功，与铜屑同，不可诬也。但接骨之后，不可常服，即便理气活
血可尔。
【附方】新三。
心气刺痛∶自然铜，火 醋淬九次，研末，醋调一字服，即止。（《卫生易简方》）
项下气瘿∶自然铜贮水瓮中，逐日饮食，皆用此水，其瘿自消。或火烧烟气，久久吸之，
亦可。（杨仁斋《直指方》）
暑湿瘫痪，四肢不能动∶自然铜（烧红，酒浸一夜）、川乌头（炮）、五灵脂、苍术（酒
浸）
各一两，当归二钱（酒浸）。为末，酒糊丸梧子大。每服七丸，酒下，觉四肢麻木即止。（陆
氏《积德堂方》）
（宋代《开宝本草》记载）
【释名】石髓铅。苏颂说：它的颜色青黄像铜，不需要经过矿石冶炼，所以称为自然铜。
【集解】苏颂说：自然铜产于邕州的山岩间出铜的地方，在矿坑中和石头间采集得到，形状方圆不定，颜色青黄像铜。
苏颂又说：现在信州、火山军铜矿坑中及石头间都有出产。信州出产一种像乱铜丝形状的，据说是在铜矿中，受山气熏蒸，自然流出，也像是生银老翁须之类。入药效果最好。火山军出产的，颗粒块状像铜，但坚硬沉重像石头，医生称之为“石”，药效较弱。采集没有固定时间。现在的南方医生说：自然铜有两三种：一种大如麻籽黍米，或者多方解，累累相连，大到斗大的，颜色辉煌明亮如黄金、石，入药最上等。一种成块状，大小不定，也光明而赤色。一种像姜石、铁屎之类。又有像未冶炼而成的，形状大小不定，都出自铜矿坑中，敲击容易碎裂，有黄赤色的，有青黑色的，冶炼后变成铜。这种说法分析很精细，但我未曾见过像乱丝那样的。又说：现在市场上很多人用“石”冒充自然铜，烧之产生青焰像硫黄的就是这类。这也有两三种：一种有壳像禹余粮，敲破里面光明如镜，颜色黄类石；一种青黄而有纹理，纹路像束针；一种碎理像团砂的，都光明如铜，颜色多青白而赤少，烧之都成烟焰，顷刻烧尽。现在医生多误将此当作自然铜，市中所卖往往是这些，而真正的自然铜需要用火煅淬，这类却怕火，不必看形色，仅凭这一点就可以辨别了。独孤滔说：自然铜出产于信州铅山县，银场铜坑深处有铜矿，经多年矿气凝结而成，像马屁勃（一种菌类）。颜色紫重，吃起来苦涩的是真品。现在人把大“石”当作自然铜，这是错误的。
承曰：现在辰州川泽中，出产一种自然铜，形状圆像蛇含，大的像胡桃，小的像栗子，外面有皮，黑色光润，破开后与“石”无区别，只是比“石”不发出臭气罢了，入药使用特别灵验。
曰：“石髓铅”即自然铜。不要用方金牙，真的很像，如果误服，会吐死人。“石髓铅”像干银泥，味道微甘。
李时珍说：查考《宝藏论》说：自然铜生于曾青、石绿的洞穴中，形状像寒林草根，颜色红腻，也有墙壁状的。另一种类似丹砂，光明坚硬有棱角，中间含有铜脉，尤其好。又一种像木根，不红腻，随手碎成粉，非常精明，靠近产铜的山就有。现在世俗中使用的自然铜，都不是真的。
【修治】曰：采得石髓铅捶碎，同甘草汤煮一昼夜，到第二天捞出，摊开晾干，放入臼中捣碎，重新筛过，用醋浸泡一夜，到第二天，用六一泥涂抹瓷盒子，盛二升，在文武火上养三日夜，才干用盖子盖好，用火煅两昼夜，去掉泥土研成粉使用。凡是修制五两，以醋两镒为限度。
【气味】辛，平，无毒。唐慎微《证类本草》引大明说：凉。
【主治】折伤，散血止痛，破积聚（《开宝本草》）。消瘀血，排脓，续筋骨，治产后血邪，安心，止惊悸，用酒磨服（《日华子诸家本草》）。
【发明】寇宗奭说：有人用自然铜喂折断翅膀的大雁，后来大雁就飞走了。现在人被打扑损伤，将自然铜研细水飞，同当归、没药各半钱，用酒调服，同时用手按摩患处。
朱震亨说：自然铜，世人认为是接骨的药物，然而这类方剂很多，大体上宜补气、补血、补胃。庸医只求速效，迎合病患的心意，而铜并非不可用，如果是新从火中出来的，其火毒、金毒相互煽动，挟带香药的熱毒，虽然有接骨的功效，但燥散的危害，甚于刀剑，要警惕。
李时珍说：自然铜接骨的功效，与铜屑相同，不能否认。但接骨之后，不可以常服，只需调理气血即可。
【附方】新收三首。
心气刺痛：自然铜，火煅醋淬九次，研末，醋调一字量服用，疼痛即止。（《卫生易简方》）
项下气瘿：将自然铜贮存在水瓮中，每天饮食都用这个水，瘿瘤自然会消除。或者火烧烟气，久久吸入，也可以。（杨仁斋《直指方》）
暑湿瘫痪，四肢不能动：自然铜（烧红，酒浸一夜）、川乌头（炮制）、五灵脂、苍术（酒浸）各一两，当归二钱（酒浸）。研为末，酒糊丸梧子大。每次服七丸，酒送下，感觉四肢麻木就停药。（陆氏《积德堂方》）
(Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao* records)
[Names] Shisu Qian (Stone Marrow Lead). Su Song stated: Its color is greenish-yellow like copper, and it does not require smelting from ore, hence the name Ziran Tong (Natural Copper).
[Collection and Explanation] Su Song stated: Ziran Tong (Natural Copper) grows in the mountain rocks of Yongzhou where copper is produced. It is collected from pits and among stones, with irregular square or round shapes, and its color is greenish-yellow like copper.
Su Song further stated: Currently, it is found in the copper pits and among stones in Xinzhou and Huoshan Jun. Xinzhou produces a variety shaped like tangled copper wires, said to be exuded naturally from copper ores due to mountain air vaporization, similar to "Old Man's Beard" found near silver deposits. This variety is best for medicinal use. The variety from Huoshan Jun consists of lumps resembling copper but hard and heavy as stone; physicians call this "Shi" (Stone), which has weaker efficacy. There is no fixed time for collection. Physicians in the southern regions currently state that there are two or three types of Ziran Tong (Natural Copper): one type is as small as hemp or millet seeds, or composed of multiple facets linked together, up to the size of a peck measure, with a brilliant, bright yellow-golden appearance like gold or Shi, which is the highest grade for medicinal use. Another type forms blocks of varying sizes, also bright and reddish. A third type resembles Jiangshi (Ginger Stone) or Tiexi (Iron Scoria). There are also forms resembling unsmelted material, with indeterminate shapes, all originating from copper pits; they break easily upon striking, appearing in yellow-red or black-green hues, and transform into copper after smelting. This analysis is quite precise, yet I have never seen the wire-like variety. Furthermore, it is said that merchants often substitute "Shi" (Stone) for Ziran Tong (Natural Copper); when burned, it produces a blue flame like sulfur. This substitute comes in two or three varieties: one has a shell like Yuyuliang (Halloysitum Rubrum), and inside is bright like a mirror with a yellow color similar to Shi; another is greenish-yellow with wall-like structures and textures like bundled needles; a third has fragmented textures like granular sand. All are bright like copper, mostly white-green with little red, and burn completely into smoke and flame instantly. Many physicians mistakenly identify this as Ziran Tong (Natural Copper), and market goods are often this substitute. True Ziran Tong (Natural Copper) requires fire calcination, whereas this substitute fears fire; thus, it can be distinguished by this property alone. Dugu Tao stated: Ziran Tong (Natural Copper) originates from Yanshan County in Xinzhou. Deep within the silver field copper pits, copper ores formed over many years by mineral vapors resemble Mapibo (a type of fungus). Those that are purple-heavy and taste bitter/astringent when eaten are genuine. People currently mistake large "Shi" (Stone) for Ziran Tong (Natural Copper), which is an error.
Cheng stated: In the rivers and marshes of Chenzhou, a variety of Ziran Tong (Natural Copper) is produced. It is round like Shehan (Snake Containment herb), large ones like walnuts, small ones like chestnuts. It has an outer skin that is black and glossy. When broken, it is indistinguishable from "Shi" (Stone), except it does not emit a foul odor. It is particularly effective medicinally.
[Anonymous Author] "Shisu Qian" is Ziran Tong (Natural Copper). Do not use Fangjinya (Square Gold Tooth), which looks very similar; if mistaken and ingested, it causes fatal vomiting. "Shisu Qian" resembles dry Yinini (Silver Mud) and has a slightly sweet taste.
Li Shizhen stated: According to *Baozang Lun*, Ziran Tong (Natural Copper) grows in caves containing Cengqing (Azurite) and Shilv (Malachite). It resembles the roots of cold forest plants, is red and greasy, and may have wall-like structures. Another variety resembles Dansha (Cinnabar), being bright, hard, and angular, containing copper veins internally, which is especially good. Yet another variety resembles wood roots, is not red/greasy, crumbles into powder easily, and is extremely fine; it is found near mountains producing copper. The Ziran Tong (Natural Copper) used in common practice today is none of these genuine varieties.
[Preparation] [Anonymous Author] stated: After collecting Shisu Qian, crush it, boil it with Gancao Tang (Licorice Decoction) for one full day and night. Strain it out the next day, spread it to dry, pound it in a mortar, sieve it again, and soak it in Cu (Vinegar) overnight. Strain it the next day. Place it in a porcelain box coated with Liuyi Ni (Six-One Clay), holding two sheng (volume unit). Nourish it on mild heat for three days and nights until dry. Cover it tightly and calcine it with fire for two full day-night cycles. Remove the soil and grind it into powder. For every five liang of preparation, use two yi (weight unit) of vinegar as the limit.
Li Shizhen stated: Nowadays, people only calcine it with fire and quench it in vinegar seven times, then grind it finely and process it via water levigation (Shuifei).
[Flavor and Toxicity] Acrid, Neutral, Non-toxic. Da Ming stated: Cool.
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats fractures and injuries, disperses blood stasis, alleviates pain, and breaks accumulations (*Kaibao Bencao*). Eliminates blood stasis, drains pus, reconnects bones and tendons, treats postpartum blood pathogenic factors, calms the mind, and stops palpitations and fright; take ground with wine (*Rimiaozi Zhujiabencao*).
[Elucidation] Kou Zongshi stated: Someone fed Ziran Tong (Natural Copper) to a wild goose with a broken wing, and the goose subsequently flew away. Currently, for traumatic injuries from blows or falls, Ziran Tong (Natural Copper) is finely ground and water-leigated, mixed with Danggui (Angelica Sinensis) and Moyao (Myrrh), each half qian, taken with wine, while massaging the affected area.
Zhu Zhenheng stated: Ziran Tong (Natural Copper) is regarded by the world as a bone-knitting herb. However, there are many such formulas; generally, it is advisable to tonify Qi, Blood, and Stomach. Quack doctors seek rapid effects to cater to patients' desires. While copper itself is usable, if it is newly removed from fire, its Fire Toxin and Metal Toxin interact, carrying the Heat Toxin of aromatic herbs. Although it has bone-knitting merit, its drying and dissipating harm is worse than swords and knives; one must beware.
Li Shizhen stated: The bone-knitting efficacy of Ziran Tong (Natural Copper) is the same as that of Tongxie (Copper Filings) and cannot be denied. However, after knitting bones, it should not be taken regularly; regulating Qi and activating Blood suffices.
[Attached Formulas] Three new formulas.
Heart Qi Piercing Pain: Ziran Tong (Natural Copper), calcined with fire and quenched in vinegar nine times, ground into powder. Take a dose equivalent to "Yi Zi" (a small measure) mixed with vinegar; pain stops immediately. (*Weisheng Yijian Fang*)
Qi Goiter on the Neck: Store Ziran Tong (Natural Copper) in a water jar. Use this water for daily diet and drinking; the goiter will gradually disappear. Alternatively, burn it and inhale the smoke for a long time. Also effective. (*Zhizhi Fang* by Yang Renzhai)
Summer-Heat-Dampness Paralysis, Inability to Move Limbs: Ziran Tong (Natural Copper) (heated red hot, soaked in wine overnight), Chuan Wutou (Sichuan Aconite Root, processed), Wulingzhi (Trogopterus Dung), Cangzhu (Atractylodes Rhizome, soaked in wine) each 1 liang, Danggui (Angelica Sinensis, soaked in wine) 2 qian. Grind into powder, make pills with wine paste the size of wutong seeds. Take 7 pills per dose with wine. Stop when numbness in limbs is felt. (*Jide Tang Fang* by Lu Family)