（《拾遗》）
【校正】自草部移入此。
【集解】
藏器曰∶生巴西诸国。草似韭状，豉出花中，彼人食之。
【气味】辛，平，无毒。
【主治】恶气，调中，益五脏，开胃，令人能食（藏器）。
（柔滑类四十一种）
（宋《嘉 》）
【释名】菠菜（《纲目》）、波斯草（《纲目》）、赤根菜。
慎微曰∶按∶刘禹锡《嘉话录》云∶菠 种出自西国。有僧将其子来，云本是颇陵国之
种。语讹为波棱耳。
时珍曰∶按∶《唐会要》云∶太宗时尼波罗国献波棱菜，类红蓝，实如蒺藜，火熟之能
益食味。即此也。方士隐名为波斯草云。
【集解】时珍曰∶波棱，八月、九月种者，可备冬食；正月、二月种者，可备春蔬。其
茎柔脆中空。其叶绿腻柔浓，直出一尖，旁出两尖，似鼓子花叶之状而长大。其根长数寸，
大如桔梗而色赤，味更甘美。四月起苔尺许。有雄雌。就茎开碎红花，丛簇不显。雌者结实，
有刺，状如蒺藜子。种时须砑开，易浸胀。必过月朔乃生，亦一异也。
菜及根
【气味】甘，冷，滑，无毒。
士良曰∶微毒。多食令人脚弱，发腰痛，动冷气。先患腹冷者，必破腹。不与鳝鱼同食，
发霍乱。取汁炼霜，制砒、汞，伏雌黄、硫黄。
【主治】利五脏，通肠胃热，解酒毒。服丹石人食之佳（孟诜）。
通血脉，开胸膈，下气调中，止渴润燥。根尤良（时珍）。
【发明】
诜曰∶北人食肉、面，食之即平；南人食鱼、鳖、水米，食之即冷。故多食冷
大小肠也。
时珍曰∶按∶张从正《儒门事亲》云∶凡人久病，大便涩滞不通，及痔漏之人，宜常食
菠、葵菜之类，滑以养窍，自然通利。
【附方】新一。
消渴引饮，日至一石者∶菠 根、鸡内金等分，为末。米饮服一钱，日三。（《经验方》）
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【校正】从草部移入此部分。
【集解】
陈藏器说：生长在巴西等国。草的形状像韭菜，豆豉状的花序从花中生出，当地人食用它。
【气味】辛味，性平，无毒。
【主治】驱除恶气，调和脾胃，补益五脏，开胃，使人能够进食（陈藏器）。
（柔滑类第四十一种）
（出自宋代《嘉祐本草》）
【释名】菠菜（《本草纲目》）、波斯草（《本草纲目》）、赤根菜。
陶慎微说：按刘禹锡《嘉话录》记载：菠菜种子出自西方国家。有僧人将其种子带来，说是原本属于颇陵国的品种。语音讹传为“波棱”。
李时珍说：按《唐会要》记载：唐太宗时期，尼波罗国进贡波棱菜，形状类似红蓝花，果实像蒺藜，用火煮熟后能增加食物的味道。就是这种植物。方士隐称为波斯草。
【集解】李时珍说：波棱，在八月、九月种植的，可以准备冬季食用；正月、二月种植的，可以准备春季蔬菜。它的茎柔软脆嫩且中空。叶片绿而细腻柔浓，中间伸出一个尖头，旁边伸出两个尖头，形状像鼓子花叶但更大更长。根部长达数寸，粗细如桔梗但颜色发红，味道更加甘美。四月开始长出苔茎约一尺高。分雄株和雌株。在茎上开出细小的红花，丛聚而不显眼。雌株结出果实，有刺，形状像蒺藜子。播种时需要碾开，容易浸泡膨胀。必须过了初一才能发芽，这也是一个奇异之处。
菜及根
【气味】甘味，性冷，质滑，无毒。
孟士良说：微毒。多吃使人脚弱，引发腰痛，触动冷气。原本患有腹冷的人，必然导致腹部破裂。不能与鳝鱼同食，否则会引发霍乱。取其汁液炼制霜状物，可制伏砒霜、水银，压制雌黄、硫黄。
【主治】通利五脏，疏通肠胃热邪，解除酒毒。服用丹石类药物的人食用它很好（孟诜）。
通畅血脉，开阔胸膈，降气调和脾胃，止渴润燥。根部效果尤佳（李时珍）。
【发明】
孟诜说：北方人吃肉、面食，食用它就平和；南方人吃鱼、鳖、水米，食用它就偏冷。所以多吃会寒凉大小肠。
李时珍说：按张从正《儒门事亲》记载：凡是久病之人，大便涩滞不通，以及痔疮瘘管患者，适宜常食菠菜、葵菜之类，以滑润滋养孔窍，自然通畅便利。
【附方】新增一方。
消渴症引饮不止，每天饮水达一石者：菠菜根、鸡内金等量，研为末。用米汤送服一钱，每日三次。（《经验方》）
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
[Correction] Transferred from the Grass section to this section.
[Collected Explanations]
Chen Cangqi stated: It grows in various countries of Brazil (referring to regions west of China). The grass resembles leeks; the legume-like inflorescences emerge from the flowers, and locals consume it.
[Aroma and Flavor] Pungent, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
[Principal Indications] Disperses malignant qi, harmonizes the middle jiao, benefits the five zang organs, opens the appetite, and promotes food intake (Chen Cangqi).
(Category 41: Soft and Slippery)
(From Song Dynasty's *Jiayou Bencao*)
[Names] Spinach (*Bencao Gangmu*), Persian Grass (*Bencao Gangmu*), Red-root Vegetable.
Tao Shenwei stated: According to Liu Yuxi's *Jiahua Lu*: Spinach seeds originated from western countries. A monk brought them here, stating they were originally a variety from the Poling Kingdom. The pronunciation was corrupted into "Boleng".
Li Shizhen stated: According to *Tang Huiyao*: During Emperor Taizong's reign, Nepal offered Boleng vegetable as tribute. It resembles Safflower, its fruits resemble Tribulus terrestris, and when cooked by fire, it enhances the flavor of food. This is that plant. Alchemists secretly referred to it as Persian Grass.
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen stated: For Boleng, those sown in August or September can serve as winter vegetables; those sown in January or February can serve as spring vegetables. Its stems are soft, crisp, and hollow. The leaves are green, fine, soft, and dense, with one central tip and two lateral tips, resembling the leaves of Convolvulus but larger and longer. The roots are several inches long, as thick as Platycodon grandiflorus but red in color, with an even sweeter taste. In April, flowering stalks grow about one chi high. There are male and female plants. Small red flowers bloom on the stems in clusters, not very conspicuous. Female plants bear fruit with spines, resembling Tribulus terrestris seeds. Seeds must be crushed before sowing to facilitate soaking and swelling. Germination only occurs after the first day of the lunar month, which is also a peculiarity.
Vegetable and Roots
[Aroma and Flavor] Sweet, cold in nature, slippery, non-toxic.
Meng Shiliang stated: Slightly toxic. Excessive consumption causes weakness in the legs, lower back pain, and triggers cold qi. Those who previously suffered from abdominal coldness will inevitably suffer from abdominal rupture. Do not consume together with eel, as it may induce cholera. Extracting its juice and refining it into frost can neutralize arsenic trioxide and mercury, and subdue realgar and sulfur.
[Principal Indications] Promotes the free flow of the five zang organs, clears heat from the stomach and intestines, resolves alcohol toxicity. It is excellent for those consuming Dan Shi (mineral pills) (Meng Shen).
Promotes blood circulation, opens the chest and diaphragm, directs rebellious qi downward, harmonizes the middle jiao, relieves thirst, and moistens dryness. The root is particularly effective (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation]
Meng Shen stated: Northerners who eat meat and wheat noodles find it neutralizing; Southerners who eat fish, turtle, and rice find it cooling. Therefore, excessive consumption chills the large and small intestines.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Zhang Congzheng's *Rumen Shishen*: For anyone suffering from chronic illness with constipation and stagnation, or those with hemorrhoids and fistulas, it is advisable to frequently consume spinach and Malva verticillata. Their slipperiness nourishes the orifices, naturally promoting smooth bowel movements.
[Attached Prescriptions] One new prescription.
For Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst) with excessive thirst, drinking up to one dan per day: Equal parts of Spinach root and Ji Neijin (Chicken Gizzard Membrane), ground into powder. Take one qian with rice water, three times daily. (*Jingyan Fang* [Experienced Formula])