（宋《嘉 》）
【释名】时珍曰∶蚌与蛤同类而异形。长者通曰蚌，圆者通曰蛤。故蚌从丰，蛤从合，
皆象形也。后世混称蛤蚌者，非也。
【集解】弘景曰∶雉入大水为蜃。蜃即蚌也。
藏器曰∶生江汉渠渎间，老蚌含珠，壳堪为粉。非大蛤也。
时珍曰∶蚌类甚繁，今处处江湖中有之，惟洞庭、汉沔独多。大者长七寸，状如牡蛎辈；
小者长三、四寸，状如石决明辈。其肉可食，其壳可为粉。湖沔人皆印成锭市之，谓之蚌粉，
亦曰蛤粉。古人谓之蜃灰，以饰墙壁， 墓圹，如今用锻石也。
肉
【气味】甘、咸，冷，无毒。
宗 曰∶性微冷。多食，发风动冷气。
震亨曰∶马刀、蚌、蛤、蛳、蚬，大同小异。寇氏止言冷，而不言湿。湿生热，热久则
气上升而生痰生风，何冷之有？
【主治】止渴除热，解酒毒，去眼赤（孟诜）。明目除湿，主妇人劳损下血
烦，解热毒，血崩带下，痔 ，压丹石药毒。以黄连末纳入取汁，点赤眼、眼暗（《日华》）。
蚌粉
【气味】咸，寒，无毒
《日华》曰∶能制石亭脂。
《镜源》曰∶能制硫黄。
【主治】诸疳，止痢并呕逆。醋调，涂痈肿（《日华》）。烂壳粉∶治反胃，心胸痰饮，
用
疮
痱痒（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶蚌粉与海蛤粉同功，皆水产也。治病之要，只在清热行湿而已。《日
华》言其治疳。近有
【附方】新六。
反胃吐食∶用真正蚌粉，每服称过二钱，捣生姜汁一盏，再入米醋同调送下。（《急救
良方》）
痰饮咳嗽∶用真蚌粉新瓦炒红，入青黛少许，用淡齑水滴麻油数点，调服二钱。《类编》
云∶徽宗时，李防御为入内医官时，有宠妃病痰嗽，终夕不寐，面浮如盘。徽宗呼李治之，
诏令供状，三日不效当诛。李忧惶技穷，与妻泣别。忽闻外叫卖∶咳嗽药一文一帖，吃了即
得睡。李市十帖视之，其色浅碧。恐药性犷悍，并三服自试之，无他。乃取三帖为一，入内
授妃服之。是夕嗽止，比晓面消。内侍走报，天颜大喜，赐金帛值万缗。李恐索方，乃寻访
前卖药人，饮以酒，浓价求之，则此方也。云自少时从军，见主帅有此方，剽得以度余生耳。
痈疽赤肿∶用米醋和蚌蛤灰涂之，待其干，即易之。（《千金》）
雀目夜盲∶遇夜不能视物。用建昌军螺儿蚌粉三钱，为末，水飞过，雄猪肝一叶，披开
纳粉扎定，以第二米泔煮七分熟，仍别以蚌粉蘸食，以汁送下。一日一作。与夜明砂同功。
（《直指方》）
脚指湿烂∶用蚌蛤粉干搽之。（《寿域》）
积聚痰涎∶结于胸膈之间，心腹疼痛，日夜不止，或干呕哕食者，炒粉丸主之。用蚌粉
一两，以巴豆七粒同炒赤，去豆不用，醋和粉丸梧子大。每服二十丸，姜酒下。丈夫脐腹痛，
茴香汤下。女人血气痛，童便和酒下。（孙氏《仁存方》）
（出自宋代《嘉祐本草》）
【释名】李时珍说：蚌与蛤属于同类但形状不同。长的统称为蚌，圆的统称为蛤。所以“蚌”字从“丰”，“蛤”字从“合”，都是象形字。后世混称蛤和蚌的，是不正确的。
【集解】陶弘景说：野鸡进入大水中变成蜃。蜃就是蚌。
苏恭说：生长在长江、汉水及沟渠河道之间，老蚌体内含珠，其壳可以磨成粉。这不是大的蛤类。
李时珍说：蚌的种类很多，现在各地的江湖中都有，只有洞庭湖、汉水和沔水一带特别多。大的长七寸，形状像牡蛎一类；小的长三、四寸，形状像石决明一类。它的肉可以吃，它的壳可以磨成粉。湖沔地区的人都将它印制成锭状出售，称为蚌粉，也称为蛤粉。古人称之为蜃灰，用来粉刷墙壁、装饰墓穴，就像现在使用锻石一样。
【肉】
【气味】味甘、咸，性冷，无毒。
朱震亨说：马刀、蚌、蛤、蛳、蚬，大同小异。寇氏只说性冷，而没有提到性湿。湿气产生热，热久了气就会上升而生痰生风，哪里还有冷的呢？
【主治】止渴除热，解酒毒，去除眼红（孟诜）。明目除湿，主治妇女劳损导致的下血烦闷，解热毒，治疗血崩带下，痔疮，压制丹石类药物中毒。将黄连末纳入蚌体内取汁，滴入眼中治疗红眼、视力模糊（《日华子本草》）。
【蚌粉】
【气味】味咸，性寒，无毒。
《日华子本草》说：能制约石亭脂（一种矿物药）。
《镜源》说：能制约硫黄。
【主治】各种疳积，止痢疾并缓解呕吐逆气。用醋调匀，涂抹痈肿（《日华子本草》）。烂壳粉：治疗反胃，心胸部的痰饮，以及疮疡痱痒（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：蚌粉与海蛤粉功效相同，都属于水产药物。治病的关键，在于清热利湿罢了。《日华子本草》说它能治疗疳积。近代有……
【附方】新收录六首。
反胃吐食：使用真正的蚌粉，每次服用经过称量的二钱，捣取生姜汁一盏，再加入米醋一同调匀送服。（《急救良方》）
痰饮咳嗽：使用真蚌粉在新瓦上炒至发红，加入少许青黛，用淡盐水滴几滴麻油，调服二钱。《类编》记载：宋徽宗时期，李防御担任入内医官时，有一位受宠的妃子患痰嗽病，整夜无法入睡，面部浮肿如盘。徽宗召李防御为她治疗，下诏令她写下保证书，若三天无效当处死刑。李防御忧虑惶恐，技艺穷尽，与妻子哭泣告别。忽然听到外面叫卖：“咳嗽药一文一帖，吃了就能睡觉。”李防御买了十帖查看，颜色浅碧。担心药性猛烈，便自己试服了三帖，没有其他反应。于是取三帖合并为一，送入宫内交给妃子服用。当晚咳嗽停止，到天亮时面部浮肿消退。太监跑着报告，皇帝龙颜大喜，赐给价值万缗的金帛。李防御害怕被索要药方，于是寻访之前卖药的人，请他喝酒，高价求得此方，原来就是这个方子。那人说从小随军，见主帅有此方，窃取得以度过余生罢了。
痈疽赤肿：用米醋调和蚌蛤灰涂抹患处，待其干燥，即更换新的。（《千金方》）
雀目夜盲：夜间不能视物。使用建昌军的螺儿蚌粉三钱，研为细末，用水飞法处理，取雄猪肝一片，剖开纳入粉末扎紧，用第二次淘米水煮至七分熟，另外再用蚌粉蘸食，用汤汁送下。一天做一次。与夜明砂功效相同。（《直指方》）
脚趾湿烂：用蚌蛤粉干撒涂抹患处。（《寿域神方》）
积聚痰涎：结聚在胸膈之间，心腹疼痛，日夜不止，或干呕哕食者，用炒粉丸主治。使用蚌粉一两，与巴豆七粒同炒至变红，去掉豆子不用，用醋调和粉丸做成梧桐子大小。每次服用二十丸，姜酒送下。男子脐腹痛，用茴香汤送下。女子血气痛，用童便和酒送下。（孙氏《仁存方》）
(Sourced from the Song Dynasty "Jia You Ben Cao")
[Names] Li Shizhen said: Clams (Beng) and cockles (Ge) belong to the same category but differ in shape. The elongated ones are generally called clams (Beng), while the round ones are generally called cockles (Ge). Therefore, the character 'Beng' derives from 'Feng' (abundant/plump), and 'Ge' derives from 'He' (close together/round), both being ideograms depicting shape. It is incorrect to mix the terms Ge and Beng in later generations.
[Collection of Explanations] Tao Hongjing said: Pheasants entering large waters transform into Shen (a mythical clam-like creature). Shen is indeed the clam (Beng).
Su Gong said: They grow among the Yangtze River, Han River, canals, and ditches. Old clams contain pearls, and their shells can be ground into powder. This is not the large type of Ge.
Li Shizhen said: There are many varieties of clams (Beng). They are found in rivers and lakes everywhere today, but are particularly abundant in Dongting Lake, the Han River, and the Mian River. Large ones are seven inches long, resembling oysters; small ones are three to four inches long, resembling Hainan Cockle Shell (Shi Jue Ming). Their meat is edible, and their shells can be made into powder. People in the Hu and Mian regions press them into ingot shapes for sale, calling it Clam Powder (Beng Fen), also known as Cockle Shell Powder (Ge Fen). In ancient times, it was called Shen Ash, used to whitewash walls and decorate tombs, similar to how forged stone (Duan Shi) is used today.
[Meat]
[Properties and Flavors] Sweet, salty, cold nature, non-toxic.
Kou Zongshi said: Slightly cold in nature. Consuming too much may induce wind disorders and stir up cold qi.
Zhu Zhenheng said: Ma Dao, clams (Beng), cockles (Ge), snails (Si), and clams (Xian) are largely similar with minor differences. Kou only mentioned coldness but did not mention dampness. Dampness generates heat; prolonged heat causes qi to rise, generating phlegm and wind. How can it be considered cold?
[Indications] Relieves thirst and clears heat, resolves alcohol toxicity, removes redness of the eyes (Meng Shen). Brightens vision, dispels dampness, treats women's consumptive disease with lower bleeding and irritability, resolves heat toxins, manages metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, hemorrhoids, and suppresses toxicity from Dan-Shi (mineral) drugs. Insert powdered Coptis Rhizome (Huang Lian) into the clam to extract juice, and apply drops to treat red eyes and blurred vision (Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao).
[Clam Powder]
[Properties and Flavors] Salty, cold nature, non-toxic.
Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao says: Can neutralize Ting Li Shi (Litharge).
Jing Yuan says: Can neutralize Sulfur (Liu Huang).
[Indications] Treats various types of Gan syndrome (pediatric malnutrition/dysentery complex), stops dysentery, and relieves vomiting and regurgitation. Mixed with vinegar and applied externally to treat carbuncles and swellings (Ri Hua Zi Bencao). Powder from rotten shells: Treats regurgitation (Fan Wei), phlegm-fluid retention in the chest and heart, and sores with itching (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Clam powder (Beng Fen) has the same efficacy as Seashore Cockle Shell powder (Hai Ge Fen); both are aquatic products. The key to treating diseases with these lies solely in clearing heat and promoting the movement of dampness. Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao states it treats Gan syndrome. In recent times...
[Attached Prescriptions] Six new prescriptions.
Regurgitation and Vomiting: Use authentic Clam Powder (Beng Fen). Weigh two qian per dose. Crush fresh ginger juice (one zhan), add rice vinegar, mix well, and take orally. (Ji Jiu Liang Fang)
Phlegm-Fluid Retention and Cough: Stir-fry authentic Clam Powder (Beng Fen) on a new tile until red. Add a small amount of Indigo Naturalis (Qing Dai). Mix with light salt water and a few drops of sesame oil, then take two qian orally. *Lei Bian* records: During Emperor Huizong's reign, Li Fangyu served as an Imperial Physician. A favored concubine suffered from phlegm-cough, unable to sleep all night, with her face swollen like a plate. The Emperor summoned Li to treat her, ordering her to sign a guarantee that if she did not recover within three days, she would be executed. Li was anxious and desperate, bidding farewell to his wife in tears. Suddenly, he heard someone selling outside: "Cough medicine, one wen per packet, eat it and you will sleep." Li bought ten packets to inspect; they were pale green. Fearing the drug's potency, he tested three doses himself with no adverse effects. He combined three packets into one, submitted it to the palace for the concubine. That night, the cough stopped, and by dawn, the facial swelling subsided. An eunuch reported this, and the Emperor was greatly pleased, bestowing gold and silk worth ten thousand min. Fearing the demand for the prescription, Li sought out the seller, treated him to wine, and paid a high price to acquire the formula. It was indeed this prescription. The seller claimed he learned it from his commander when serving in the army since youth, stole it, and used it to survive.
Carbuncles and Ulcers with Red Swelling: Mix clam and cockle shell ash with rice vinegar and apply to the affected area. Change the application once dry. (Qian Jin Fang)
Night Blindness (Que Mu): Inability to see at night. Use three qian of Lu'er Clam Powder (Beng Fen) from Jianchang Army. Grind into fine powder and process by water flotation. Take one leaf of male pig liver, split it open, insert the powder, tie it securely, and boil in the second rice-washing water until 70% cooked. Additionally, dip the cooked liver in Clam Powder (Beng Fen) before eating, swallowing with the cooking liquid. Apply once daily. Has the same efficacy as Night-shining Sand (Ye Ming Sha). (Zhi Zhi Fang)
Wet Rot of Toes: Dry-dust the affected area with Clam and Cockle Shell Powder (Beng Ge Fen). (Shou Yu Shen Fang)
Accumulation of Phlegm-Saliva: Accumulates between the chest and diaphragm, causing heart and abdominal pain that persists day and night, or dry retching and inability to keep food down. Treat with stir-fried powder pills. Use one liang of Clam Powder (Beng Fen), stir-fry together with seven seeds of Croton Seed (Ba Dou) until red, remove the beans and discard. Mix the powder with vinegar to form pills the size of wu zi (wu berry). Take twenty pills per dose with ginger-wine. For men with umbilical abdominal pain, take with Fennel Decoction. For women with blood-qi pain, take with child's urine mixed with wine. (Sun Shi Ren Cun Fang)