（《食物》）
【释名】胡豆。
时珍曰∶豆荚状如老蚕，故名。王祯《农书》谓其蚕时始熟故名，亦通。吴瑞《本草》
以此为豌豆，误矣。此豆种亦自西胡来，虽与豌豆同名、同时种，而形性迥别。《太平御览》
云∶张骞使外国，得胡豆种归。指此也。今蜀人呼此为胡豆，而豌豆不复名胡豆矣。
【集解】时珍曰∶蚕豆南土种之，蜀中尤多。八月下种，冬生嫩苗可茹。方茎中空。
叶状如匙头，本圆末尖，面绿背白，柔浓，一枝三叶。二月开花如蛾状，紫白色，又如豇豆
花。结角连缀如大豆，颇似蚕形。蜀人收其子以备荒歉。
【气味】甘、微辛，平，无毒。
【主治】快胃，和脏腑（汪颖）。
【发明】时珍曰∶蚕豆本草失载。万表《积善堂方》言∶一女子误吞针入腹，诸医不能
治。一人教令煮蚕豆同韭菜食之，针自大便同出。此亦可验其性之利脏腑也。
苗
【气味】苦、微甘，温。
【主治】酒醉不省，油盐炒熟，煮汤灌之，效（颖）。
（《纲目》，江、绛二音）
【释名】 KT （音绛双）。
时珍曰∶此豆红色居多，荚必双生，故有豇、 KT 之名。《广雅》指为胡豆，误矣。
【集解】时珍曰∶豇豆处处三、四月种之。一种蔓长丈余，一种蔓短。其叶俱本大末
尖，嫩时可茹。其花有红、白二色。荚有白、红、紫、赤、斑驳数色，长者至二尺，嫩时充
菜，老则收子。此豆可菜、可果、可谷，备用最多，乃豆中之上品，而本草失收，何哉？
【气味】甘、咸，平，无毒。
【主治】理中益气，补肾健胃，和五脏，调营卫，生精髓，止消渴、吐逆泄痢，小便
数，解鼠莽毒（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶豇豆开花结荚，必两两并垂，有习坎之义。豆子微曲，如人肾形，所
谓豆为肾谷者，宜以此当之。昔卢廉夫教人补肾气，每日空心煮豇豆，入少盐食之，盖得此
理。与诸疾无禁，但水肿忌补肾，不宜多食耳。又《袖珍方》云∶中鼠莽毒者，以豇豆煮汁
饮即解。欲试者，先刈鼠莽苗，以汁泼之，便根烂不生。此则物理然也。
（收录于《食物》部）
【释名】胡豆。
李时珍说：豆荚形状像老蚕，所以得名。王祯在《农书》中说它在蚕桑季节成熟，因此得名，这也是通的。吴瑞在《本草》中把它当作豌豆，这是错误的。这种豆子也是从西域传入的，虽然与豌豆同名、同时播种，但形态和性质截然不同。《太平御览》记载：张骞出使外国，带回胡豆种子。指的就是这种。现在四川人称呼它为胡豆，而豌豆不再被称为胡豆了。
【集解】李时珍说：蚕豆在南方种植，四川尤其多。八月下种，冬天长出嫩苗可以食用。茎方形中空。叶子像匙头，根部圆末端尖，正面绿色背面白色，质地柔厚，一枝三叶。二月开花像蛾子一样，紫白色，又有点像豇豆的花。结出的豆荚连缀在一起像大豆，很像蚕的形状。四川人收获它的种子以备荒年歉收时使用。
【气味】甘味、微辛味，性平，无毒。
【发明】李时珍说：蚕豆未被本草书籍记载。万表在《积善堂方》中说：有一个女子误吞针入腹，众医生无法治疗。有人教她煮蚕豆同韭菜一起吃，针自然随大便排出。这也可以验证其性质有利于脏腑。
苗
【气味】苦味、微甘味，性温。
【主治】酒醉神志不清，用油盐炒熟，煮汤灌服，有效（汪颖）。
（收录于《纲目》，江、绛二音）
【释名】豇豆（音“绛”双声）。
李时珍说：这种豆子红色居多，豆荚必定双生，所以有豇、豇的名称。《广雅》将其指为胡豆，是错误的。
【集解】李时珍说：豇豆到处都在三、四月播种。一种蔓长一丈多，一种蔓短。它们的叶子都是根部大末端尖，嫩时可以食用。花有红、白两种颜色。豆荚有白、红、紫、赤、斑驳几种颜色，长的可达二尺，嫩时作为蔬菜，老了则收取种子。这种豆子可以做菜、当水果、作谷物，用途最广，是豆类中的上品，但本草书籍未收录，为什么呢？
【气味】甘味、咸味，性平，无毒。
【主治】调理中气，益气，补肾健胃，调和五脏，调和营卫，生成精髓，止消渴、呕吐反逆、腹泻痢疾，小便频数，解除鼠莽草毒（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：豇豆开花结荚，必定两两并垂，符合《易经》中“习坎”的含义。豆子微微弯曲，像人的肾脏形状，所谓豆为肾谷的说法，应该以此对应。从前卢廉夫教导人补肾气，每天空腹煮豇豆，加少许盐食用，大概是得到了这个原理。豇豆与各种疾病没有禁忌，只是水肿患者忌补肾，不宜多吃罢了。另外《袖珍方》说：中了鼠莽草毒的人，用豇豆煮汁饮用即可解毒。想尝试的人，先割取鼠莽草苗，用汁液泼洒它，就会根烂不生。这是事物的物理规律。
(Recorded in the "Food" section)
[Names] Hu Dou (Chickpea/Faba bean).
Li Shizhen stated: The pod resembles an old silkworm, hence the name. Wang Zhen in *Nongshu* (Book of Agriculture) said it is named so because it ripens during the silkworm season, which is also plausible. Wu Rui in *Bencao* mistook it for Pisum sativum (Wan Dou, Pea), which was incorrect. This bean was also introduced from the Western Regions. Although it shares the same name and planting time as Pisum sativum, its morphology and properties are distinctly different. *Taiping Yulan* records: Zhang Qian traveled to foreign lands and brought back seeds of Hu Dou. This refers to this specific bean. Currently, people in Sichuan call this Hu Dou, while Pisum sativum is no longer referred to as Hu Dou.
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen stated: Vicia faba (Can Dou, Faba Bean) is cultivated in the southern regions, especially abundant in Sichuan. Seeds are sown in August; tender shoots grow in winter and are edible. The stem is square and hollow. The leaves resemble a spoon head, with a round base and pointed tip, green on the front and white on the back, soft and thick, with three leaflets per branch. Flowers appear in February, resembling moths, purple-white in color, similar to the flowers of Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (Jiang Dou, Cowpea). The pods cluster together like Glycine max (Da Dou, Soybean), resembling the shape of a silkworm. People in Sichuan harvest its seeds to prepare for famine or poor harvests.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, slightly pungent, neutral nature, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Stimulates appetite, harmonizes the Zang-Fu organs (Wang Ying).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: Vicia faba is not recorded in traditional Materia Medica texts. Wan Biao in *Jishantang Fang* reported: A woman accidentally swallowed a needle into her abdomen, and physicians could not treat it. Someone advised her to eat boiled Vicia faba with Chinese chives (Jiu Cai), after which the needle was naturally expelled with feces. This verifies that its nature benefits the Zang-Fu organs.
Shoots
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, slightly sweet, warm nature.
[Therapeutic Actions] For alcohol intoxication with loss of consciousness, stir-fry with oil and salt, decoct in water, and administer orally; effective (Ying).
(Recorded in *Bencao Gangmu*, pronunciations Jiang and Jiang)
[Names] Jiang Dou (Cowpea/Long Bean).
Li Shizhen stated: This bean is mostly red, and the pods must grow in pairs, hence the names Jiang and Jiang. *Guangya* identifies it as Hu Dou, which is incorrect.
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen stated: Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis is planted everywhere in March and April. There are varieties with vines over one zhang long and shorter vines. Their leaves have large bases and pointed tips, and are edible when tender. The flowers are either red or white. The pods come in white, red, purple, reddish-brown, and mottled colors; some can reach two chi in length. When tender, they are used as vegetables; when mature, seeds are harvested. This bean can be used as a vegetable, fruit, or grain, with the widest range of uses, making it a superior grade among beans. Why was it omitted from traditional Materia Medica?
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, salty, neutral nature, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Regulates the Middle Jiao, tonifies Qi, tonifies the Kidney, strengthens the Stomach, harmonizes the Five Zang organs, regulates Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive Qi), generates essence and marrow, treats polydipsia, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, frequent urination, and resolves toxicity from Ruman Cao (Aconitum brachypodum) (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: When Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis flowers and forms pods, they hang down in pairs, embodying the meaning of "Xi Kan" (Repeated Danger/Water) from the I Ching. The beans are slightly curved, resembling the human kidney shape; thus, the concept of beans as Kidney grains applies best here. In the past, Lu Lianfu taught people to tonify Kidney Qi by boiling Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis daily on an empty stomach with a little salt. This aligns with this principle. It is not contraindicated for most conditions, except that patients with edema should avoid tonifying the Kidney and thus should not consume it excessively. Additionally, *XiuZhen Fang* states: For those poisoned by Ruman Cao, drinking juice decocted from Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis resolves the toxicity. Those wishing to test this can first cut the seedlings of Ruman Cao and sprinkle the juice upon them, causing the roots to rot and preventing regrowth. This follows the natural laws of substances.