（《本经》下品）
【释名】 （音顷引）、朐 （音蠢闰）、坚蚕（音遣忝）、 （音阮善）、曲 、土
（
时珍曰∶蚓之行也，引而后申，其 如丘，故名蚯 。
《尔雅》谓之 ，巴人谓之朐 ，皆方音之转也。 、
赋》云∶乍逶迤而鳝曲，或宛转而蛇行。任性行止，物击便曲，是矣。术家言蚓可兴云，又
知阴晴，故有土龙、龙子之名。其鸣长吟，故曰歌女。
大明曰∶路上踏杀者，名千人踏，入药更良。
【集解】
《别录》曰∶白颈蚯蚓，生平土。三月取，曝干。
弘景曰∶入药用白颈，是其老者。取得去土盐之，日曝须臾成水，道术多用。其屎呼为
蚓（亦曰六一泥），以其食细泥。无沙石，入合丹泥釜用。
时珍曰∶今处处平泽膏壤地中有之。孟夏始出，仲冬蛰结。雨则先出，晴则夜鸣。或云
结时能化为百合也。与 螽同穴为雌雄。故郭璞赞云∶蚯蚓土精，无心之虫。交不以分，淫
于螽。是矣。今小儿阴肿，多以为此物所吹。《经验方》云∶蚯蚓咬人，形如大风，眉须
皆落，惟以锻石水浸之良。昔浙江将军张韶病此，每夕蚯蚓鸣于体中。有僧教以盐汤浸之，
数遍遂瘥。
宗 曰∶此物有毒。崇宁末年，陇州兵士暑月跣足，为蚯蚓所中，遂不救。后数日，又
有人被其毒。或教以盐汤浸之，并饮一杯，乃愈也。
【修治】
弘景曰∶若服干蚓，须熬作屑。
曰∶凡收得，用糯米泔浸一夜，漉出，以无灰酒浸一日，焙干切。每一两，以蜀椒、
糯米各二钱半同熬，至米熟，拣出用。
时珍曰∶入药有为末，或化水，或烧灰者，各随方法。
白颈蚯蚓
【气味】咸，寒，无毒。
权曰∶有小毒。
之才曰∶畏葱、盐。
【主治】蛇瘕，去三虫伏尸，鬼疰蛊毒，杀长虫（《本经》）。化为水，疗伤寒，伏热狂
谬，大腹黄胆（《别录》）。温病，大热狂
（苏颂）。主伤寒疟疾
注，头风齿痛，风热赤眼，木舌喉痹，鼻息 耳，秃疮瘰 ，卵肿脱肛，解蜘蛛毒，疗蚰蜒
入耳
【发明】
弘景曰∶干蚓熬作屑，去蛔虫甚有效。
宗 曰∶肾脏风下注病，不可阙也。
颂曰∶脚风药必须此物为使，然亦有毒。有人因脚病药中用此，果得奇效，病愈服之不
辍，至二十余日，觉躁愦，但欲饮水不已，遂致委顿。大抵攻病用毒药，中病即当止也。
震亨曰∶蚯蚓属土，有水与木，性寒，大解热毒，行湿病。
时珍曰∶蚓在物应土德，在星禽为轸水。上食槁壤，下饮黄泉，故其性寒而下行。性寒
故能解诸热疾，下行故能利小便、治足疾而通经络也。术家云∶“蚓血能柔弓弩”，恐亦诳言
尔
【附方】旧九，新三十四。
伤寒热结∶六、七日狂乱，见鬼欲走。以大蚓半斤去泥，用人溺煮汁饮。或生绞汁亦可。
（《肘后方》）。阳毒结胸∶按之极痛，或通而复结，喘促，大躁狂乱。取生地龙四条，洗净，
研如泥，入生姜汁少许，蜜一匙，薄荷汁少许，新汲水调服。若热炽者，加片脑少许。即与
揉心下，片时自然汗出而解。不应，再服一次，神效。（《伤寒蕴要》）诸疟烦热太躁∶用上
方服之，甚效。亦治瘴疟。（《直指》）小便不通∶蚯蚓，捣烂，浸水。滤取浓汁半碗服，立
通。（《斗门》）老人尿闭∶白颈蚯蚓、茴香等分，杵汁，饮之即愈。（《朱氏集验方》）小儿
尿闭∶乃热结也。用大地龙数条去泥，入蜜少许，研敷茎卵。仍烧蚕蜕纸、朱砂、龙脑、
麝香同研少许，以麦门冬、灯心煎汤调服。（《全幼》）。小儿急惊∶五福丸∶用生蚯蚓一条，
研烂，入五福化毒丹一丸，同研，以薄荷汤少许化下。《普济方》云∶梁国材言∶扬州进士
李彦直家，专货此药，一服千金，以糊十口。梁传其方，亲试屡验，不可不笔于册，以救婴
儿。
惊风闷乱∶乳香丸∶治小儿慢惊风，心神闷乱，烦懊不安，筋脉拘急，胃虚虫动，反折
啼叫。用乳香半钱，胡粉一钱，研匀，以白颈蚯蚓（生，捏去土），捣烂和，丸麻子大。每
服七丸至十五丸，葱白煎汤下。（《普济方》）慢惊虚风∶用平正附子去皮脐，生研为末，以
白颈蚯蚓于末内滚之，候定，刮蚓上附末，丸黄米大。每服十丸，米饮下。（《百一方》）。
急慢惊风∶五月五日取蚯蚓，竹刀截作两段，急跳者作一处，慢跳者作一处，各研烂，
入朱砂末和作丸，记明急惊用急跳者，慢惊用慢跳者。每服五七丸，薄荷汤下。（《
小儿卵肿∶用地龙，连土为末，津调敷之。（钱氏方）。劳复卵肿或缩入腹∶腹中绞痛，
身体重，头不能举。小腹里急，热上冲胸四支拘急欲死。用蚯蚓二十四枚，水一斗，煮取三
升，顿服取汗。或以蚯蚓数升绞汁服之，并良。（《肘后方》）
手足肿痛欲断∶取蚓三升，以水五升，绞汁二升半，服之。（《肘后》）。
代指疼痛∶蚯蚓杵，敷之。（《圣惠》）
风热头痛∶地龙（炒研）、姜汁、半夏饼、赤茯苓等分。为末。每服一字至半钱，生姜、
荆芥汤下。（《普济》）
头风疼痛∶龙珠丸∶用五月五日取蚯蚓，和脑、麝杵，丸麻子大。每以一丸纳鼻中，随
左右。先涂姜汁在鼻，立愈。（《总录》）
偏正头痛不可忍者∶《普济》龙香散∶用地龙（去土，焙）、乳香等分。为末。每以一
字作纸捻，灯上烧烟，以鼻嗅之。《澹寮方》∶加人指甲等分，云徐介翁方也。每用一捻，香
炉内慢火烧之，以纸筒引烟入鼻熏之。口噙冷
风赤眼痛∶地龙十条，炙为末，茶服三钱。（《圣惠》）
风虫牙痛∶盐化地龙水，和面纳齿上，又以皂荚，去皮，研末涂上，虫即出。又同玄胡
索、荜茇末塞耳。（《普济》）
牙齿裂痛∶死曲 ，为末，敷之即止。（《千金翼》）
齿缝出血不止∶用地龙末、枯矾各一钱，麝香少许，研匀擦之。（《圣惠方》）
牙齿动摇及外物伤动欲落，诸药不效者∶干地龙（炒）、五倍子（炒）等分为末。先以
生姜揩牙，后敷擦之。（《御药院方》）
木舌肿满，不治杀人∶蚯蚓一条，以盐化水涂之，良久渐消。（《普济方》）
咽喉卒肿不下食∶地龙十四条，捣涂喉外。又以一条，着盐化水，入蜜少许，服之。（《圣
惠方》）
喉痹塞口∶《普济》∶用韭地红小蚯蚓数条，醋擂取汁食之，并噙在喉内，即吐出痰血
二、三碗，饮食即进，神效。《圣惠》
鼻中息肉∶地龙（炒）一分，牙皂一挺，为末。蜜调涂之，清水滴尽即除。（《圣惠》）
耳卒聋闭∶蚯蚓入盐，安葱内，化水点之，立效。（《胜金》）
耳出脓∶生地龙、釜上墨、生猪脂等分。研匀，葱汁和，捻作挺子，绵裹塞之。《圣
惠方》∶用地龙为末，吹之。耳中耵聍干结不出∶用白蚯蚓，入葱叶中化为水，滴耳令满。
不过数度，即易挑出。
蚰蜒入耳∶地龙，为末，入葱叶内，化水点入，则蚰蜒亦化为水。（《圣惠方
白秃头疮∶干地龙为末，入轻粉，麻油调搽。（《普济方》）
瘰 溃烂流串者∶用荆芥根下段，煎汤温洗，良久，着疮破紫黑处，以针刺去血，再洗
三、四次。用韭菜地上蚯蚓一把，五更时收取，炭火上烧红，为末。每一匙，入乳香、没
轻粉各半钱，穿山甲九片，炙为末，油调敷之，如神。此武进朱守仁所传有验方。（《保命
集》）
龙缠疮毒∶水缸底蚯蚓一条，连泥捣敷，即愈。
蜘蛛咬疮遍身皆有∶以葱一枚，去尖头，将蚯蚓入叶中，紧捏两头，勿令泄气，频摇动，
即化为水，以点咬处，甚效。（《谭氏小儿方》）
阳证脱肛∶以荆芥、生姜煎汤洗之；用地龙（蟠如钱样者，去土）一两，朴硝二钱，为
末，油调敷之。（《全幼心鉴》）
中蛊下血如烂肝者∶以蚯蚓十四枚，苦酒三升渍至蚓死，服水。已死者皆可活。（《肘
后方》）
疠风痛痒∶白颈蚯蚓，去土，以枣肉同捣，丸梧子大。每美酒下六十丸。忌姜、蒜。（《活
人心统》）对口毒疮，已溃出脓，取韭地蚯蚓，捣细，凉水调敷，日换三、四次。（《扶寿精
方》）
耳聋气闭∶蚯蚓、川芎 各两半，为末。每服二钱，麦门冬汤下。服后低头伏睡。一夜
一服，三夜立效。（《圣济总录》）
口舌糜疮∶地龙、吴茱萸，研末，醋调生面和，涂足心，立效。（《摘玄方》）
蚯蚓泥
见土部。
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】
（音顷引）、朐 （音蠢闰）、坚蚕（音遣忝）、 （音阮善）、曲 、土
李时珍说：蚯蚓爬行时，先收缩身体再伸展，其形状像山丘，所以叫作蚯蚓。
《尔雅》称它为 ，巴地人叫它朐 ，都是方言语音的演变。 在《上林赋》中说：“时而蜿蜒如鳝鱼弯曲，时而宛转如蛇行。”顺应本性而行止，物体击中它就弯曲，这是正确的。方术之士说蚯蚓能兴云，又能预知阴晴，所以有“土龙”、“龙子”的名称。它的鸣叫声悠长，所以叫作“歌女”。
唐慎微《嘉祐本草》说：路上被踩踏死的，名叫“千人踏”，入药效果更好。
【集解】
《名医别录》说：白颈蚯蚓，生长在平原土壤中。三月采集，晒干。
陶弘景说：入药使用白颈蚯蚓，那是老年的蚯蚓。取得后去掉泥土并用盐处理，日晒片刻即化成水，修道之人多用此法。它的粪便称为蚓粪（也叫六一泥），因为它吃的是细泥，不含沙石，用于合制丹砂的泥釜中。
李时珍说：现在到处平坦湿润肥沃的土地里都有。初夏开始出土，深冬蛰伏结团。下雨时先出来，晴天则在夜间鸣叫。有人说它蛰伏时能化为百合。它与螽斯同穴而居，互为雌雄。所以郭璞赞颂说：“蚯蚓是土的精华，是没有心脏的虫类。交配不分性别，与螽斯淫乱。”这是对的。现在小孩阴囊肿胀，多认为是被这种虫子吹气所致。《经验方》说：蚯蚓咬人，症状像大风病，眉毛胡须都会脱落，只有用锻石水浸泡才有效。以前浙江将军张韶得此病，每晚感觉蚯蚓在体内鸣叫。有个僧人教他用盐水浸泡，多次后痊愈。
寇宗奭说：这种虫子有毒。崇宁末年，陇州的士兵在夏天赤脚行走，被蚯蚓所伤，最终不治身亡。几天后，又有人被其毒害。有人教他们用盐水浸泡，并喝一杯，于是痊愈。
【修治】
陶弘景说：如果服用干蚯蚓，必须熬制成屑。
苏颂说：凡是采收到的，用糯米淘米水浸泡一夜，捞出，用无灰酒浸泡一天，焙干切段。每一两蚯蚓，加入蜀椒、糯米各二钱半一同熬煮，直到米熟，拣出蚯蚓使用。
李时珍说：入药有的研为粉末，有的化水，有的烧成灰，各自根据方法而定。
白颈蚯蚓
【气味】咸味，寒性，无毒。
李当之说：有小毒。
徐之才说：畏葱、盐。
【主治】
治疗蛇瘕，去除三虫和伏尸，鬼疰蛊毒，杀灭长虫（《神农本草经》）。化为水，治疗伤寒，伏热狂乱妄语，大腹黄胆（《名医别录》）。温病，大热狂躁（苏颂）。主治伤寒疟疾注病，头风齿痛，风热红眼，木舌喉痹，鼻塞耳聋，秃疮瘰疬，阴囊肿胀脱肛，解除蜘蛛毒，治疗蚰蜒入耳。
【发明】
陶弘景说：干蚯蚓熬成屑，去除蛔虫非常有效。
寇宗奭说：肾脏风邪下注的病，不可缺少的药物。
苏颂说：治疗脚风的药必须以此物为使药，但它也有毒。有人因脚病用药中加入此物，果然获得奇效，病愈后继续服用不停止，到了二十多天，感到烦躁昏乱，只想不停地喝水，于是导致身体衰败。大抵攻治病邪使用毒药，中病之后就应当停止。
朱震亨说：蚯蚓属土，兼有水与木的性质，性寒，能大大解除热毒，运行湿病。
李时珍说：蚯蚓在万物中对应土德，在星宿禽鸟中对应轸水宿。上食干枯土壤，下饮地下泉水，所以它的性质寒凉且下行。性质寒凉所以能解除各种热性疾病，下行所以能利小便、治疗足部疾病并疏通经络。方术之士说：“蚯蚓血能使弓弩变柔”，恐怕也是欺骗之言吧。
【附方】旧方九首，新方三十四首。
伤寒热结：六七天出现狂乱，见鬼想要奔跑。用大蚯蚓半斤去泥，用人尿煮汁饮用。或者生挤汁也可以。（《肘后备急方》）。阳毒结胸：按压极痛，或者通畅后又结聚，气喘急促，极度烦躁狂乱。取生地龙四条，洗净，研如泥状，加入少许生姜汁，一匙蜂蜜，少许薄荷汁，用新汲水调服。如果热势炽盛，加少许冰片。随即揉按心下部，片刻自然出汗而解。无效，再服一次，神效。（《伤寒蕴要》）。诸疟烦热太躁：用上方的药服用，很有效。也治疗瘴疟。（《直指方》）。小便不通：蚯蚓，捣烂，浸水。过滤取浓汁半碗服用，立即通利。（《斗门方》）。老人尿闭：白颈蚯蚓、茴香等分，杵碎取汁，饮用即愈。（《朱氏集验方》）。小儿尿闭：这是热结所致。用大地龙数条去泥，加入少许蜜，研敷阴茎阴囊。同时烧蚕蜕纸、朱砂、龙脑、麝香同研少许，用麦门冬、灯心煎汤调服。（《全幼心鉴》）。小儿急惊风：五福丸：用生蚯蚓一条，研烂，加入五福化毒丹一丸，同研，用少许薄荷汤化下。《普济方》说：梁国材言：扬州进士李彦直家，专门贩卖此药，一服千金，靠此糊口养活十口人。梁氏传授此方，亲自试验屡次见效，不可不记录在册，以救助婴儿。
惊风闷乱：乳香丸：治疗小儿慢惊风，心神闷乱，烦懊不安，筋脉拘急，胃虚虫动，反折啼叫。用乳香半钱，胡粉一钱，研匀，用白颈蚯蚓（生的，捏去泥土），捣烂调和，丸如麻子大。每次服七丸至十五丸，葱白煎汤送下。（《普济方》）。慢惊虚风：用平正附子去皮脐，生研为末，用白颈蚯蚓在末内滚动，待固定后，刮下蚯蚓上的附子末，丸如黄米大。每次服十丸，米饮送下。（《百一方》）。
急慢惊风：五月五日取蚯蚓，用竹刀截成两段，急跳的放在一起，慢跳的放在一起，分别研烂，加入朱砂末和制作成丸，记清楚急惊风用急跳者，慢惊风用慢跳者。每次服五七丸，薄荷汤送下。（《小儿卫生总微论方》）。
小儿卵肿：用地龙，连土研为末，唾液调敷。（钱乙方）。劳复卵肿或缩入腹：腹中绞痛，身体沉重，头不能抬起。小腹里急，热气上冲胸部四肢拘急欲死。用蚯蚓二十四枚，水一斗，煮取三升，顿服取汗。或者用蚯蚓数升绞汁服用，都好。（《肘后备急方》）。
手足肿痛欲断：取蚯蚓三升，用水五升，绞汁二升半，服用。（《肘后方》）。
代指疼痛：蚯蚓杵碎，敷之。（《圣惠方》）。
风热头痛：地龙（炒研）、姜汁、半夏饼、赤茯苓等分。研为末。每次服一字至半钱，生姜、荆芥汤送下。（《普济方》）。
头风疼痛：龙珠丸：用五月五日取蚯蚓，和冰片、麝香杵碎，丸如麻子大。每次以一丸纳入鼻中，随左右侧。先在鼻孔涂姜汁，立即痊愈。（《太平总录》）。
偏正头痛不可忍者：《普济方》龙香散：用地龙（去土，焙）、乳香等分。研为末。每次取一字做成纸捻，在灯上烧烟，用鼻子嗅闻。《澹寮方》：加人指甲等分，说是徐介翁方。每次用一捻，在香炉内慢火烧之，用纸筒引烟入鼻熏之。口中含冷...
风赤眼痛：地龙十条，炙为末，茶服三钱。（《圣惠方》）。
风虫牙痛：盐化地龙水，和面纳齿上，又以皂荚，去皮，研末涂上，虫即出。又同玄胡索、荜茇末塞耳。（《普济方》）。
牙齿裂痛：死曲 ，为末，敷之即止。（《千金翼方》）。
齿缝出血不止：用地龙末、枯矾各一钱，麝香少许，研匀擦之。（《圣惠方》）。
牙齿动摇及外物伤动欲落，诸药不效者：干地龙（炒）、五倍子（炒）等分为末。先用生姜揩牙，后敷擦之。（《御药院方》）。
木舌肿满，不治杀人：蚯蚓一条，以盐化水涂之，良久渐消。（《普济方》）。
咽喉卒肿不下食：地龙十四条，捣涂喉外。又以一条，着盐化水，入蜜少许，服之。（《圣惠方》）。
喉痹塞口：《普济方》：用韭地红小蚯蚓数条，醋擂取汁食之，并噙在喉内，即吐出痰血二、三碗，饮食即进，神效。《圣惠方》。
鼻中息肉：地龙（炒）一分，牙皂一挺，为末。蜜调涂之，清水滴尽即除。（《圣惠方》）。
耳卒聋闭：蚯蚓入盐，安葱内，化水点之，立效。（《胜金方》）。
耳出脓：生地龙、釜上墨、生猪脂等分。研匀，葱汁和，捻作挺子，绵裹塞之。《圣惠方》：用地龙为末，吹之。耳中耵聍干结不出：用白蚯蚓，入葱叶中化为水，滴耳令满。不过数度，即易挑出。
蚰蜒入耳：地龙，为末，入葱叶内，化水点入，则蚰蜒亦化为水。（《圣惠方》）。
白秃头疮：干地龙为末，入轻粉，麻油调搽。（《普济方》）。
瘰疬溃烂流串者：用荆芥根下段，煎汤温洗，良久，着疮破紫黑处，以针刺去血，再洗三、四次。用韭菜地上蚯蚓一把，五更时收取，炭火上烧红，为末。每一匙，入乳香、没药、轻粉各半钱，穿山甲九片，炙为末，油调敷之，如神。此武进朱守仁所传有验方。（《保命集》）。
龙缠疮毒：水缸底蚯蚓一条，连泥捣敷，即愈。
蜘蛛咬疮遍身皆有：以葱一枚，去尖头，将蚯蚓入叶中，紧捏两头，勿令泄气，频摇动，即化为水，以点咬处，甚效。（《谭氏小儿方》）。
阳证脱肛：以荆芥、生姜煎汤洗之；用地龙（蟠如钱样者，去土）一两，朴硝二钱，为末，油调敷之。（《全幼心鉴》）。
中蛊下血如烂肝者：以蚯蚓十四枚，苦酒三升渍至蚓死，服水。已死者皆可活。（《肘后方》）。
疠风痛痒：白颈蚯蚓，去土，以枣肉同捣，丸梧子大。每美酒下六十丸。忌姜、蒜。（《活人心统》）。对口毒疮，已溃出脓，取韭地蚯蚓，捣细，凉水调敷，日换三、四次。（《扶寿精方》）。
耳聋气闭：蚯蚓、川芎 各两半，为末。每服二钱，麦门冬汤下。服后低头伏睡。一夜一服，三夜立效。（《圣济总录》）。
口舌糜疮：地龙、吴茱萸，研末，醋调生面和，涂足心，立效。（《摘玄方》）。
蚯蚓泥
见土部。
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]**
(Qingyin), Qu (Chunrun), Jian Can (Qiantian), Ruan Shan, Qu , Tu
Li Shizhen stated: When earthworms move, they contract first and then extend; their shape resembles a mound, hence the name "Qiu Yin" (Earthworm).
*Erya* calls it , and people in Ba call it Qu ; these are all transformations of local dialects. The *Shanglin Fu* states: "Sometimes winding like an eel bending, or turning like a snake moving." It moves according to its nature; when struck by an object, it bends, which is correct. Practitioners of arts claim that earthworms can summon clouds and predict weather, thus earning the names "Tu Long" (Earth Dragon) and "Long Zi" (Dragon's Son). Its long chanting cry leads to the name "Ge Nu" (Singing Female).
Tao Hongjing noted: Those crushed on roads are named "Qian Ren Ta" (Thousand People Tread); for medicinal use, they are superior.
**[Collection and Explanation]**
*Mingyi Bie Lu* states: Bai Jing Qiu Yin (White-necked Earthworm) grows in flat soil. Collect in March and dry in the sun.
Hongjing stated: For medicinal use, the white-necked variety is chosen as it represents older worms. After collection, remove soil and salt them; expose to sun briefly until they liquefy, a method often used by Daoist practitioners. Their excrement is called Yi Fen (also known as Liu Yi Ni), as they feed on fine mud without sand or stones, suitable for lining cauldrons used in alchemy.
Li Shizhen stated: They are found in flat, moist, fertile lands everywhere. They emerge at the beginning of early summer and huddle together in deep winter. They appear before rain and sing at night during clear weather. Some say they transform into Lily bulbs when huddled. They share burrows with Zhi (Katydids) as male and female. Thus, Guo Pu praised: "Earthworm is the essence of earth, a heartless insect. Mating does not distinguish gender; it is promiscuous with Zhi." This is correct. Currently, children's scrotal swelling is often attributed to being "blown upon" by this creature. *Jingyan Fang* states: If bitten by an earthworm, symptoms resemble severe wind disease, with eyebrows and beard falling out; soaking in Duan Shi (calcined iron ore) water is effective. Previously, General Zhang Shao of Zhejiang suffered from this, hearing earthworms singing inside his body every night. A monk taught him to soak in salt water, curing him after several applications.
Zong described: This creature is toxic. At the end of the Chongning era, soldiers in Longzhou who walked barefoot in summer were poisoned by earthworms and died. Days later, others were similarly affected. Soaking in salt water and drinking a cup cured them.
**[Processing]**
Hongjing stated: If using dried earthworms, they must be roasted into powder.
Su Song stated: Upon collection, soak in rice washing water overnight, drain, soak in non-ashy wine for one day, dry, and slice. For every liang of earthworm, add two qian half each of Shu Jiao (Sichuan peppercorn) and glutinous rice, boil until rice is cooked, then remove the earthworms.
Li Shizhen stated: For medicinal use, they may be powdered, liquefied, or calcined to ash, depending on the prescription.
**Bai Jing Qiu Yin (White-necked Earthworm)**
**[Flavor and Nature]** Salty, Cold, Non-toxic.
Li Dangzhi stated: Slightly toxic.
Zhi Cai stated: Averse to Scallion and Salt.
**[Indications]**
Treats She Jia (Snake-like abdominal mass), expels the Three Parasites and Fu Shi (latent corpse parasites), Ghost Zhu (ghostly infection) and Gu Du (poisonous pestilence), kills Chang Chong (long intestinal worms) (*Ben Jing*). Liquefied, treats Shang Han (Cold Damage), latent heat with mania and delirium, Da Huang Dan (severe jaundice) (*Bie Lu*). Wen Bing (Warm Disease), extreme heat and mania (Su Song). Main indications include Shang Han Nue Ji (Cold Damage and Malaria) Zhu Bing (infectious diseases), Tou Feng Chi Tong (Head Wind and Toothache), Feng Re Chi Yan (Wind-Heat Red Eye), Mu She Hou Bi (Wooden Tongue and Throat Obstruction), Bi Xi Er (Nasal Congestion and Deafness), Tu Chuang Luo Li (Scrofula and Bald Patches), Juan Zhong Tuo Gang (Scrotal Swelling and Rectal Prolapse), resolves Spider Du (Spider Poison), treats You Yan Ru Er (Centipede entering ear).
**[Elucidation]**
Hongjing stated: Roasted dried earthworm powder is very effective for expelling Ascaris.
Zong stated: Essential for treating Kidney Wind descending pathology.
Song stated: Must be used as a guiding drug in formulas for Leg Wind, though it is toxic. Someone used it for leg disease, achieved miraculous results, but continued taking it indefinitely. After twenty days, they felt irritable and confused, constantly desiring water, leading to collapse. Generally, toxic drugs used to attack pathogens should be stopped once the disease is addressed.
Zhenheng stated: Earthworms belong to Earth, containing Water and Wood properties. Their nature is cold, greatly resolving Heat Toxins and moving Dampness pathologies.
Li Shizhen stated: In correspondence with things, Earthworms embody Earth Virtue; in stars and animals, they correspond to Zhen Water. Eating dry soil above and drinking yellow springs below, their nature is cold and descending. Being cold, they resolve various heat diseases; descending, they promote urination, treat foot ailments, and unblock meridians. Practitioners claim "Earthworm blood can soften bows and crossbows," which is likely false talk.
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Nine old prescriptions, thirty-four new ones.
**Shang Han Re Jie (Cold Damage Heat Accumulation):** Mania and running away after six or seven days. Use half a jin of large earthworms, cleaned of mud, boiled in human urine for juice to drink. Or squeeze fresh juice. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*). **Yang Du Jie Xiong (Yang Toxic Chest Binding):** Extreme pain on pressure, alternating obstruction, panting, extreme restlessness and mania. Take four fresh Di Long (Earthworms), wash clean, grind into paste, add a little Ginger Juice, one spoon of Honey, a little Mint Juice, mix with fresh well water and take. If heat is intense, add a little Bing Pian (Borneol). Rub the epigastrium immediately; sweat will naturally occur and resolve the condition. If ineffective, repeat once, divine effect. (*Shanghan Yunyao*). Various Malarial Fevers with extreme restlessness: Use the above formula, very effective. Also treats Zhang Malaria. (*Zhizhi*). **Xiao Bian Bu Tong (Urinary Retention):** Earthworms, mashed, soaked in water. Filter thick juice, half bowl, drink, immediate relief. (*Doumen*). **Lao Ren Niao Bi (Elderly Urinary Retention):** Bai Jing Qiu Yin and Huixiang (Fennel) in equal parts, pounded for juice, drink to cure. (*Zhu Shi Jiyan Fang*). **Xiao Er Niao Bi (Pediatric Urinary Retention):** Caused by heat accumulation. Use several large Di Long, clean mud, add little honey, grind and apply to penis and scrotum. Also burn Can Tui Zhi (Silkworm Cast Skin Paper), Zhu Sha (Cinnabar), Long Nao (Camphor), She Xiang (Musk), grind together, mix with Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogon) and Deng Xin Cao (Juncus) decoction to take. (*Quanyou*). **Xiao Er Ji Jing (Pediatric Acute Convulsion):** Wufu Wan: One fresh earthworm, ground, mixed with one pill of Wufu Huadu Dan, dissolved in little Mint Decoction. *Puji Fang* records: Liang Guocai said: Scholar Li Yanzhi in Yangzhou sold this medicine exclusively, earning a thousand gold per dose, supporting ten mouths. Liang transmitted the formula, tested personally with frequent success, must be recorded to save infants.
**Jing Feng Men Luan (Convulsion with Mental Confusion):** Ruxiang Wan: Treats Pediatric Slow Convulsion, mental confusion, irritability, tendon spasm, Stomach deficiency with worm movement, opisthotonos and crying. Use Ban Qian Ruxiang (Frankincense), one Qian Hufen (Lead White), grind evenly, mix with fresh Bai Jing Qiu Yin (kneaded to remove soil), pound into paste, form pills size of Hemp Seeds. Take 7-15 pills, down with Scallion White Decoction. (*Puji Fang*). **Man Jing Xu Feng (Slow Convulsion Deficient Wind):** Use Ping Zheng Fuzi (Aconite) peeled and de-navelled, raw ground to powder. Roll Bai Jing Qiu Yin in the powder, wait for stability, scrape off the powder adhering to the worm, form pills size of Yellow Rice. Take 10 pills, down with Rice Drink. (*Baiyi Fang*).
**Ji Man Jing Feng (Acute and Slow Convulsions):** Collect earthworms on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month. Cut into two pieces with a bamboo knife. Group fast-jumping ones and slow-jumping ones separately. Grind each group finely, mix with Zhu Sha (Cinnabar) powder to form pills. Clearly mark: fast-jumpers for acute convulsion, slow-jumpers for slow convulsion. Take 5-7 pills, down with Mint Decoction. (*Xiaoer Yaokan*).
**Xiao Er Luan Zhong (Pediatric Scrotal Swelling):** Use Di Long, powder with soil, mix with saliva for application. (*Qian Shi Fang*). **Lao Fu Luan Zhong or Shrinking into Abdomen:** Colic in abdomen, heavy body, inability to lift head. Urgency in lower abdomen, heat rushing to chest, limb spasms nearing death. Use 24 earthworms, one dou of water, boil to three sheng, take in one dose to induce sweat. Or crush several sheng of earthworms for juice to drink, both good. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*).
**Shou Zu Zhong Tong Yu Duan (Swollen and Painful Hands/Feet Nearing Amputation):** Take three sheng earthworms, five sheng water, crush to get two and a half sheng juice, drink. (*Zhouhou*).
**Dai Zhi Teng Tong (Paronychia Pain):** Pound earthworms, apply. (*Shenghui*).
**Feng Re Tou Tong (Wind-Heat Headache):** Di Long (stir-fried and ground), Jiang Zhi (Ginger Juice), Ban Xia Bing (Pinellia Cake), Chi Fu Ling (Red Poria) in equal parts. Powder. Take one zi to half a qian, down with Ginger and Jingjie Decoction. (*Puji*).
**Tou Feng Teng Tong (Head Wind Pain):** Long Zhu Wan: Collect earthworms on May 5th, mix with Naozh (Borneol) and She Xiang (Musk), pound, form pills size of Hemp Seeds. Insert one pill into nostril, left or right as needed. First smear Ginger Juice in nose, immediate cure. (*Zonglu*).
**Pian Zheng Tou Tong Bu Ke Ren Zhe (Unbearable Migraine/Tension Headache):** *Puji* Long Xiang San: Di Long (cleaned, dried), Ruxiang (Frankincense) equal parts. Powder. Form one zi into paper twist, burn on lamp, inhale smoke. *Danliao Fang*: Add Ren Zhi Jia (Human Nail) equal parts, said to be Xu Jieweng's formula. Use one pinch, burn slowly in incense burner, guide smoke into nose with paper tube. Hold cold water in mouth...
**Feng Chi Yan Tong (Wind-Red Eye Pain):** Ten Di Longs, roasted to powder, taken with tea, three qian. (*Shenghui*).
**Feng Chong Ya Tong (Wind-Worm Toothache):** Salt-dissolved Di Long water, mixed with flour applied to teeth. Also apply Gleditsia Sinensis (Zao Jia) peeled powder. Worms will exit. Also plug ears with Yuan Hu Suo (Corydalis) and Bi Bo (Long Pepper) powder. (*Puji*).
**Ya Chi Lie Teng (Cracked Teeth Pain):** Dead Qu , powder, apply to stop pain. (*Qianjin Yi*).
**Chi Feng Chu Xue Bu Zhi (Gum Bleeding Unstoppable):** Di Long powder, Ku Fan (Alum) one qian each, little She Xiang, grind and rub. (*Shenghui Fang*).
**Ya Chi Dong Yao and Trauma Falling Out, Other Medicines Ineffective:** Gan Di Long (stir-fried), Wu Bei Zi (Galla Chinensis) (stir-fried) equal parts powder. First rub teeth with Ginger, then apply. (*Yuyao Yuan Fang*).
**Mu She Zhong Man (Wooden Tongue Swelling, Fatal if Untreated):** One earthworm, dissolve in salt water, apply. Gradually subsides after some time. (*Puji Fang*).
**Yan Hou Cu Zhong Bu Xia Shi (Sudden Throat Swelling Unable to Eat):** Fourteen Di Longs, mash and apply outside throat. Also one earthworm, dissolve in salt water, add little honey, drink. (*Shenghui Fang*).
**Hou Bi Sai Kou (Throat Obstruction Blocking Mouth):** *Puji*: Use several small red earthworms from leek fields, crush with vinegar for juice, eat and hold in throat. Immediately vomit two or three bowls of phlegm-blood, diet resumes, divine effect. *Shenghui*.
**Bi Zhong Rou Zi (Nasal Polyps):** One fen Di Long (stir-fried), one Ting Ya Zao (Gleditsia Fruit), powder. Mix with honey, apply. Clear with clean water to remove. (*Shenghui*).
**Er Cu Long Bi (Sudden Ear Deafness):** Earthworm with salt, place in Scallion, dissolve water, drip into ear, immediate effect. (*Shengjin*).
**Er Chu Nong (Ear Discharge):** Fresh Di Long, Fu Shang Mo (Soot from Cauldron), Sheng Zhu Zhi (Raw Lard) equal parts. Grind evenly, mix with Scallion Juice, roll into suppositories, wrap in silk and insert. *Shenghui Fang*: Di Long powder, insufflate. **Er Zhong Ding Ning Gan Jie Bu Chu (Dry Cerumen Impaction):** Use white earthworm, place in Scallion leaf to liquefy, drip into ear until full. After a few times, easily removed.
**You Yan Ru Er (Centipede Entering Ear):** Di Long powder, place in Scallion leaf to liquefy, drip in, centipede also liquefies. (*Shenghui Fang*).
**Bai Tu Tou Chuang (Scalp Ringworm):** Gan Di Long powder, add Qing Fen (Calomel), mix with Sesame Oil for application. (*Puji Fang*).
**Luo Li Kui Lan Liu Chuan (Ulcerated Scrofula Spreading):** Use lower segment of Schizonepeta root, decoct for warm wash. After some time, prick purple-black broken sores with needle to bleed, wash 3-4 times. Use a handful of earthworms from leek fields, collected at dawn, burned red on charcoal fire, powder. One spoon, add Ban Qian Ruxiang, Moyao (Myrrh), Qing Fen, nine slices of Shan Jia (Pangolin Scale), roasted to powder, mix with oil for application, divine effect. Verified formula from Zhu Shouren of Wujin. (*Baoming Ji*).
**Long Chan Chuang Du (Herpes Zoster Poison):** One earthworm from bottom of water vat, mash with mud for application, cures immediately.
**Zhi Zhu Yao Chuang Bian Shen Jie You (Spider Bite All Over Body):** Take one Scallion, remove tip, put earthworm inside leaves, tightly pinch ends to prevent gas escape, shake frequently until liquefied, apply to bite site, very effective. (*Tan Shi Xiao Er Fang*).
**Yang Zheng Tuo Gang (Yang Syndrome Rectal Prolapse):** Wash with Jingjie and Ginger decoction; use one liang Di Long (coiled like coin, cleaned), two qian Po Xiao (Mirabilite), powder, mix with oil for application. (*Quanyou Xinjian*).
**Zhong Gu Xia Xue Ru Lan Gan Zhe (Gu Poison Bloody Stool Like Rotting Liver):** Soak fourteen earthworms in three sheng of Ku Jiu (Vinegar/Wine) until dead, drink the liquid. Even those already dead can be revived. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*).
**Li Feng Tong Yang (Leprosy Itching/Pain):** Bai Jing Qiu Yin, clean soil, pound with Jujube Flesh, form pills size of Walnut seeds. Take sixty pills with good Wine. Avoid Ginger, Garlic. (*Huoren Xintong*). **Duikou Du Chuang (Carbuncle at Corner of Mouth), Ulcerated with Pus:** Take earthworms from leek fields, mash finely, mix with cool water for application, change 3-4 times daily. (*Fushou Jing Fang*).
**Er Long Qi Bi (Deafness and Qi Blockage):** Di Long, Chuan Xiong (Sichuan Lovage Root) two and a half liang each, powder. Take two qian, down with Ophiopogon Decoction. After taking, lie down with head low. Once nightly, effective in three nights. (*Shengji Zonglu*).
**Kou She Mi Chuang (Oral Thrush):** Di Long, Wu Zhu Yu (Evodia), powder, mix with Vinegar and raw flour dough, apply to sole of foot, immediate effect. (*Zhaixuan Fang*).
**Qiu Yin Ni (Earthworm Mud)**
See Earth Section.